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Joint Base Lewis–McChord

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Joint Base Lewis–McChord
Near Lakewood, Washington in the United States of America
A C-17A Globemaster III of the 62nd Airlift Wing loading army personnel at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, with Mount Rainier in the background.
A C-17A Globemaster III of the 62nd Airlift Wing loading army personnel at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, with Mount Rainier in the background.
JB Lewis-McChord is located in the United States
JB Lewis-McChord
JB Lewis-McChord
Location in the United States
Coordinates47°06′21″N 122°33′52″W / 47.10583°N 122.56444°W / 47.10583; -122.56444 (Joint Base Lewis-McChord-AR) (Army Base)
47°08′51″N 122°28′46″W / 47.14750°N 122.47944°W / 47.14750; -122.47944 (Joint Base Lewis-McChord-AF) (Air Base)
TypeUS military Joint Base
Site information
OwnerDepartment of Defense
OperatorUnited States Army
Controlled byUS Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM)
ConditionOperational
Websitehome.army.mil/lewis-mcchord/
Site history
Built1917 (as Fort Lewis) and 1927 (as Tacoma Field)
In use2010 (2010) (as Joint Base)
Garrison information
Current
commander		Colonel Phil Lamb (US Army)
Garrison
Airfield information
IdentifiersIATA: TCM, ICAO: KTCM, FAA LID: TCM
Elevation98.1 metres (322 ft) AMSL
Runways
Direction Length and surface
16/34 3,080.9 metres (10,108 ft) Asphalt/Concrete
Assault Strip 914.4 metres (3,000 ft) Asphalt
Other FacilitiesSee Gray Army Airfield for its airfield data.
Source: Federal Aviation Administration[1]

Joint Base Lewis–McChord (JBLM) is a U.S. military installation home to I Corps and 62nd Airlift Wing located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south-southwest of Tacoma, Washington under the jurisdiction of the United States Army Joint Base Headquarters, Joint Base Lewis–McChord. The facility is an amalgamation of the United States Army's Fort Lewis and the United States Air Force's McChord Air Force Base which merged on 1 February 2010 into a Joint Base as a result of Base Realignment and Closure Commission recommendations of 2005.

Joint Base Lewis–McChord is a training and mobilization center for all services and is the only Army power projection base west of the Rocky Mountains in the Continental United States. Its geographic location provides rapid access to the deepwater ports of Tacoma, Olympia, and Seattle for deploying equipment. Units can be deployed from McChord Field, and individuals and small groups can also use nearby Sea-Tac Airport. The strategic location of the base provides Air Force units with the ability to conduct combat and humanitarian airlift with the C-17 Globemaster III.[2]

Fort Lewis

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Fort Lewis is a United States Army base located 9.1 miles (14.6 km) south-southwest of Tacoma, Washington. Fort Lewis was merged with McChord Air Force Base on February 1, 2010 to form Joint Base Lewis–McChord.

Fort Lewis, named after Meriwether Lewis of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, was one of the largest and most modern military reservations in the United States, consisting of 87,000 acres (136 sq mi; 350 km2) of prairie land cut from the glacier-flattened Nisqually Plain. It is the premier military installation in the northwest and is the most requested duty station in the army.

Joint Base Lewis-McChord (Fort Lewis) is a major Army installation, with much of the 2nd Infantry Division in residence, along with Headquarters, 7th Infantry Division; 593rd Expeditionary Sustainment Command; 1st Special Forces Group; and 2nd Battalion, 75th Ranger Regiment. However, the Headquarters of the 7th Infantry Division is primarily a garrison management body. Fort Lewis's geographic location provides rapid access to the deep water ports of Tacoma, Olympia and Seattle for deploying equipment. Units can be deployed from McChord Field, and individuals and small groups can also use nearby Sea-Tac Airport. The strategic location of the base provide Air Force units with the ability to conduct combat and humanitarian airlifts with the C-17 Globemaster III.

Fort Lewis Major units

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Rifle confidence training
Pakistani Special Services Wing carrying FN F2000 rifles while on training at Fort Lewis, 23 July 2007.

The United States Army's I Corps commands most Army units at Joint Base Lewis-McChord, and conducts planning and liaison with other assigned active and Reserve component units in the continental United States. It is one of the active Army's contingency corps. I Corps stays prepared to deploy on short notice worldwide to command up to five divisions or a joint task force.[3]

In 1981, I Corps was reactivated at Fort Lewis. On 12 October 1999, General Eric K. Shinseki, Chief of Staff of the Army, announced I Corps would lead the acceleration of Army transformation, training and the initial creation of the first two Stryker Brigade Combat Teams at Fort Lewis.[3] Since 11 September 2001, I Corps and Fort Lewis assets have been active in providing support for Global War on Terrorism operations, including Operation Noble Eagle (Homeland Defense), Operation Enduring Freedom (Afghanistan) and the Iraq War.[3]

On 5 February 2004, Task Force Olympia was activated, as a sub-element of I Corps headquarters with the mission to command forward-deployed units in Iraq. This marked the first time that I Corps had forward soldiers in combat since the end of the Korean War. Task Force Olympia included units from all three components of the Army (Active, Reserve and National Guard) as well as Marine and Australian officers. Task Force Olympia's subordinate units included the 3rd Stryker Brigade Combat Team, 2nd Infantry Division, which deployed for Iraq on 8 November 2003, and returned to Fort Lewis after one year of combat duty, and the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division, which departed Fort Lewis on 15 September 2004, for one year and returned September 2005. On 1 June 2006, the 1st Brigade, 25th Infantry Division cased its colors and became the 2d Cavalry Regiment – Stryker Brigade Combat Team with its home station in Germany. A new unit then uncased the colors of its new designation on 1 June 2006 – the 4th Brigade, 2d Infantry Division.[3]

Subordinate units assigned to Fort Lewis are:

Special Operations Command (Airborne) (USASOC)

McChord Air Force Base

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The McChord Air Force Base (AFB) is a United States Air Force controlled base in the northwest United States, in Pierce County, Washington. South of Tacoma, McChord AFB is the home of the 62d Airlift Wing, Air Mobility Command, the airbase’s primary mission being worldwide strategic airlift.

The facility was consolidated with the U.S. Army's Fort Lewis on 1 February 2010 to become part of the Joint Base Lewis-McChord complex. This initiative was driven by the Base Realignment and Closure Round in 2005 and is designed to combine current infrastructure into one maximizing war fighting capability and efficiency, while saving taxpayer dollars.

62d Airlift Wing

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The 62nd Airlift Wing (62 AW) is the host unit at McChord AFB. It is assigned to the Eighteenth Air Force and is composed of more than 7,200 active duty military and civilian personnel. It is tasked with supporting worldwide combat and humanitarian airlift contingencies. Aircraft of the 62d fly around the globe, conducting airdrop training; it also carries out the Antarctic resupply missions.[4]

Components

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The 62d Operations Group flies the C-17 Globemaster III transport from McChord Field. It consists of three airlift squadrons and an Operations Support Squadron. Air Mobility Command

Other major units stationed at McChord Field are:

Air Force Special Operations Command

Air Force Reserve Command

  • 446th Mission Support Group
    • 446th Maintenance Group
    • 446th Aerospace Medicine Squadron
    • 446th Aeromedical Staging Squadron
    • 446th Maintenance Squadron

History

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Fort Lewis

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Main article: Fort Lewis (Washington)

In 1916, a combination of local civilian businessmen seeking the creation of a military base in the Puget Sound area and a military survey team approved a military post to be constructed near American Lake.[5] Businessmen and Washington voters approved a donation of the land near American Lake to the United States government. The base (then known as Camp Lewis) would serve as a vital training base for United States soldiers during World War I. This base would be known as one of the most well-managed and cheaply funded bases that were constructed during World War I.[6] Additional construction of the camp would officially commemorate a renaming of Camp Lewis to Fort Lewis in 1927.[7]

The construction of the base also included the seizure of Nisqually tribe reservation lands for their use as an artillery field. Legal seizure of the lands occurred through eminent domain and seizure, which resulted in tribal members being forced from their homes.[7][8]

Units trained at Fort Lewis would serve with distinction in both the Pacific and European theaters during World War II. Prisoner of war compounds were constructed to house German and Italian POWs until the end of the war. Fort Lewis units also participated in major operations in the modern-day, including Operation Just Cause and Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm.[9]

McChord Air Force Base

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Main article: McChord Field

McChord Air Force Base was originally named Tacoma Field in 1927 when a local voting measure voted to create a municipal airport. This airport would be purchased by the United States government in 1938 and renamed McChord Field in May 1938 in honor of Colonel William McChord, who had died in an aircraft accident in Virginia. The early work and construction of the base prior to the start of World War II occurred under the Works Projects Administration. McChord Field served as a critical piece of defense infrastructure during World War II, training bomber aircraft pilots who would participate in the allied invasion of Italy, southern France, and the Doolittle Raid. McChord Field became McChord Air Force Base in 1948 with the formation of the United States Air Force as a separate division of the armed forces from the United States Army.[10]

McChord Air Force Base served as an airlift base since the end of World War II. The base functions as a strategic airlift base participating in transport (such as in Operation Desert Shield), humanitarian (such as relief during 1992 typhoons, support during the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980, and support to New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina), and air defense roles (such as military interception in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks).[11]

Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base officially joined to form Joint Base Lewis McChord in 2010 following the apolitical Base Realignment and Closure Commissions recommendations in 2005.[12][13][14]

Geography and environment

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The large protected lands available to military reservations makes environmental protection significantly important worldwide.[15] Both Fort Lewis[16] and McChord Air Force Base[17] lands have been used as areas to conduct significant environmental studies. The use of military equipment on the base reservation contains the potential to damage environmental habitats.[18] United States military facilities have implemented and continue to implement practices that include environmental preservation and protections.[19]

Joint Base Headquarters

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The Joint Base Headquarters (JBHQ) operates the installation to support the warfighting units, their families and the extended military community. The mission of the JBHQ is to provide support to mission commanders and the joint base community, to serve as an enabler to the soldiers as they train and project America's combat power, and to make JBLM the station of choice for American soldiers and their families.[2]

With an Army joint base commander and an Air Force deputy joint base commander, the JBHQ supports the installation through directorates and agencies that provide a full range of city services and quality-of-life functions; everything from facility maintenance recreation and family programs to training support and emergency services.[2]

The major organizations that make up the bulk of the JBHQ include:

  • Directorates of Public Works: Logistics
  • Family and Morale, Welfare and Recreation
  • Human Resources; Emergency Services
  • Directorate of Plans, Training, Mobilization, and Security (DPTMS)

Additional staff offices that support the installation mission include the Joint Base Public Affairs Office, the Religious Support Office, the Resource Management Office, Equal Employment Opportunity Office, the Joint Base Safety Office and the Plans, Analysis and Integration Office. Other partners who work closely with the JBHQ include the Civilian Personnel Advisory Center, the Mission and Installation Contracting Command and Joint Personal Property Shipping Office.[2]

Two military units support the JBHQ

  • 627th Air Base Group
Provides command and control and administrative oversight to the Airmen who perform installation support duties on behalf of the Joint Base Commander.
  • Headquarters and Headquarters Company, JBLM
Provides administrative oversight to the Army personnel in the JBHQ and supports newly arrived soldiers during their in-processing period.

JBLM Service Members receive medical care through on-base facilities such as Madigan Army Medical Center, the Okubo Clinic, the Nisqually Clinic, and the McChord Clinic.

In 2010, Joint Base Lewis–McChord was called the U.S. military's "most troubled base" 2010 by Stars and Stripes newspaper.[20] By 2015, the base had changed its public image, winning recognition in the Army Communities of Excellence awards program with a Silver Award in 2012, and Bronze Awards in 2013 and 2014.

JBLM overview

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JBLM has two Senior Service Component Commanders, one Army (Commander, I Corps) and one Air Force (Commander, 62nd Airlift Wing), and has more than 45,000 service members and civilian workers. The post supports over 120,000 military retirees and more than 29,000 family members living both on and off post. The base has a total active population of nearly 210,000 inhabitants, making it the fourth largest military installment worldwide by population.[21] JBLM consists of four geographical areas, Lewis Main, Lewis North, McChord Field, and Yakima Training Center. Lewis Main, Lewis North and McChord Field cover over 86,000 acres (35,000 ha); while Yakima Training Center covers 324,000 acres (131,000 ha).[22]

JBLM Lewis Main, Lewis North and McChord Field have abundant high-quality, close-in training areas, including 115 live-fire ranges.[23] Additional training space is available at Yakima Training Center in eastern Washington, including maneuver areas and additional live-fire ranges.

In 2009, the former Fort Lewis Regional Correctional Facility was remodeled and renamed the Northwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility (NWJRCF). The facility houses minimum and medium security prisoners from all branches of the U.S. Armed Forces.[24][25][26]

JBLM Lewis North hosted the Leader Development and Assessment Course, a capstone program for the U.S. Army's ROTC program until it was relocated to Fort Knox, KY in 2014.[27]

Camp Murray (Washington National Guard) is adjacent to the post.

References

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  1. ^ "Airport Diagram – McChord Field (KTCM)" (PDF). Federal Aviation Administration. 5 December 2019. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d Joint Base Lewis–McChord website
  3. ^ a b c d Joint Base Lewis-McChord I Corps history[permanent dead link‍]
  4. ^ "62nd Airlift Wing". Archived from the original on 29 October 2020. Retrieved 12 March 2020.
  5. ^ Sailor, Craig (October 12, 2014). "Q&A: Military historian says Fort Lewis, WWI inextricably linked". The News Tribune. Archived from the original on May 22, 2018. Retrieved May 22, 2018.
  6. ^ Darley, Bolles, Thomas (1936). A Study In Mobilization: Camp Lewis, 1917-1918 (Thesis).{{cite thesis}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b "Fort Lewis, Part 1: 1917-1927". Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  8. ^ Richard., Kluger (2011). The bitter waters of Medicine Creek : a tragic clash between white and native America. New York: Vintage Books. ISBN 9780307388964. OCLC 745979811.
  9. ^ "Fort Lewis, Part 2: 1927-2010". Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  10. ^ "McChord Field, McChord Air Force Base, and Joint Base Lewis-McChord: Part 1". Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  11. ^ "McChord Field, McChord Air Force Base, and Joint Base Lewis-McChord: Part 2". Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  12. ^ "Fort Lewis and McChord Air Force Base merge to create Joint Base Lewis-McChord on October 1, 2010". Retrieved 2018-05-22.
  13. ^ Beaulier, Scott A.; Hall, Joshua C.; Lynch, Allen K. (December 2011). "The impact of political factors on military base closures". Journal of Economic Policy Reform. 14 (4): 333–342. doi:10.1080/17487870.2011.608536. ISSN 1748-7870. S2CID 153845159.
  14. ^ Ginsberg, Benjamin L.; King, James A.; Schaengold, Michael J.; Berteau, David J. (1994). "Waging Peace: A Practical Guide to Base Closures". Public Contract Law Journal. 23 (2): 169–206. JSTOR 25754127.
  15. ^ Colgan, Jeff D. (February 2018). "Climate Change and the Politics of Military Bases". Global Environmental Politics. 18 (1): 33–51. doi:10.1162/glep_a_00443. ISSN 1526-3800. S2CID 57560265.
  16. ^ Adams, Michael J.; Bury, R. Bruce; Swarts, Scott A. (1998). "Amphibians of the Fort Lewis Military Reservation, Washington: Sampling Techniques and Community Patterns". Northwestern Naturalist. 79 (1): 12–18. doi:10.2307/3536812. JSTOR 3536812.
  17. ^ Freed, Sanders; McAllister, Kelly (September 1, 2008). "Occurrence and Distribution of Mammals on the McChord Air Force Base, Washington". Environmental Practice. 10 (3): 116–124. doi:10.1017/S146604660808023X. S2CID 129539612.
  18. ^ Foster, Jeffrey R.; Ayers, Paul D.; Lombardi-Przybylowicz, Angela M.; Simmons, Katie (December 2006). "Initial effects of light armored vehicle use on grassland vegetation at Fort Lewis, Washington". Journal of Environmental Management. 81 (4): 315–322. doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2005.10.012. ISSN 0301-4797. PMID 16549228.
  19. ^ Steucke, Paul (December 1, 2000). "Public Sector Value of an ISO 14000 Certified Environmental Management System: The Fort Lewis Army Installation in Washington State". Environmental Practice. 2 (4): 288–290. doi:10.1017/S1466046600001757. S2CID 129443954.
  20. ^ Ratnam, Gopal. "Afghan Shooter's Base Hunkers Down Under International Focus". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on March 19, 2012. Retrieved 7 September 2012.
  21. ^ "The 5 Largest Military Bases in the World". AKS Military. 2016-03-16. Archived from the original on 2018-07-12. Retrieved 5 June 2017.
  22. ^ "History :: Joint Base Lewis-McChord".
  23. ^ "Range Support Branch".
  24. ^ "Joint Base Lewis-McChord".
  25. ^ "Ceremony marks new beginning for corrections facility on JBLM".
  26. ^ "Northwest Joint Regional Correctional Facility (NWJRCF) - Fort Lewis & Inmate Search - Fort Lewis, WA".
  27. ^ Mouze, Vickey. "Leader Development Assessment Course challenges Cadets, evaluates their potential". Army.mil. U.S. Army. Retrieved 21 September 2015.
Attribution

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

Further reading

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