Infundibulicybe gibba
| Infundibulicybe gibba | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | incertae sedis |
| Genus: | Infundibulicybe |
| Species: | I. gibba
|
| Binomial name | |
| Infundibulicybe gibba (Pers.) Harmaja (2003)
| |
| Synonyms | |
Infundibulicybe gibba | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is infundibuliform |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is edible but not recommended |
Infundibulicybe gibba (also known as Clitocybe gibba), and commonly known as the common funnel[1] or funnel cap,[2] is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.
Taxonomy
[edit]The epithet gibba comes from the Latin adjective "gibbus", meaning "humped" or "gibbous".[3]
This species was originally described by the mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801 as Agaricus gibbus, at a time when gilled mushrooms were generally all assigned to genus Agaricus.[4] In 1871, Paul Kummer allocated the species to the genus Clitocybe, which previously (according to the system of Elias Magnus Fries) had only been a tribe within genus Agaricus.[5]
In 2003 Harri Harmaja created the new genus Infundibulicybe for some of the larger members of the former Clitocybe and he included I. gibba as the type species.[6][7][4][8]
Clitocybe catinus
[edit]
Clitocybe catinus is described as differing from C. gibba by having white cap with occasionally some pink tonality and its slight smell of flour.[9]
Harmaja (2003) gave it[clarification needed] a new name, Infundibulicybe catinus.[8]
Vizzini et al. (2011) listed it[clarification needed] a color variant of Infundibulicybe gibba.[10]
Clitocybe infundibuliformis
[edit]The older name Clitocybe infundibuliformis is often identified as a synonym of I. gibba,[11][12][7] but according to Species Fungorum that use was incorrect and the original C. infundibuliformis was a different taxon.[4]
Etymology
[edit]The name infundibuliformis derives from the Latin "infundibulum", a funnel, with the suffix "-formis" - so it means "funnel-shaped".[13]
Description
[edit]The matt slightly felted cap grows from about 3 to 9 centimetres (1+1⁄4 to 3+1⁄2 in), and is beige to tan, also sometimes with a pink tinge.[14] It may have a small depression in the centre and soon becomes funnel-shaped.[2]
There is no ring or other veil remnant. The stem is white or whitish and about 2–8 cm long and 1 cm in diameter.[14]
The white gills are crowded and very decurrent (running down the stem).[14]
It has a faint "cyanic" smell, like new-mown hay, and the flavour is mild, but the central European variety adstringens has an unpleasant taste.[12]
The tear-shaped spores are white[14] and around 5.5–8 μm by 4–5 μm. The spore print is white.[2]
Similar species
[edit]The species resembles Infundibulicybe squamulosa, Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis,[14] Bonomyces sinopicus, and Singerocybe adirondackensis.[15]
Distribution and habitat
[edit]This gregarious saprobic mushroom grows on soil in deciduous or (less commonly) coniferous[2] woods and may be found from summer to autumn. It sometimes forms fairy rings.
It is very common throughout Europe, and occurs in North America and Japan.[16][12]
Uses
[edit]It is edible when young, but said to be of mediocre quality. It can be fried or used in risottos or soups etc. The stems are tough and may be discarded.[17][11][1] The species resembles some which are poisonous.[14]
An extract of I. gibba exhibits inhibitory activity on thrombin.[18]
References
[edit]- ^ a b "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm. - Common Funnel". First Nature. Pat O'Reilly. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c d Arora, David (1986) [1979]. Mushrooms Demystified: A Comprehensive Guide to the Fleshy Fungi (2nd ed.). Berkeley, CA: Ten Speed Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-89815-170-1.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "gibbus". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c "Infundibulicybe gibba page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ Kummer, Paul (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde ... [The Guide to Mycology ...] (in German). Zerbst: E. Luppe. p. 123.
- ^ Eyssartier, G.; Roux, P. (2013). Le guide des champignons France et Europe (in French). Belin. p. 572. ISBN 978-2-7011-8289-6.
- ^ a b Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2018). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gasteroid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 469. ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0.
- ^ a b Harmaja H (2003). "Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales)". Annales Botanici Fennici. 40 (1): 213–218.
- ^ "Infundibulicybe gibba". Funghi in Italia - Fiori in Italia - Forum Micologia e Botanica. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
- ^ Vizzini A, Contu M, Musumeci E, Ercole E (2011). "A new taxon in the Infundibulicybe gibba complex (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from Sardinia (Italy)". Mycologia. 103 (1): 203–208. doi:10.3852/10-137. hdl:2318/76272. PMID 20943527.
- ^ a b Bon, Marcel (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 134. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
- ^ a b c Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 212. ISBN 978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "infundĭbŭlum". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c d e f Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ Audubon (2023). Mushrooms of North America. Knopf. p. 481. ISBN 978-0-593-31998-7.
- ^ "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. OECD. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ "Clitocybe gibba". Asociación Micológica El Royo (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ Doljak, B.; Stegnar, M.; Urleb, U.; Kreft, S.; Umek, A.; Ciglarič, M.; Štrukelj, B.; Popovič, T. (2001). "Screening for selective thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms". Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 12 (2): 123–8. doi:10.1097/00001721-200103000-00006. PMID 11302474. S2CID 28411589.