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List of ships sunk by submarines by death toll

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Heavy casualties occurred when submarines sank large passenger ships converted into military transports, such as the Wilhelm Gustloff, that were overloaded with soldiers, prisoners, or refugees.

While submarines were invented centuries ago, development of self-propelled torpedoes during the latter half of the 19th century dramatically increased the effectiveness of military submarines.

Initial submarine scouting patrols against surface warships sank several cruisers during the first month of World War I. Incidental submarine encounters with merchant ships were performed by signalling ships to stop, then sinking them after evacuation of the crew, in accordance with international law. After unrestricted submarine warfare began in February 1915, any ship could be sunk unexpectedly from the heavy underwater hull damage inflicted by torpedoes. Many large ships sank without their crews being able to alert friendly forces in time, and the submarines which sank them were too small to rescue more than a few survivors.[1]

Many personnel casualties continued through World War II, and there have been a few later sinkings.

List of ships sunk by submarines by death tolls exceeding 150

[edit]
Deaths Name Type National affiliation Date Submarine National affiliation
9,343[2] Wilhelm Gustloff Cruise ship converted into a military transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany 30 January 1945 S-13  Soviet Union
6,500[3] Goya Freighter converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany 16 April 1945 L-3  Soviet Union
5,620[4] Junyō Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 18 September 1944 HMS Tradewind  United Kingdom
5,400[5] Toyama Maru Troopship  Japan 29 June 1944 USS Sturgeon  United States
4,998[6] Ryusei Maru Troopship  Japan 24 February 1944 USS Rasher  United States
4,406-4,755[7] Tamatsu Maru Troopship  Japan 19 August 1944 USS Spadefish  United States
3,608[8] General von Steuben Ocean liner converted into a troop transport serving as evacuation ship  Germany 10 February 1945 S-13  Soviet Union
3,546[9] Mayasan Maru Troopship  Japan 18 November 1944 USS Picuda  United States
3,219[10] Nikkin Maru Troopship  Japan 30 June 1944 USS Tang  United States
3,000[6] Tango Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 24 February 1944 USS Rasher  United States
2,765[11] Lima Maru [ja] Troopship  Japan 8 February 1944 USS Snook  United States
2,670[5] Petrella Prisoner transport  Germany 8 February 1944 HMS Sportsman  United Kingdom
2,665[7] Teia Maru Troopship  Japan 19 August 1944 USS Rasher  United States
2,649[12] Yoshida Maru No. 1 Troopship  Japan 26 April 1944 USS Jack  United States
2,495[13] Yoshino Maru Troopship  Japan 31 July 1944 USS Parche  United States
2,475[13] Sakito Maru Troopship  Japan 1 March 1944 USS Trout  United States
2,246[9] Akitsu Maru Escort carrier operated by the Imperial Japanese Army  Japan 14 November 1944 USS Queenfish  United States
2,134[14] Hawaii Maru Troopship  Japan 2 December 1944 USS Sea Devil  United States
2,113[15] Edogawa Maru Troopship  Japan 17 November 1944 USS Sunfish  United States
2,089[16] Dainichi Maru Troopship  Japan 8 October 1943 USS Gurnard  United States
2,035[14] Kamakura Maru Troopship  Japan 28 April 1943 USS Gudgeon  United States
2,008[17] Awa Maru Ocean liner  Japan 1 April 1945 USS Queenfish  United States
2,000[5] Ural Maru Ocean liner  Japan 27 September 1944 USS Flasher  United States
2,000[18] Salzburg Transport ship serving as prisoner transport  Germany 1 October 1942 M-118  Soviet Union
1,934[13] Nichiren Maru Troopship  Japan 16 March 1944 USS Tautog  United States
1,926[19] Principe Umberto Troopship  Italy 8 June 1916 SM U-5  Austria-Hungary
1,773[20] Arisan Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 24 October 1944 USS Snook or USS Shark  United States
1,747[13] Arabia Maru Troopship  Japan 18 October 1944 USS Bluegill  United States
1,704[13] Denmark Maru Troopship  Japan 16 January 1944 USS Whale  United States
1,658[21] Laconia Ocean liner/Troopship  United Kingdom 12 September 1942 U-156  Germany
1,650[22] Taihō Aircraft carrier  Japan 19 June 1944 USS Albacore  United States
1,602[13] Daisyō Maru Troopship  Japan 26 October 1944 USS Drum  United States
1,576[13] Marei Maru Troopship  Japan 25 January 1945 USS Silversides  United States
1,540[6] Kōshū Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 4 August 1944 USS Ray  United States
1,539[13] Kenzui Maru Troopship  Japan 23 December 1944 USS Blenny  United States
1,529[23] Tsushima Maru Cargo liner serving as evacuation ship  Japan 22 August 1944 USS Bowfin  United States
1,471[13] Jinyō Maru Troopship  Japan 7 December 1944 USS Trepang  United States
1,451[13] Hakuyo Maru Troopship  Japan 25 October 1944 USS Seal  United States
1,450[13] Maebashi Maru Troopship  Japan 30 September 1943 USS Pogy  United States
1,435[14] Shinano Aircraft carrier  Japan 29 November 1944 USS Archerfish  United States
1,428[13] Shiranesan Maru Troopship  Japan 19 October 1944 USS Raton  United States
1,400[14] Tatsuta Maru Troopship  Japan 9 February 1943 USS Tarpon  United States
1,394[14] Mizuho Maru Troopship  Japan 21 September 1944 USS Redfish  United States
1,384[14] Fuso Maru Troopship  Japan 31 July 1944 USS Steelhead  United States
1,338[24] Gallia Troopship  France 8 October 1916 SM U-35  Germany
1,310[14] Awata Maru Troopship  Japan 22 October 1943 USS Grayback  United States
1,300 Ashigara Heavy cruiser  Japan 8 June 1945 HMS Trenchant  United Kingdom
1,291[25] Conte Rosso Troopship  Italy 24 May 1941 HMS Upholder  United Kingdom
1,279[26] Khedive Ismail Troopship  United Kingdom 12 February 1944 I-27  Japan
1,273[14] Tsuyama Maru Troopship  Japan 2 October 1944 USS Pomfret  United States
1,272[14] Shōkaku Aircraft carrier  Japan 19 June 1944 USS Cavalla  United States
1,262[14] Nichiran Maru Troopship  Japan 12 July 1944 USS Piranha  United States
1,250[14] Chūyō Escort carrier  Japan 4 December 1943 USS Sailfish  United States
1,240[14] Unryū Aircraft carrier  Japan 19 December 1944 USS Redfish  United States
1,197[27] Lusitania Ocean liner  United Kingdom 7 May 1915 SM U-20  Germany
1,200[6] Takachiho Maru [ja] Ocean liner  Japan 19 March 1943 USS Kingfish  United States
1,200[28] Kongō Battleship or battlecruiser  Japan 21 November 1944 USS Sealion  United States
1,188[29] Yasukuni Maru Troopship  Japan 24 January 1944 USS Trigger  United States
1,184[13] Rashin Maru Troopship  Japan 8 August 1945 USS Pargo  United States
1,159[14] Rakuyo Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 12 September 1944 USS Sealion  United States
1,130[30] Shinyo Escort carrier  Japan 17 November 1944 USS Spadefish  United States
1,118[13] Hakozaki Maru Ocean liner  Japan 19 March 1945 USS Balao  United States
1,073[14] Fukuyo Maru Troopship  Japan 6 December 1944 USS Segundo  United States
1,053[31] Montevideo Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 1 July 1942 USS Sturgeon  United States
995[32] Galilea Troopship  Italy 28 March 1942 HMS Proteus  United Kingdom
956[14] Taihei Maru Troopship  Japan 9 July 1944 USS Sunfish  United States
935[33] HMT Royal Edward Troopship  United Kingdom 13 August 1915 SM UB-14  Germany
921[34] Città di Palermo Armed merchant cruiser serving as troopship  Italy 5 January 1942 HMS Proteus  United Kingdom
930[35] La Provence Troopship  France 26 February 1916 SM U-35  Germany
883[36] USS Indianapolis Heavy cruiser  United States 30 July 1945 I-58  Japan
880[37] Verona Troopship  Italy 11 May 1918 SM UC-52  Germany
870[38] Minas Troopship  Italy 15 February 1917 SM U-39  Germany
866[39][40] Scillin Cargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy 14 November 1942 HMS Sahib  United Kingdom
865[41] Arandora Star Ocean liner serving as POW ship  United Kingdom 2 July 1940 U-47  Germany
862[42] HMS Barham Battleship  United Kingdom 25 November 1941 U-331  Germany
856[43] Nova Scotia Troopship/POW ship  United Kingdom 28 November 1942 U-177  Germany
856[13] Tenryō Maru Troopship  Japan 29 May 1945 USS Sterlet  United States
846[44] Lisbon Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 1 October 1942 USS Grouper  United States
819[45] Leopoldville Troopship  Belgium 24 December 1944 U-486  Germany
817[14] Taiyō Maru [ja] Ocean liner  Japan 8 May 1942 USS Grenadier  United States
810[14] Akane Maru Troopship  Japan 6 October 1944 USS Whale  United States
800[25] Francesco Crispi Troopship  Italy 19 April 1943 HMS Saracen  United Kingdom
786[46] HMS Royal Oak Battleship  United Kingdom 14 October 1939 U-47  Germany
768[47] Struma Motor schooner  Panama 24 February 1942 Shch-213  Soviet Union
754[48] Athos Ocean liner  France 17 February 1917 SM U-65  Germany
747[14] Taiyō Escort carrier  Japan 18 August 1944 USS Rasher  United States
740[49] Le Calvados Troopship  France 4 November 1915 SM U-38  Germany
700[50] Shuntien Coastal merchant ship serving as POW ship  United Kingdom 23 December 1941 U-559  Germany
688[51] Shinyō Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 7 September 1944 USS Paddle  United States
686[13] Taisei Maru Troopship  Japan 19 April 1945 USS Sunfish  United States
684[52] Léon Gambetta Armored cruiser  France 27 April 1915 SM U-5  Austria-Hungary
683[53] USS Juneau Anti-Air cruiser  United States 13 November 1942 I-26  Japan
675[54] Dorchester Troopship  United States 3 February 1943 U-223  Germany
672[55] SMS Prinz Adalbert Armored cruiser  Germany 23 October 1915 HMS E8  United Kingdom
668[13] Nikkō Maru Passenger and cargo ship  Japan 9 April 1945 USS Tirante  United States
667[56] Taito Maru Cargo ship serving as evacuation ship  Japan 22 August 1945 L-12  Soviet Union
658[13] Tateyama Maru Troopship  Japan 1 March 1945 USS Sterlet  United States
656[13] Sanka Maru Troopship  Japan 10 March 1945 USS Kete  United States
654[57] Ceramic Ocean liner  United Kingdom 7 December 1942 U-515  Germany
648[58] Suffren Pre-dreadnought battleship  France 26 November 1916 SM U-52  Germany
644[59] USS Liscombe Bay Escort carrier  United States 24 November 1943 I-175  Japan
643[60] HMS Hampshire Armored cruiser  United Kingdom 5 June 1916 SM U-75  Germany
638[61] Sant Anna Troopship  France 11 May 1918 SM UC-54  Germany
638[62] Ogasawara Maru [ja] Cable layer serving as evacuation ship  Japan 22 August 1945 L-12  Soviet Union
615[6] Suez Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 29 November 1943 USS Bonefish  United States
611[63] Sidi-Bel-Abbès Troopship  France 20 April 1943 U-565  Germany
610[64] HMT Aragon Troopship  United Kingdom 30 December 1917 SM UC-34  Germany
599[65] America Maru Ocean liner serving as evacuation ship  Japan 6 March 1944 USS Nautilus  United States
597[66] Pallada Protected cruiser  Russia 11 October 1914 SM U-26  Germany
595[67] Tamahoko Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 24 June 1944 USS Tang  United States
574[68] Nigitsu Maru Depot ship serving as troopship  Japan 12 January 1944 USS Hake  United States
570[69] Trento Heavy cruiser  Italy 15 June 1942 HMS Umbra  United Kingdom
564[70] Leinster Irish Sea Ferry  United Kingdom 10 October 1918 SM UB-123  Germany
562[71] HMS Cressy Armored cruiser  United Kingdom 22 September 1914 SM U-9  Germany
555[72] Euterpe Troopship  Austria-Hungary 11 August 1918 F 7  Italy
547[73] HMS Formidable Pre-dreadnought battleship  United Kingdom 1 January 1915 SM U-24  Germany
544[74] Konron Maru [ja] Troopship  Japan 5 October 1943 USS Wahoo  United States
527[75] HMS Aboukir Armored cruiser  United Kingdom 22 September 1914 SM U-9  Germany
526[76] HMS Hawke Protected cruiser  United Kingdom 15 October 1914 SM U-9  Germany
523[12] Aden Maru Troopship  Japan 6 May 1944 USS Gurnard  United States
518[46] HMS Courageous Aircraft carrier  United Kingdom 17 September 1939 U-29  Germany
514[77] HMS Avenger Escort carrier  United Kingdom 15 November 1942 U-155  Germany
503[13] Nankin Maru Troopship  Japan 17 March 1945 USS Spot  United States
500~[78] Rooseboom Troopship  Netherlands 1 March 1942 I-59  Japan
497[79] Tembien Cargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy 27 February 1942 HMS Upholder  United Kingdom
488[14] Kachidoki Maru [ja] Prisoner transport  Japan 12 September 1944 USS Pampanito  United States
484[80] Yoma Troopship  United Kingdom 17 June 1943 U-81  Germany
484[81][82] Armando Diaz Light cruiser  Italy 25 February 1941 HMS Upright  United Kingdom
470[83] HMS Galatea Light cruiser  United Kingdom 14 December 1941 U-557  Germany
461[6] Ikoma Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 20 January 1944 USS Seahorse  United States
452[14] Kenjo Maru Troopship  Japan 7 December 1944 USS Razorback  United States
450[84] Bahia Laura Troopship  Germany 30 August 1941 HMS Trident  United Kingdom
450[85] Tama Light cruiser  Japan 20 October 1944 USS Jallao  United States
448[15] Seisho Maru Troopship  Japan 18 November 1944 USS Sunfish  United States
440[86] Asama Maru Prisoner transport  Japan 1 November 1944 USS Atule  United States
436[87] Djemnah Ocean liner  France 14 July 1918 SM UB-105  Germany
432[88] Città di Messina Troopship  Italy 12 January 1941 HMS Regent  United Kingdom
419[89] HMS Dunedin Light cruiser  United Kingdom 24 November 1941 U-124  Germany
417[90] HMS Penelope Light cruiser  United Kingdom 18 February 1944 U-410  Germany
414[91] Transylvania Troopship  United Kingdom 4 May 1917 SM U-63  Germany
400[92] Balkan Troopship  France 16 August 1918 SM UB-48  Germany
392[93] Empress of Canada Troopship  United Kingdom 13 March 1943 Leonardo da Vinci  Italy
381[94] Giovanni delle Bande Nere Light cruiser  Italy 1 April 1942 HMS Urge  United Kingdom
379[95] Brazza Ocean liner  France 28 May 1940 U-37  Germany
375[96] HMS Hogue Armored cruiser  United Kingdom 22 September 1914 SM U-9  Germany
374[97] Amiral Charner Armored cruiser  France 8 February 1916 SM U-21  Germany
373[98] Marina Raskova Merchant ship  Soviet Union 13 August 1944 U-365  Germany
369[99] HMS Fidelity Q-ship  United Kingdom 30 December 1942 U-435  Germany
364[100] Doggerbank Blockade runner  Germany 3 March 1943 U-43  Germany
362[101] Abosso Ocean liner  United Kingdom 29 October 1942 U-575  Germany
360[102] Calabria Cargo and passenger liner  United Kingdom 8 December 1940 U-103  Germany
360[103] Almeda Star Ocean liner  United Kingdom 17 January 1941 U-96  Germany
360[104] Atago Heavy cruiser  Japan 23 October 1944 USS Darter  United States
349[105] Nagara Light cruiser  Japan 7 August 1944 USS Croaker  United States
344[106] Medjerda Troopship  France 11 May 1917 SM U-34  Germany
343[107] Emma Cargo ship/Troopship  Italy 16 January 1943 HMS Splendid  United Kingdom
336[108] Maya Heavy cruiser  Japan 23 October 1944 USS Dace  United States
336[109] Diana Aviso/Sloop  Italy 29 June 1942 HMS Thrasher  United Kingdom
334[110] Persia Ocean liner  United Kingdom 30 December 1915 SM U-38  Germany
330[111] Natori Light cruiser  Japan 18 August 1944 USS Hardhead  United States
323[112] ARA General Belgrano Light cruiser  Argentina 2 May 1982 HMS Conqueror  United Kingdom
320[113] Sebastiano Venier Cargo ship serving as POW ship  Italy 9 December 1941 HMS Porpoise  United Kingdom
307[6] Urakaze Destroyer  Japan 21 November 1944 USS Sealion II  United States
305[6] Mefküre Motor schooner  Turkey 5 August 1944 Shch-215  Soviet Union
300[114] Andrea Sgarallino Passenger ship  Italy 22 September 1943 HMS Uproar  United Kingdom
272[115] Henry R. Mallory Troopship  United States 7 February 1943 U-402  Germany
270[116] Baependy Cargo liner  Brazil 15 August 1942 U-507  Germany
268[117] AHS Centaur Hospital ship  Australia 14 May 1943 I-177  Japan
258 City of Benares Ocean liner serving as child evacuation ship  United Kingdom 17 September 1940 U-48  Germany
226 Yamakaze Destroyer  Japan 25 June 1942 USS Nautilus  United States
194[118] INS Khukri Frigate  India 9 December 1971 PNS Hangor  Pakistan
193[119] USS Wasp Aircraft carrier  United States 15 September 1942 I-19  Japan

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  74. ^ Cressman, Robert J. (2000). The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 185. ISBN 1-55750-149-1.
  75. ^ "Aboukir". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  76. ^ "Hawke". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  77. ^ "HMS Avenger (D14)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  78. ^ "SS Rooseboom (+1942)". WreckSite. 4 November 2012.
  79. ^ Giorgerini, Giorgio. La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina tra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943 (in Italian). p. 519.
  80. ^ "Yoma". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  81. ^ "Ritrovato il relitto dell'incrociatore Diaz". Giornale di Vicenza (in Italian). Luca Valente. 13 April 2005. Archived from the original on 5 January 2014.
  82. ^ Other sources (Giorgio Giorgerini, La guerra italiana sul mare. La Marina fra vittoria e sconfitta 1940–1943, and Gianni Rocca, Fucilate gli ammiragli. La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale) says 500 victims, other 464.
  83. ^ "HMS Galatea (71)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  84. ^ "Prince Line". The Merchant Navy Association. Retrieved 28 February 2012.
  85. ^ Hackett, Robert; Kingsepp, Sander (1997–2012). "IJN Light Cruiser Tama: Tabular Record of Movement". Stories and Battle Histories of the IJN's Cruiser Force. combinedfleet.com.
  86. ^ Pocock, Michael W (27 December 2007). "Asama Maru (1929)". MaritimeQuest.
  87. ^ "Djemnah". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  88. ^ "Città di Messina". conlapelleappesaaunchiodo.blogspot.it. Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  89. ^ "HMS Dunedin (D93)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  90. ^ "HMS Penelope (97)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  91. ^ "SS Transylvania". Clydebuilt. Archived from the original on 7 January 2006. Retrieved 1 April 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  92. ^ "Balkan". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  93. ^ Jordan, Roger (2006). The World's Merchant Fleets, 1939: The Particulars And Wartime Fates of 6,000 Ships. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 110. ISBN 1-59114-959-2.
  94. ^ "Vita operativa degli incrociatori". Rome: Edizioni dell'Ateneo & Bizzarri. 1979.
  95. ^ "Brazza". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  96. ^ "Hogue". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  97. ^ "Amiral Charner". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  98. ^ "Marina Raskova". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  99. ^ "HMS Fidelity (D57)". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  100. ^ "Doggerbank". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  101. ^ "Abosso". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  102. ^ "Calabria". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  103. ^ "Almeda Star". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  104. ^ Blair, Clay (1975). Silent Victory. J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 730.
  105. ^ "IJN Nagara: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  106. ^ "Medjerda". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  107. ^ Rocca, Gianni. Fucilate gli ammiragli: La tragedia della Marina italiana nella seconda guerra mondiale. pp. 273–274.
  108. ^ Dull, Paul S. (1978). A Battle History of the Imperial Japanese Navy (1941–1945). Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press. p. 328.
  109. ^ Cernuschi, Enrico; Brescia, Maurizio; Bagnasco, Erminio. Le navi ospedale italiane 1935–1945. p. 44.
  110. ^ "Persia". Uboat.net. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  111. ^ "IJN Natori: Tabular Record of Movement". Combined Fleet. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  112. ^ "The sinking of the ARA General Belgrano". Bob Henneman. Retrieved 7 December 2010.
  113. ^ Kemble, Mine. "British Submarine HMS Porpoise". British Submarines of World War 2. Archived from the original on 26 October 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  114. ^ "L'affondamento dello Sgarallino" (PDF). Mucchio Selvaggio. pp. 49–52. Other sources say about 330 people were killed.[citation needed]
  115. ^ Arnold, Hague (2000). The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945. Naval Institute Press. p. 137. ISBN 1-55750-019-3.
  116. ^ Scheina, Robert L. "Latin America's Wars Volume II: The Age of the Professional Soldier, 1900-2001" Potomac Books, 2003. p. 161. ISBN 9781574884524
  117. ^ "Centaur (Hospital ship) | Australian War Memorial". www.awm.gov.au. Retrieved 20 March 2021.
  118. ^ "09/12/1971 – Submarine PNS Hangor Sinks INS Khukri". Retrieved 18 December 2017.
  119. ^ "USS Wasp (Wasp-class)". World War II Database.
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