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Diyala Governorate

Coordinates: 33°53′N 45°4′E / 33.883°N 45.067°E / 33.883; 45.067
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Diyala Governorate
محافظة ديالى
Governorate
Flag of Diyala Governorate
Flag
Official seal of Diyala Governorate
Seal
Location of Diyala Governorate
Coordinates: 33°53′N 45°4′E / 33.883°N 45.067°E / 33.883; 45.067
Country Iraq
CapitalBaqubah
GovernorMuthanna Al-Tamimi
Area
 • Total17,685 km2 (6,828 sq mi)
Population
 (2018)
 • Total1,637,226
ISO 3166 codeIQ-DI
HDI (2021)0.695[1]
medium

Diyala Governorate (Arabic: محافظة ديالى Muḥāfaẓat Diyālā) or Diyala Province is a governorate in northeastern Iraq.

Provincial Government

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  • Governor: Muthanna al-Tamimi[2]
  • Deputy Governor: Mohammed Jassim al-Jubouri[3]

Council

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Main article: 2013 Diyala governorate election

Geography

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Diyala river

Diyala Governorate extends to the northeast of Baghdad as far as the Iranian border. Its capital is Baqubah. It covers an area of 17,685 square kilometres (6,828 sq mi).

A large portion of the province is drained by the Diyala River, a major tributary of the Tigris. Because of its proximity to two major sources of water, Diyala's main industry is agriculture, primarily dates grown in large groves. The province also contains one of the largest olive groves in the Middle East.[4] It is also recognized as the orange capital of the Middle East. The Hamrin Mountains pass through the governorate.

Population

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The governorate is home to a diverse population of Arabs, Kurds and Turkmens.[5] According to the latest statistics, the number of inhabitants is approximately 1,6 million.[6]

U.S. Army and Iraqi soldiers maneuver through palm groves in pursuit of insurgents in Diyala (2010)

Culture

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Sports

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Diyala is home to Diyala SC that plays in Iraq Stars League, the highest division of the Iraqi football league system, following promotion from Iraqi Premier Division League in 2024. The club is based in Baqubah and Ba'quba Stadium is its home stadium.

Administrative districts

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Districts of the Diyala Governorate

Diyala Governorate comprises seven districts, listed below with their areas[7] and populations as estimated in 2003:[8]

District Name
in Arabic 		Area in
sq. km 		Population
in 2003
Ba'quba بعقوبة 1,630 467,895
Al-Muqdadiya المقدادية 1,033 198,583
Khanaqin خانقين 3,512 160,379
Al-Khalis الخالص 2,994 255,889
Kifri كفري 1,139 42,010
Balad Ruz بلد روز 6,280 99,601
Mandali مندلي 47,796
Total 17,685 1,272,154

Cities, towns, and villages

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Infrastructure

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The Diyala Province boasts the Diyala Media Center which has one of the Middle East's tallest radio and television antennas at 349 metres (1,047 ft). The Diyala Media Center was built under contract by a Japanese architectural firm in 1989. It is one of Iraq's few independent radio and television stations that offer local television and radio news coverage as well as rebroadcasting state-run television.

Civil unrest/Iraq War

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There is evidence that Al-Qaeda in Iraq moved its base of operations from Anbar province to Diyala in 2006 and during late 2006, Baqubah and majority of the Diyala province were reported to have come under Sunni insurgent control.[10] This insurgent control is reported to have continued through 2007 and into early 2008.[11]

On May 11, 2007, Army Maj. Gen. Benjamin Mixon, commander of the Multi-National Division North said he needed more troops in order to contain the current level of violence in the Diyala province, this coming in the recent wake of a troop "surge", involuntary recalls by the U.S. military, and the public debate about the level of commitment from the U.S. government.[12] By mid-2007 the Islamic State of Iraq, already holding Baqubah and most of the province under its control, declared its capital to be Baqubah. The Sunni insurgent group Ansar al-Islam was also active in the region around this time.

In June 2007, US forces launched Operation Arrowhead Ripper with night air assaults in Baqubah. By August 19, Baqubah was largely secured, although some insurgent presence remained in the city and surrounding areas.[citation needed] Fighting continued in the Diyala River valley but by the beginning of October, US and Iraqi forces held most of the province while the insurgents were in retreat to the north and west. On October 27 the Islamic State of Iraq attacked a police base in Baqubah, killing 28 Iraqi policemen and police recruits, showing that insurgent cells still remain in the province.[citation needed]

In January 2008 Operation Phantom Phoenix was launched in an attempt to eradicate the remaining insurgents following the Diyala campaign between 2006 and 2007.

Mid-2008 saw many changes in Diyala province with an increased effort by U.S. Forces and a substantial Iraqi Army presence, and in the Baqubah region, Islamic State of Iraq's activity was dramatically hampered, and the Sons of Iraq program served only to further weaken Islamic State in Iraq.

Declaration of autonomy

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In December 2011, the governing council in Diyala province declared itself a semi-autonomous region within Iraq.[13] This comes two months after Saladin Governorate made a similar declaration. The council in Diyala, using Article 119 of the Iraqi Constitution as justification, made the declaration because of suspicion of the Shi'a-dominated government of Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki. Unlike Salah ad Din province however, Diyala province is more ethnically and religiously mixed, and such an announcement led to the outbreak of protests in the province.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Sub-national HDI - Area Database". Global Data Lab. Retrieved 2018-09-13.
  2. ^ "The Governor of Diyala Briefed Sayyid Ammar alHakim about the Efforts Made to Bring Back the Displaced People and to Reconstruct the Province after Clearing It from Terrorism". Archived from the original on 2015-05-18. Retrieved 2015-05-10.
  3. ^ "Iraqi Deputy Governor Sentenced To Death for Armed Attacks - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East". www.al-monitor.com. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14.
  4. ^ Biggest Olive Groves in Middle East – in Diyala
  5. ^ "Diyala".
  6. ^ "الصفحة الرئيسية - الجهاز المركزي للاحصاء". www.cosit.gov.iq. Retrieved 2022-04-30.
  7. ^ COSIT (Central Organization for Statistics and Information Technology), Baghdad.
  8. ^ NGO Co-ordination Committee.
  9. ^ "Republic of iraq (IQ): Asia/Iraq/Diyala". Tageo.com. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  10. ^ Engel, Richard (December 27, 2006). "Reporting under al-Qaida control". Blogging Baghdad: The Untold Story. MSNBC. Archived from the original on January 19, 2016. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  11. ^ Engel, Richard (January 17, 2007). "Dangers of the Baghdad plan". Worldblog. MSNBC. Archived from the original on November 2, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  12. ^ "DoD Special Security Operations Briefing with Maj. Gen. Mixon from Iraq". News Transcript. U.S. Department of Defense. May 11, 2007. Retrieved 2007-05-28.
  13. ^ "Iraq's Diyala province demands semi-autonomous status". Xinhua. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
  14. ^ Hammoudi, Laith. "A second Iraqi province seeks autonomy from Baghdad". Miami Herald. Retrieved 15 December 2011.
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