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2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroamphetamine

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2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroamphetamine
Clinical data
Routes of
administration		Oral, Insufflation
ATC code
  • none
Legal status
Legal status
Identifiers
  • 1-(4-Fluoro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)propan-2-amine
CAS Number
PubChem CID
ChemSpider
UNII
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC11H16FNO2
Molar mass213.252 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • CC(Cc1cc(c(cc1OC)F)OC)N
  • InChI=1S/C11H16FNO2/c1-7(13)4-8-5-11(15-3)9(12)6-10(8)14-2/h5-7H,4,13H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:NRANUECGGQVXOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

2,5-Dimethoxy-4-fluoroamphetamine (DOF) is a psychedelic drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine classes. Alexander Shulgin briefly describes DOF in his book PiHKAL:[1]

Animal studies that have compared DOF to the highly potent DOI and DOB imply that the human activity will be some four to six times less than these two heavier halide analogues.[2]

— Alexander Shulgin, (PiHKAL)

DOF showed some stimulating effects in humans, but no psychedelic activity, after three doses of 6 mg spaced by one hour.[3] Researcher Daniel Trachsel further suspected that the molar refraction of the important 4-substituent in DOF and 2C-F may be too low to activate the 5-HT2A receptor sufficiently.[4] DOF more closely mimics the effects of the 4-unsubstituted 2,5-dimethoxyamphetamine than the effects of DOC, DOB, and DOI.[5][6][7]

The receptor and transporter interactions of DOF have been characterized.[8][9][10] As with other DOx drugs, it shows affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors and acts as an agonist of these receptors.[8][9][10] However, it shows much lower affinity for the serotonin 5-HT2 receptors than many other DOx drugs and a much lower degree of selectivity for the serotonin 5-HT2A receptor over the serotonin 5-HT1A receptor.[8][9][10] The drug lacks significant affinity for the monoamine transporters (MATs), the human trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1), and various other receptors.[10]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Shulgin A, Shulgin A (September 1991). PiHKAL: A Chemical Love Story. United States: Transform Press. p. 978. ISBN 978-0-9630096-0-9.
  2. ^ Glennon RA, Young R, Benington F, Morin RD (October 1982). "Behavioral and serotonin receptor properties of 4-substituted derivatives of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 25 (10): 1163–1168. doi:10.1021/jm00352a013. PMID 7143352.
  3. ^ Nichols DE (1991). Biochemistry and Physiology of Substance Abuse, Vol. III. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
  4. ^ Trachsel D (July 2012). "Fluorine in psychedelic phenethylamines". Drug Testing and Analysis. 4 (7–8): 577–590. doi:10.1002/dta.413. PMID 22374819.
  5. ^ Nichols DE, Frescas S, Marona-Lewicka D, Huang X, Roth BL, Gudelsky GA, et al. (December 1994). "1-(2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-2-aminopropane: a potent serotonin 5-HT2A/2C agonist". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 37 (25): 4346–4351. doi:10.1021/jm00051a011. PMID 7996545.
  6. ^ Glennon RA (1991). "Discriminative stimulus properties of hallucinogens and related designer drugs". NIDA Research Monograph. 116 (116): 25–44. PMID 1369672. Archived from the original on 2015-07-22. Retrieved 2015-06-29.
  7. ^ Johnson MP, Hoffman AJ, Nichols DE, Mathis CA (December 1987). "Binding to the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor by the enantiomers of 125I-DOI". Neuropharmacology. 26 (12): 1803–1806. doi:10.1016/0028-3908(87)90138-9. PMID 3437942. S2CID 25077839.
  8. ^ a b c Shannon M, Battaglia G, Glennon RA, Titeler M (June 1984). "5-HT1 and 5-HT2 binding properties of derivatives of the hallucinogen 1-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-aminopropane (2,5-DMA)". Eur J Pharmacol. 102 (1): 23–29. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(84)90333-9. PMID 6479216.
  9. ^ a b c Nelson DL, Lucaites VL, Wainscott DB, Glennon RA (January 1999). "Comparisons of hallucinogenic phenylisopropylamine binding affinities at cloned human 5-HT2A, -HT(2B) and 5-HT2C receptors". Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol. 359 (1): 1–6. doi:10.1007/pl00005315. PMID 9933142.
  10. ^ a b c d Rudin D, Luethi D, Hoener MC, Liechti ME (2022). "Structure-activity Relation of Halogenated 2,5-Dimethoxyamphetamines Compared to their α‑Desmethyl (2C) Analogues". The FASEB Journal. 36 (S1). doi:10.1096/fasebj.2022.36.S1.R2121. ISSN 0892-6638.
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