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Israel Keyes

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Israel Keyes
2012 mugshot of Keyes taken at the Anchorage Correctional Complex
BornJanuary 7, 1978
Richmond, Utah, U.S.
DiedDecember 2, 2012(2012-12-02) (aged 34)
Anchorage, Alaska, U.S.
Cause of deathSuicide
Children1
Details
Victims3+[1]
Span of crimes
1996, 2001 – 2012
CountryUnited States
State(s)Alaska, New York, Vermont, Washington (confirmed)
Date apprehended
March 13, 2012
Imprisoned atAnchorage Correctional Complex, Anchorage, Alaska

Israel Keyes (January 7, 1978 – December 2, 2012) was an American serial killer, bank robber, burglar, arsonist, kidnapper, and sex offender. He murdered at least three people and committed dozens of other crimes across the United States from the late 1990s to February 2012.[2][3] Keyes was arrested in March 2012 and killed himself while awaiting trial. Evidence in his jail cell led the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) to suspect that Keyes murdered eleven people.[4]

Early life

[edit]

Childhood

[edit]

Israel Keyes was born in Richmond, Utah, on January 7, 1978, the second of ten children of Heidi Keyes (née Hakansson) and John Jeffrey "Jeff" Keyes (October 4, 1952 – November 13, 2002).[5] His parents were members of the LDS Church from Torrance, California and his father had been an LDS missionary in Germany.[6][7]

Keyes and his siblings were homeschooled until 1983. After leaving the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints, Keyes's father moved the family to a remote plot of land north of Colville, Washington in Stevens County when Keyes was 5.[7] Isolated from society, the family lived in a one-room cabin without electricity or running water on Rocky Creek Road.[8]

In Colville, the family attended services at a church called the Ark, which subscribed to white supremacist Christian Identity ideology.[5] Keyes later described the Ark as an Amish-like environment.[9] During this period of attending the Ark, the Keyes family befriended the neighboring family of Chevie Kehoe, who was later convicted for a 1996 triple murder.[10]

Adolescence

[edit]

The family attended another church in Colville called the Christian Israel Covenant Church that taught British Israelism as doctrine, that miscegenation was abominable and deviant, and that Anglo-Saxons were to rule over the perceived inferior races.[11] Keyes later alleged it to have been militia-like.[11] For years, some of the Keyes children were forced to sleep in a tent due to their cabin's small size and made to hunt their food, chop firewood, and work on local farms to support the family.[9] As a hobby, Keyes hunted "anything with a heartbeat"; he freely admitted to skinning a deer alive to his peers at the church. As a result, Keyes was ostracized by other children who attended the Christian Israel Covenant Church, with one girl recounting that Keyes's presence "made my skin crawl."[11]

"I've known since I was 14 that there were things that I thought were normal and [okay] that no one else seemed to think were normal and okay. So that's when I just started being a loner. [...] People found out about some of the stuff I did. Like my parents, and parents of other kids who would hang out with me. They would find out about some of the stuff I did. And that's when I just started doing stuff by myself exclusively."

Keyes during an interview with the FBI.[12]

As a youth, Keyes—who stood 6 ft 2 in (1.88 m) tall by age 14—admitted to shooting at neighbors' houses with his BB gun and starting fires in the woods.[9] He also broke into houses with another youth, who subsequently avoided Keyes after witnessing him shoot an animal.[13] On one occasion, Keyes stole several guns from his neighbor's residence and was forced to apologize by his parents after they discovered the cache.[9] Keyes would also sell stolen guns to local adults.[13]

Around this time, Keyes's parents provided shelter to personal friends; in the presence of their son and daughter and Keyes's sister, Keyes tied a cat to a tree with a parachute cord and gored it with a .22 revolver. The cat then began circling the tree before crashing into it and vomiting; Keyes allegedly chuckled before noting that the boy—who later informed his father—had vomited in response to the incident. Keyes had an epiphany in which he felt that he was different from his peers, who ran away from him.[11] Upon this realization, he kept his increasingly antisocial behavior to himself.[14][9][15] In addition, Keyes's mother began to notice "some troubling signs" in Keyes during this period, when he began tuning into various "radio stations and different things."[16]

By his teenage years, Keyes had become a skilled carpenter, building his first wooden cabin for his family at age 16.[5] He also worked for a Colville contractor from 1995 to 1997.[5] Around this time, Keyes kept a journal including Biblical quotations, documenting daily sins for which he felt shame, such as lusting after his girlfriend.[17] Later, the family relocated to Smyrna, Maine, where they collected sap for maple syrup production in a mostly Amish community. Due to their mother's religious zealousness, the Keyes children were forced to hide from their parents to watch movies with friends and were forbidden to learn musical instruments. Sometime during this period, Keyes renounced his Christian faith.[18]

Keyes declared his atheism to his parents—both of whom he had previously made tireless and constant efforts to please[17]—after an intense argument. This led them to evict Keyes for blasphemy; they then instructed his younger siblings, who looked up to Keyes, to never have contact with him again.[18] Keyes then became interested in Satanism, and planned to commit a ritualistic murder.[9]

Adulthood

[edit]

Deschutes River assault

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In the summer of 1997 or 1998, Keyes sexually assaulted a teenage girl who had been tubing with her friends down the Deschutes River in Maupin, Oregon. Keyes admitted that he stalked her from a tree line before "very violently sexually assaulting" the girl—whom he estimated to be between 14 and 18—at knifepoint. Originally planning to murder her as part of a Satanic ritual, Keyes let her go in the river tube he had abducted her from.[19] "I was too timid. I wasn't violent enough," he told investigators. "I made up my mind I was never going to let that happen again."

Military service

[edit]
Israel Keyes
Allegiance United States of America
Service / branchU.S Army
Years of service1998–2001
RankSpecialist
Unit5th Infantry Regiment, 25th Infantry Division

On July 9, 1998, Keyes relocated and enlisted in the United States Army in the state of New York, where he served as a Specialist in Alpha Company, 1st Battalion, 5th Infantry, 25th Infantry Division. He passed a month-long preliminary course for United States Army Rangers training.[20] He was stationed at Fort Lewis and Fort Hood, also spending some time abroad. While stationed in Sinai, Egypt, Keyes befriended several soldiers, informing one of them that he would "like to kill" him.[19]

While at Fort Lewis, Keyes served on a mortar team. Former Army friends of Keyes have noted his quiet demeanor and habit of keeping to himself. On weekends, he was reported to drink heavily, consuming entire bottles of his favorite drink, Wild Turkey bourbon;[21] in February 2001, Keyes was arrested in Thurston County for driving under the influence. Pursuant to a plea agreement, he was fined $350.[22] Keyes was also a fan of the hip hop duo Insane Clown Posse and displayed posters of the musical act in the barracks.[2]

Keyes was awarded an Army Achievement Medal for his service as a gunner and assistant gunner from December 1998 to July 2001. He was then honorably discharged and relocated to Neah Bay, Washington.[19] He lived in the Makah Reservation community of Neah Bay, on the Olympic Peninsula with his Native American girlfriend, who he had met online and subsequently had a daughter with.[23] In 2007, Keyes started a construction business in Alaska[24] called Keyes Construction, while working as a handyman, contractor, and construction worker.[7][25] Keyes also had ties to New York; he owned 10 acres (4.0 hectares) and a dilapidated cabin in the town of Constable.

Criminal history

[edit]

Keyes targeted random people all across the United States to avoid detection, planning for months before he committed a particular crime. He specifically frequented campgrounds and isolated locations. He claimed to only use guns when he had to and preferred strangulation; this was due to the pleasure he derived from witnessing victims lose consciousness in the struggle. He claimed to not kill children or parents of children, primarily because of his daughter, whom he feared finding out about him and his crimes.[15] However, police and FBI investigators were skeptical of this claim and suspected Keyes of killing several teenagers and children.[20]

Keyes did not admit to any murders during his three years in the United States Army, but he did admit attempting to rape a sex worker while on leave in Egypt and a college student he met while on leave in Israel.[20] He confessed to committing bank robberies in New York and Texas.[26] The FBI later confirmed that Keyes robbed the Community Bank branch in Tupper Lake, New York, in April 2009.[27] He also told authorities that he burglarized a Texas home and set it on fire.[3] An FBI report stated that Keyes burglarized twenty to thirty homes across the United States and robbed several banks between 2001 and 2012.

Keyes is believed to have begun killing in 2001 following his discharge from the Army. He is believed to have been responsible for as many as eleven deaths in the United States.[28] He planned murders long ahead of time and took action to avoid detection. Unlike most serial killers, he did not have a victim profile, stating that he chose victims randomly.[29] On his murder trips, he kept his mobile phone turned off and paid for items with cash. For the Currier murders, Keyes flew to Chicago, where he rented a car to drive 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) to Vermont. He then used a "murder kit" he had hidden two years earlier to execute the murders.[30]

Confessed victims

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During interviews with FBI agents and officials in Alaska, Keyes directly admitted to three murders whose identities were confirmed:

  • Keyes confessed to murdering 49-year-old William "Bill" Scott Currier and 55-year-old Lorraine Simonne Currier of Essex, Vermont.[31][32] Keyes broke into the Currier home on the night of June 8, 2011, and tied them up before driving them to an abandoned farmhouse where he shot Bill before sexually assaulting and strangling Lorraine. Their bodies have never been found.[33] Two years prior, Keyes hid a "murder kit" near the Currier home, which he later recovered and used during the crime. After the murders, he moved most of the kit's contents to a new hiding place in Parishville, New York, where they remained until after his arrest.[34]
  • Keyes' last confirmed victim was 18-year-old Samantha Tessla Koenig, a coffee booth employee in Anchorage, Alaska. Keyes kidnapped Koenig from her workplace on February 1, 2012, took her debit card and other property, sexually assaulted her, then killed her the following day. He left her body in a shed in his backyard and went to New Orleans, where he departed on a pre-booked two-week cruise with his family in the Gulf of Mexico. When he returned to Alaska, he removed Koenig's body from the shed, applied makeup to the corpse's face, sewed her eyes open with fishing line. He took a picture of a four-day-old issue of the Anchorage Daily News alongside her body, posed to appear that she was still alive. After demanding $30,000 in ransom, some of which was paid into Koenig's bank account, Keyes dismembered Koenig's body and disposed of it in Matanuska Lake, north of Anchorage.[29] Her remains were recovered by the FBI's Underwater Search and Evidence Response Team (USERT).

Possible victims

[edit]

Keyes hinted at other murders, and/or was a suspect in other murders that coincided with his whereabouts or matched his modus operandi. However, he was not definitively linked to these crimes and some of the victim identities are uncertain:

  • Julie Marie Harris, a 13-year-old Special Olympics medalist in skiing, disappeared on March 2, 1996, while waiting for a ride to a local church in Colville, Washington; her remains were found on April 26, 1997, in a wooded area a few miles away. A cause of death was not determined. Harris was a double amputee; her prosthetic feet were found by the Colville River a month after her disappearance. Keyes, then 18, lived in the area at the time and was questioned about her case after he was arrested in 2012, but he neither confirmed nor denied killing her.[35]
  • Cassandra "Cassie" Emerson, 12, another young girl from the Colville, Washington area, was reported missing after the remains of her mother, Marlene Kay Emerson, 29, were discovered in their burned-out trailer home on June 27, 1997; Cassie's remains were found in 1998 about thirteen miles from her home. Keyes did admit his first act of arson was with a trailer in Colville.[20]
  • Keyes admitted to investigators he had killed five people in Washington State, and was the subject of an active investigation by the state police and the FBI. Keyes claimed to have either buried or submerged a victim in a lake in Neah Bay, Washington between July and October 2001. A body was found, but this death was ruled accidental. He also confessed to the double homicide of a young couple which occurred between 2001 and 2005. According to Keyes, he beat the man to death and strangled the woman; he buried both of them. Between 2005 and 2006, Keyes said he had killed two further victims separately; one was apparently dumped in Lake Crescent, Washington. Keyes did not have a felony criminal record in Washington, although he had been stopped on two occasions for minor driving-related offenses. Authorities reviewed unsolved murder and missing persons cases to determine which, if any, may have been the work of Keyes.[22] In 2012, authorities identified a possible victim known only as Lewis County Jane Doe, who was a woman found in the Peterman Hill area in Morton, Washington on April 7, 2011, by a passing motorist. In 2022, the victim was formally identified but her identity was not publicly revealed.[36]
  • Keyes also confessed to at least one murder in New York State. In late 2012, authorities had not determined the identity, age, or sex of the victim, or when and where the murder may have occurred but regarded the confession as credible.[37]
  • Keyes is a suspect in a series of 2007 crimes by the "Boca Killer", who committed three known crimes associated with the Town Center at Boca Raton in Boca Raton, Florida.[20] The first case in the murder series was that of Randi Ann Malitz Gorenberg, 52, who on March 23, 2007, was abducted from the Boca Town Center Mall parking lot.[38][39] Within an hour, her body, which had two fatal bullet wounds, had been dumped at a different location. The second crime was the kidnapping of an unidentified woman and her toddler son from the same shopping mall parking lot on August 7, 2007. Though the kidnapper wore a mask and sunglasses, the victim caught glimpses of his face and described him as a tall, athletically built man with long hair, which generally matched Keyes's description. This woman was released unharmed after the assailant forced her to withdraw cash from an automated teller machine.[20] The third Boca case was the murder of Nancy Bochicchio, 47, and her 7-year-old daughter, Joey Bochicchio-Hauser, who were found fatally shot in their vehicle at the Boca Town Center Mall parking lot on December 12, 2007.[40][41]
  • Authorities believe Keyes may have murdered 48-year-old woman Debra Feldman, after discovering that he had frequently searched for her missing persons case on his computer shortly before his arrest.[42] Feldman was last seen at her apartment in Hackensack, New Jersey on April 8, 2009.[43] Her body has never been recovered. Federal agents showed Feldman's image to Keyes upon which he “hesitated, he waited,” and then said only, “I don’t want to talk about her yet.” It is suspected that Keyes buried her near Tupper Lake, New York.[44]
  • Keyes is a suspect in the murder of 58-year-old James "Jimmy" Lamar Tidwell Jr., an electrician who disappeared in Mount Enterprise, Texas on February 15, 2012.[20] He was last seen at 5:30 a.m. that day, after he had finished working the night shift. During a bank robbery in Azle, Texas on February 16, 2012, the culprit – believed to be Keyes – wore a white hard hat similar to Tidwell's.[20][45] Tidwell's hair also resembled a dark-haired wig worn by Keyes during the robbery. When interrogated, Keyes stated that his "wig" was, in fact, human hair. When asked where he had obtained the hair, Keyes said, "You don't have to buy real hair to get real hair."[20]

Study of serial killers

[edit]

A search of Keyes's residence found dozens of books about murders, both fiction and non-fiction. Keyes re-read Dean Koontz's 1995 thriller Intensity on several occasions and closely identified with the serial killer antagonist.[20] He closely studied Mindhunter: Inside the FBI's Elite Serial Crime Unit by FBI profiler John E. Douglas in his youth. Keyes also undertook a meticulous study of other serial killers. Keyes idolized Ted Bundy and felt that he shared many similarities with him. Both Keyes and Bundy were methodical and felt as though they possessed their victims despite their difference in victim choice and modus operandi.[30] Keyes went as far as imitating Bundy's court escape and was immediately seized by guards.

He also admired and studied other serial killers, yet actively shunned media attention for his crimes as he was fearful for his family and being labelled a "copycat" for his admiration of Bundy and other murderers.[46] Keyes called Dennis Rader a "wimp" for apologizing in court and showing remorse for his crimes,[15] but expressed admiration for serial killers "that haven't been caught."[47] When asked in an interview about Alaska-based murderer Robert Hansen, Keyes replied enthusiastically, stating, "Yeah, I know all about him." He continued: "I probably know every single serial killer that's ever been written about. It's kind of a hobby of mine."[48] When FBI agents informed him of the 2012 Aurora, Colorado shooting he inquired as to the status of the shooter and had expressed mild interest in the perpetrator, James Holmes.

Investigation, arrest, and imprisonment

[edit]

After Koenig's murder, Keyes demanded ransom money, and police were able to track withdrawals from her account as he moved throughout the southwestern U.S.[25] During that time, the police controversially refused to release surveillance video of Koenig's abduction.[49] Keyes was arrested by Texas Highway Patrol Corporal Bryan Henry and Texas Ranger Steven Rayburn in the parking lot of the Cotton Patch Café in Lufkin, Texas, on the morning of March 13, 2012.[50][51] Investigators had circulated a lookout bulletin for the suspect's car, which had been used at ATMs to withdraw money from Koenig's account. The officers stopped Keyes after he drove slightly over the speed limit[20] and searched his vehicle after they noticed cash stained with bright ink, indicating a dye pack from a bank robbery. Koenig's ATM card and cell phone were also discovered in Keyes's car.

Keyes was subsequently extradited to Alaska, where he confessed to the Koenig murder. He was represented by Rich Curtner, Federal Public Defender for Alaska. Keyes was indicted and his trial was scheduled to begin in March 2013.[52] While incarcerated, Keyes spoke to investigators several times over a period of months.[20] At first, he cooperated to an extent, confessing to some of his crimes, and stated a wish to be executed within a year. Keyes said he wanted to avoid publicity due to the negative attention his young daughter might face, but largely stopped cooperating after his identity was discussed in the media.[20] On Wednesday, May 23, 2012, Keyes attempted to escape during a routine hearing, using wood shavings from a pencil to pick his cuffs.[20] US Marshals used a taser to subdue him.

Suicide

[edit]

While being held in jail at the Anchorage Correctional Complex, Keyes managed to conceal a razor blade in his cell. It is uncertain how Keyes obtained the blade, as he was under security restrictions of using an electric razor under supervision.[20] He died by suicide on December 2, 2012, by cutting his wrists and attempted strangulation.[53][54][55] A suicide note found under his body consisted of an "ode to murder" but offered no clues about other possible victims.[56] In 2020, the FBI released the drawings of eleven skulls and one pentagram, which had been drawn in blood and found underneath Keyes' bed after his suicide. One of the drawings included the phrase "WE ARE ONE" written at the bottom. The FBI believes the number of skulls correlates with the total number of his victims.[57]

In media

[edit]

Keyes has been the subject of multiple books. Multiple true crime podcasts have discussed him, including True Crime Bullsh**, which focuses exclusively on Keyes and his victims. The podcast's name comes from one of Keyes' FBI interviews, when he mentioned "this true crime bullshit that people are obsessed with."[58] Keyes is also the subject of the documentary Method of a Serial Killer released in 2018 by the Oxygen channel.[59] Most of the FBI interrogations were released publicly by Anchorage Daily News to SoundCloud that same year. They were removed from SoundCloud in 2019 but have since become available on YouTube. Keyes was also the subject of the first season of the podcast Deviant which used interviews with Keyes, as well as original reporting and interviews with case agents, to tell the story of his crimes.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Callahan, Maureen (2019). American Predator: The Hunt for the Most Meticulous Serial Killer of the 21st Century. New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-525-42864-0.
  • Hunter, JT (2016). Devil in the Darkness: The True Story of Serial Killer Israel Keyes. Pedialaw Press. ISBN 978-0-578-70996-3.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Cobb, Branden (August 13, 2013). "Israel Keyes Update: Alaska serial killer linked to at least 11 deaths, FBI says". CBS News. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved March 31, 2014.
  2. ^ a b Cole, Clarissa (April 10, 2018). "Meet the Modern Man: Serial Killer, Israel Keyes". The Criminal Code. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  3. ^ a b Demer, Lisa (December 5, 2012). "Israel Keyes told investigator he let his first victim go". McClatchy DC. Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  4. ^ Sant, Peter (March 13, 2021). "FBI reveals new evidence in hopes of identifying unknown victims of serial killer". CBS News. Archived from the original on November 1, 2021. Retrieved December 4, 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d Hunter 2016, p. 131.
  6. ^ Callahan 2019, pp. 183–4.
  7. ^ a b c McAllister, Bill (January 28, 2013). "Few Details Known About Person of Interest in Koenig Abduction". archive.is webpage capture. Archived from the original on January 28, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2017.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ Callahan 2019, pp. 184–5.
  9. ^ a b c d e f Boots, Michelle (May 18, 2018). "Unsealed interviews detail two lives of Alaska serial killer Israel Keyes - Anchorage Daily News". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on August 4, 2020. Retrieved August 7, 2020.
  10. ^ "Alaska Serial Killer Attended Racist Church, Knew Terrorists". Southern Poverty Law Center. Archived from the original on July 9, 2020. Retrieved July 9, 2020.
  11. ^ a b c d "Watch Special Method of a Serial Killer". Oxygen. October 28, 2018. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  12. ^ Hunter 2016, pp. 164–165.
  13. ^ a b Hunter 2016, p. 164.
  14. ^ Hunter 2016, p. 165.
  15. ^ a b c DeMarban, Alex (December 7, 2012). "Alaska investigators say Keyes felt a high from serial killings". Anchorage Daily News.
  16. ^ Hunter 2016, p. 272.
  17. ^ a b Hunter 2016, p. 88.
  18. ^ a b Hunter 2016, p. 132.
  19. ^ a b c Hunter 2016, p. 133.
  20. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Maureen Callahan (2019). American Predator: The Hunt for the Most Meticulous Serial Killer of the 21st Century. Penguin Books, ISBN 978-0143129707
  21. ^ Smith, Benjamin (October 24, 2018). "Alaskan Serial Killer Israel Keyes: Murder Kits, Mind Games and Mysterious Crimes". Oxygen. Archived from the original on May 2, 2019. Retrieved May 2, 2019.
  22. ^ a b Carter, Mike (December 3, 2012). "Alleged serial killer's claim of 4 Washington state victims is being investigated". The Seattle Times. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  23. ^ "Former Colville resident, linked to 7 killings, commits suicide in jail". KXLY. Associated Press. December 3, 2012. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  24. ^ DeNinno, Nadine (December 3, 2012). "Serial Killer Found Dead: Israel Keyes, Samantha Koenig Murder Suspect, Commits Suicide In Jail". International Business Times. Archived from the original on June 20, 2015. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  25. ^ a b Pearce, Matt (December 5, 2012). "Attacks by suspected serial killer Israel Keyes followed a pattern". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 6, 2012. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  26. ^ D'oro, Rachel; Ring, Wison (December 3, 2012). "Israel Keyes, Admitted Alaska Serial Killer Found Dead, Linked To Slayings". HuffPost. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  27. ^ "FBI: Alaska murder suspect robbed northern NY bank". The Wall Street Journal. December 4, 2012. Archived from the original on February 9, 2013. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  28. ^ "FBI releases new details on Alaska serial killer Israel Keyes". Anchorage Daily News. August 12, 2013. Archived from the original on August 15, 2013. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
  29. ^ a b Van Sant, Peter (March 13, 2021). "FBI working to identify unknown victims of serial killer". CBS News. Archived from the original on March 14, 2021. Retrieved March 15, 2021 – via Yahoo.
  30. ^ a b Peters, Justin (December 10, 2012). "Was Israel Keyes the Most Meticulous Serial Killer of Modern Times?". Slate. Archived from the original on December 11, 2012. Retrieved December 10, 2012.
  31. ^ "William Scott Currier". The Charley Project.
  32. ^ "Lorraine Simonne Currier". The Charley Project.
  33. ^ Anderson, Ben (December 3, 2012). "After Israel Keyes' suicide, authorities open up about Vermont double murder". Alaska Dispatch. Archived from the original on December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  34. ^ Gorra, Charlie (December 7, 2012). "Israel Keyes stashed 'murder kit' in Essex before murders". WPTZ. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  35. ^ "Solving the murders of Israel Keyes". CBS News. March 11, 2021. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  36. ^ "1494UFWA". Doe Network. Retrieved April 4, 2022.
  37. ^ D'oro, Rachel (December 3, 2012). "Alaska Barista Slay Suspect Linked to NY Killing, 6 Others". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 3, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  38. ^ Jacobson, Kate. "Killer in unsolved 2007 Boca slayings bought plastic ties, duct tape in Miami-Dade, officials say". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  39. ^ Fooksman, Leon. "America's Most Wanted host: Serial killer at work in Boca". Sun-Sentinel.com. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  40. ^ Angel, Greg. "Have the murders of a mother and daughter shopping at a Boca mall gone cold?". WPEC. Archived from the original on January 9, 2018. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  41. ^ "Four years, no answers in Boca's Town Center murders". palmbeachpost. Archived from the original on July 28, 2017. Retrieved July 28, 2017.
  42. ^ "FBI: NJ Woman's Disappearance May Be Linked to Serial Killer". NBC New York. November 13, 2013.
  43. ^ "Debra J. Feldman". The Charley Project.
  44. ^ "FBI: Israel Keyes may have buried N.J. woman in Tupper Lake area". Adirondack Daily Enterprise. November 13, 2013. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  45. ^ "James Lamar Tidwell Jr". The Charley Project.
  46. ^ Pearce, Matt (December 11, 2012). "Israel Keyes studied serial killers, didn't want to be called one". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved March 3, 2022.
  47. ^ Hunter 2016, p. 245.
  48. ^ Hunter 2016, p. 195.
  49. ^ Allen, Corey (February 8, 2012). "Police Explain Why They Won't Release Video of Koenig Abduction". archive.is webpage capture. KTVA. Archived from the original on September 13, 2012. Retrieved October 6, 2017.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  50. ^ Grove, Casey (March 16, 2012). "Man arrested in Koenig case awaits transport to Alaska". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  51. ^ Cohen, Sharon (January 26, 2013). "Trying to unlock secrets of dead serial killer". Associated Press. Archived from the original on October 29, 2013. Retrieved October 22, 2013.
  52. ^ Demer, Lisa (December 2, 2012). "Israel Keyes dead in apparent suicide; suspected in Lower 48 deaths". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on October 7, 2017. Retrieved October 6, 2017.
  53. ^ Ridgway, Jessica (December 5, 2012). "Troopers Release Details about Israel Keyes' Suicide". KTUU-TV. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013.
  54. ^ D'oro, Rachel (December 3, 2012). "Man Charged in Barista Death Linked to 7 Killings". ABC News. Archived from the original on December 4, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  55. ^ Boots, Michelle Theriault (December 3, 2012). "Vt. murder investigator: Keyes 'a force of pure evil acting at random'". Anchorage Daily News. Archived from the original on December 5, 2012. Retrieved December 3, 2012.
  56. ^ Ng, Christina (February 6, 2013). "Serial Killer Israel Keyes' Suicide Letter Is Creepy Ode to Murder". ABC News. Archived from the original on July 12, 2020. Retrieved June 28, 2020.
  57. ^ "What do skulls drawn in Israel Keyes' blood mean?". CBS News. Archived from the original on May 19, 2020. Retrieved May 19, 2020.
  58. ^ Jochem, Greta (January 14, 2022). "True Crime Bullsh** podcast host Josh Hallmark delves into clues left behind by a mysterious serial killer". The Berkshire Eagle. New England Newspapers, Inc. Retrieved March 9, 2024.
  59. ^ Watts, Matthew (October 28, 2018), Method of a Serial Killer (Documentary), Glass Entertainment Group, retrieved March 27, 2022
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