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Rulers of the Chera dynasty

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For the Chera rulers of early historic south India, see Chera dynasty.
For the Perumal rulers of medieval Kerala, see Chera Perumals of Makotai.

The Rulers of the Chera dynasty can be

  • Rulers of early historic Chera polity
  • Medieval Chera rulers
    • Chera rulers from Vanchi Karur (Karur)
    • Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)

Rulers of early historic Chera polity

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A Chera coin with legend "Makkothai"
A Chera coin with legend "Kuttuvan Kothai"

From early historic inscriptions

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  • Ko Athan Chel Irumporai (Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan)[1]
  • Perum Kadungon (Perum Cheral Irumporai)[1]
  • Kadungon Ilam Kadungo (Ilam Cheral Irumporai)[1]
  • Kadummiputhra Chera[1]
  • Ko Athan[1]

From early historic coins

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Cheras from early Tamil poems

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Chera rulers from the decades of Pathitrupathu Collection.

  1. (missing)
  2. Imayavaramban Nedum Cheral Athan[3]
  3. Palyanai Chel Kezhu Kuttuvan[3]
  4. Narmudi Cheral[3]
  5. Chenguttuvan[3]
  6. Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan[3]
  7. Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan[3]
  8. Tagadur Erinta Perum Cheral Irumporai[3]
  9. Kudakko Ilam Cheral Irumporai[3]
  10. (missing)
Muchiri-Karur branch (around Muchiri)[3] Karur branch (Kongu area)[3]
Clan or line name: Porai[3] or Irumporai[1]
Imayavaramban Nedum Cheral Athan[3] Anthuvan[3]
Palyanai Chel Kezhu Kuttuvan[3] Chelva Kadungo Vazhi Athan[3] Ko Athan Chel Irumporai[1]
Narmudi Cheral[3] Tagadur Erinta Perum Cheral Irumporai[3] Perum Kadungon[1]
Chenguttuvan[3] Kudakko Ilam Cheral Irumporai[3] Kadungon Ilam Kadungo[1]
Adu Kottu Pattu Cheral Athan[3]

The following Cheras are knowns other early Tamil collections (some of the names are re-duplications).[4]

Medieval Chera rulers

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Chera rulers from Karur (Kongu Cheras)

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  • Vira Chola Kalimurkka[10]
  • Kalimurkka Vikrama Chola[10]
  • Kerala Kesari Adhirajaraja Deva[16][8]

Chera rulers from Mahodayapuram (Kodungallur)

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mahadevan, Iravatham (2003). Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Centuy AD. Harvard Oriental Series. Cre-A and Harvard University. pp. 117–119 and 62–63.
  2. ^ Majumdar, Susmita Basu (2017). "Money Matters: Indigenous and Foreign Coins in the Malabar Coast". In Mathew, K. S. (ed.). Imperial Rome, Indian Ocean Regions and Muziris: New Perspectives on Maritime Trade. Routledge. pp. 407–408.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Subbarayalu, Y. (2014). "Early Tamil Polity". In Noburu, Karashima (ed.). A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 48–52.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Aiyar, K. G. Sesha (1937). "Udiyan Ceralatan". Chera Kings of the Sangam Period. London: Luzac and Co. pp. 04–05.
  5. ^ a b c d Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 248–49.
  6. ^ a b Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.
  7. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 270–71 and 262–63.
  8. ^ a b c d e Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 80-81.
  9. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 255–56.
  10. ^ a b Ramamurthy, A. (1986). Mahalingam, N. (ed.). History of Kongu: Pre-historic Period to 1300 AD. Madras: ISIAC. pp. 279–80 and 340.
  11. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 136.
  12. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 304-05 and 322-23.
  13. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 116-117 and 136.
  14. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 121-122.
  15. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 140.
  16. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. Perumāḷs of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks, 2013 [1972]. 63.
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Devadevan, Manu V. (2020). "Changes in Land Relations and the Changing Fortunes of the Cēra State". The 'Early Medieval' Origins of India. Cambridge University Press. p. 122. ISBN 9781108494571.
  18. ^ a b Karashima, Noboru, ed. (2014). "States in Deccan and Kerala". A Concise History of South India: Issues and Interpretations. Oxford University Press. pp. 146–47. ISBN 978-0-19-809977-2.
  19. ^ Veluthat, Kesavan (2023). "Sthāṇu Ravi". The Encyclopedia of Ancient History: Asia and Africa. Wiley. doi:10.1002/9781119399919.eahaa00527. ISBN 978-1-119-39991-9.
  20. ^ Narayanan, M. G. S. (2013) [1972]. "Index to Chera Inscriptions". Perumals of Kerala. Thrissur (Kerala): CosmoBooks. pp. 466–67.
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