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Paleobiota of the Posidonia Shale

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18x6 m fossilized floating wood (Agathoxylon), with Crinoids attached (Pentacrinites & Seirocrinus). It is one of the most emblematic fossils of the formation, where the anoxic seas of the lower toarcian lead to an exquisite preservation.
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The Sachrang Formation or "Posidonienschiefer" Formation (common name the "Posidonia Shale") is a geological formation of southwestern Germany, northern Switzerland, northwestern Austria, southeast Luxembourg and the Netherlands, that spans about 3 million years during the Early Jurassic period (early Toarcian stage). It is known for its detailed fossils, especially marine biota, listed below.[1] Composed mostly by black shale, the formation is a Lagerstätte, where fossils show exceptional preservation (Including exquisite soft tissues), with a thickness that varies from about 1 m to about 40 m on the Rhine level, being on the main quarry at Holzmaden between 5 and 14 m.[1] Some of the preserved material has been transformed into fossil hydrocarbon Jet, specially wood remains, used for jewelry.[2] The exceptional preservation seen on the Posidonia Shale has been studied since the late 1800s, finding that a cocktail of chemical and environmental factors let to such an impressive conservation of the marine fauna.[2] The most common theory is the changes in the oxygen level, where the different anoxic events of the Toarcian left oxygen-depleted bottom waters stopped scavengers to consume the dead bodies.[3]

Biological interactions

[edit]
Seirocrinus subsingularis stems over a branch
  • The "Monotis"-Dactylioceras bed shows an accumulation of the bivalves Meleagrinella substriata and the ammonite Dactylioceras, that were the most abundant representatives of its group on the Altdorf region, and were probably washed to near epicontinental waters by a rapid event, or as result of a large succession of events.[4] This assemblage has been compared with modern Brazilian coastal mangroves and also linked to Tsunami events.[5]
Hybodus hauffianus with skin and Belemnnite traces
  • Within Ammonite shells, on Holzmaden, several empty shells of this have been found with associated decapodans inside.[6] This includes a possible member of the genus Paleastacus inside a chamber of a Harpoceras.[6] The Decapod is related to the family Erymidae, that are considered as possible bottom-dweller carnivorous or carrion feeders.[6] The associated fossil has several spherical structures that had been interpreted as decapod coprolites, implying that the animal lived for a long period on the shell.[6] More recent studies had recovered new data about the inquilinism of decapods inside ammonites, this time, however, recovering three Eryonoidea lobsters together within a body chamber.[7] The lobsters most likely used the ammonoid as some kind of shelter, maybe due to the shell being an ideal location to molt, protection against predators, source of food or that was used as a long-term shelter.[7] One key aspect found was that the muddy bottom was not suitable for burrowing, implying that the decapods look for a different shelter due to being unable to make their own.[7] Other biota are found related to the decayed Ammonite shells, such as serpulid annelids and bivalves, creating what was denominated as "benthic islands".[6]
  • Beyond trace fossils, several vertebrate specimens show associations with crustacean exoskeletal remains such as GPIT-PV-31586 and SMNS 58389 (Pachycormus macropterus) with necrophagous interaction as well SMNS 55934 (Stenopterygius quadriscissus) or SMNS 95401 (Metopacanthus sp.).[8]
  • The genus Clarkeiteuthis and its predatory behaviour, found associated with fishes of the genus Leptolepis.[9] Based on the position of prey and predator, was suggested that the cephalopods caught and killed the fishes while the schools still in well-oxygenated waters and then descended into oxygen-depleted water layers where the cephalopod suffocated and died attached to its prey.[9] Arms where contracted over the fish, probably quickly killing it by cutting its spine.[9]
  • Several Geotheutis have been reported with eumelanin preserved along with its ink sacs.[10]
  • A specimen of Jeletzkyteuthis found on Ohmden has appeared predating a Parabelopeltis. The association of this 2 genera shows the predatory behaviour of this group when lived on epicontinental seas, being rather different than extant Vampyromorphs.[11]
  • A Pabulite (fossilized meal when it never entered the digestive tract) was recovered on Holzmaden, being composed by an associated Passaloteuthis laevigata with its arms embracing an exuvia of a crustacean.[12] The own Belemnnite can be the remnant of a failed prey of a Hybodus, corroborating a possible tropic chain.[12]
Stenopterygius quadriscissus, mother with embryo
  • One of the most complex organism interactions on the Posidonia Shale where the crinoid megarafts, that group a wide variety of animals, creating large floating ecosystems.[13] The largest megaraft found measured 18 metres (59 ft), and is based on an Agathoxylon trunk, where different animals were attached.[13] The first attached animals would have been the growing community of oysters, bivalves and crinoids, that would suppose and small weight to the raft about 800 kilograms (1,800 lb).[13] The presence of this megaraft was in part possible due to the absence of marine wood worms, that destroy tree logs on less than 3 years along without the presence of modern raft wood predators (that appeared on the Bathonian) those rafts can last up to 5 years, being that the main reason the crinoids attached were able to reach huge sizes.[13] Probably where also essential to distribute animals along the sea basins.[13] Seirocrinus & Pentacrinites where various of the main crinoid colonizers of the floating rafts.[14] Seirocrinus is the main representative of the pelagic crinoids, being among the tallest animals know, with a size of 26 m the largest documented specimen.[14] The ecology of the genus is widely known, where is known that the smallest stems were among the first animals to colonize the rafts, with at least 2 generations of crinoids found per raft, where the hydrodynamic changes of the log influenced the settlement of the crinoids.[14] It is believed that Seridocrinus had a seasonal reproduction, linked to the monsoonal conditions that sent new logs to the sea.[14] The large crinoids would have feed on pelagic micronutrients, and afer fall on the bottom, all the colony would have died.[14]
  • Thoracic cirripedes of the genus Toarcolepas became the oldest epiplanktonic cirripede known on the fossil record, probably motivated by the appearance of the giant crinoid rafts. It has been found in situ associated with fossil wood.[15]
Fossil of Clarkeiteuthis preying on Leptolepis
  • The shark Hybodus includes specimens with the gastric contents, being full of belemnnite fragments.[16] That implied active predatory behaviour by the genus of several kinds of belemnnites, such as Youngibelus.[16]
  • A Spienballen, a regurgitated mass composed of indigestible stomach contents had been found on the Holzmaden quarry.[17] The Speinballen measures 285 mm length with a diameter of 160 mm, and consists of 4 members of the genus Dapedium (Dapediidae) and a jaw identified as Lepidotes (Semionotidae).[17] The animals capable of it had been suggested as sharks like Hybodus, actinopterygians and several marine reptiles.[17]
  • A specimen of Pachycormus has been found with stomach contents that include hooks similar to the ones found on genera like Clarkeiteuthis.[18]
  • Another specimen of Pachycormus macropterus preserves an ammonite inside its gut, likely swallowed by accident and directly responsible for the fish’s death.[19]
  • SMNS 51144 (Saurostomus esocinus) was found with Chondrites isp. burrows in the abdominal cavity, what indicates a possible opportunistic scavenger. Other Chondrites isp. includes SMNS 17500 and MHH 1981/25 (Stenopterygius uniter) that can either suggest ichthyosaurs were preserved immediately below one such bioturbation horizon or scavenger association.[8]
  • The know specimens of Toarcocephalus are evidence of successful predation events, as the head of one was isolated likely as product of a decapitation and other preserved within a regurgitated mass.[20]
  • One of the most emblematic finds of the formation its that of a mother Stenopterygius giving birth living young. Specimens have been found with embryos, but with the bones of them scattered, partly beyond the body limits of the mother.[21] There have been various theories about this scenario: either the bones of embryos had been deposited before the body of the adult went to the sea floor, on its last moments sank to the bottom and may have struggled for life, given untimely birth to some of the foetuses and finally other option follows post mortem hydrostatic pressure too high to be prevented by the body, exploding or expelling its embryos first, that would be transported along latter.[22]
  • Specimen SMNS 53363 (Eurhinosaurus?) from Aichelberg was found with two encrusted large oysters (Liostrea) on the right pterygoid, considered to be part of a reef stage over bones.[8]
  • SMNS 80234 (Stenopterygius quadriscissus) represents another female with embryos, yet also shows ribs broken perimortem that can be either of intraspecific aggression or a predation attempt. This specimen has several taxa associated: ammonite aptychi and two ophiuroids (Sinosura brodiei) and a articulated echinoid (Diademopsis crinifera), indicating a short-lived deadfall community.[8]
  • SMNS 81841 (Stenopterygius quadriscissus) represents one of the most clear examples of deadfall communities described in the formation: the skeleton is associated with serpulids surrounded by a mass of disarticulated ophiuroid remains, indeterminate echinoid tests, an isolated crinoid ossicle, the byssate bivalve Oxytoma inaequivalvis, the pectinid Propeamussium pumilus, Eopecten strionatis, Plagiostoma sp., Meleagrinella sp., "Cucullaea" muensteri, with the genera Parainoceramya dubia and Liostrea associated with the carcass.[23] As many of this bivalves shown overgrowth likely the community persisted for some time.[23] Fossil traces of Gastrochaenolites isp. attributed to mechanical bivalve borers are abundant implicating prolonged exposure of the skeleton on the seafloor.[23]
  • SMNS 81719 (Stenopterygius uniter) includes Liostrea, Propeamussium pumilus, Plagiostoma sp. and Parainoceramya dubia, with other invertebrates found (?) not being part of the deadfall community, such as several ammonites and Parainoceramya valves stratigraphically below the specimen.[8] This specimen includes also traces of scavenging activity, possibly by crustaceans.[8]
  • SMNS 80113, (Stenopterygius triscissus) was found populated by Parainoceramya, a specimen of Eopecten strionatis and an unexpected specimen of the small infaunal lucinid Mesomiltha pumila, equivocal evidence for the sulfophilic stage.[8]
  • Local ichthyosaur soft tissues include skin enough well preserved to infer coloration and appearance on the living animal, as well evidence for homeothermy and crypsis.[24]
  • Gut contents of the local pterosaurs are know: Campylognathoides preserves hooks of the coeloid Clarkeiteuthis being the one of the few teuthophagous pterosaurs, while Dorygnathus preserves remains of Leptolepis.[25]

Microbial activity

[edit]

Non-fenestrate Stromatolite crusts formed in Aphotic deep-water environments during intervals of very low sedimentation are recovered in places such as Teufelsgraben, Hetzles.[26] The Stromatolites of this region have evidence of live on a deeper shelf environment with a quietwater deposit which suffered repeated phases of stagnant bottom waters, where a depth water habitat developed, probably at more than 100 meters depth.[26] There is a thin, southern widespread Stromatolite crust on the Top of the Sachrang Formation, called "Wittelshofener Bank", that has made rethink the depth of the major southern basin of the formation, where with the absence of phototrophic calcareous benthic organisms (probably due to the lack of light), shows the depth character of the basin.[26] On the "Wittelshofener Bank" there is also the only occurrence of Ooids, presumably formed in the same deep-water environment.[26]

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Frutexites[26]

  • F. arboriformis
  • Teufelsgraben, Hetzles

Possible traces of Microbial Activity

Probably related with Archaea activity.[26] Although Frutexites is a cryptic microfossil and an important element of many deep water stromatolites, with an Inorganic origin proposed, where are interpreted as dendritic shrubs to purely inorganic growth of Aragonitic crystals, but also resemble shrubs of the cyanobacteria Angulocellularia.[26] On the Posidonia a cryptoendopelitic mode of life is assumed, being only possible for Heterotrophic bacteria or Fungi.[26] As seen on the Stromatolites of the Posidonia, Frutexites acted mainly as a dweller or secondary binder of the deep-water stromatolites, not as their major constructor.[26]

Cyanobacteria

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes

Girvanella[27]

  • G. minuta
  • G. staminea
  • G. tucci
  • G. spp.
  • Chalhac
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Aselfingen
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Crypt laminites

A Cyanobacteria, member of the family Oscillatoriales. Girvanella is almost rock-forming in the Lower and Upper levels, and is very common, but can only rarely be detected in the bituminous clay marl slate due to conservation reasons.[27]

Rhizaria

[edit]

Foraminifera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Ammodiscus[28]

  • A. siliceus
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of the family Ammodiscinae inside Ammodiscina.

Annulina[28]

  • A. metemis
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Psammosphaerinae inside the family Psammosphaeridae.

Astacolus[27][28]

  • A. bochardi
  • A. primus
  • A. varians
  • A. matutina
  • Buttenheim
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Drawing of an Astacolus shell

Citharina[28]

  • C. gradata
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Cornuspira[27]

  • C. involvens
  • Buttenheim

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of Cornuspiridae inside the family Cornuspirida (Lagenina). Round-spiral shell morphology

Cyclogyra[28]

  • C. orbicula
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of the family Cornuspirinae inside Cornuspiridae.

Dentalina[27][29][28]

  • D. terquiemi
  • D. matutina
  • D. vetusta
  • D. subulata
  • D. integra
  • D. sp.
  • Buttenheim
  • Unterstürmig
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Nodosariidae inside the family Nodosariacea (Lagenina).

Flabellinella[27]

  • F. sp.
  • Buttenheim

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Frondicularia[28]

  • F. major
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of Frondiculariinae inside the family Nodosariidae (Lagenina).

Glomospira[28]

  • G. variabilis
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of the family Usbekistaniinae inside Ammodiscidae.

Ichthyolaria[27]

  • I. squamosa
  • I. sp.
  • Buttenheim

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of Ichthyolariidae inside the family Lagenina.

Involutina[28]

  • I. liassica
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of the family Involutinidae inside Involutinae.

Lenticulina[27][28][29]

  • L. acutiangulata
  • L. gottingensis
  • L. subalata
  • L. gottingensis
  • L. polygonata
  • L. sp.
  • Buttenheim
  • Unterstürmig
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Lingulina[29][28]

  • L. pupa
  • L. tenera
  • Unterstürmig
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of Lingulininae inside the family Nodosariidae (Lagenina).

Marginulina[29][28]

  • M. oolithica
  • M. prima
  • Unterstürmig
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Marginulininae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Nodosaria[28]

  • N. apheilolocula
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Nodosariidae inside the family Nodosariacea (Lagenina).

Palmula[28][27]

  • P. cuneiformis
  • P. liassica
  • P. securiformis
  • Buttenheim
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Pseudonodosaria[29][28]

  • P. melo
  • P. vulgata
  • P. multicostata
  • P. quinquecostata
  • Unterstürmig
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Nodosariidae inside the family Nodosariacea (Lagenina).

Reinholdella[27]

  • R. sp.
  • Buttenheim

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Ceratobuliminidae inside the family Robertinida.

Saracenaria[29]

  • S. aragonensis
  • Unterstürmig

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of Lenticulininae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Spiroplectamina[28]

  • S. sp.
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of the family Spiroplectammininae inside Spiroplectamminidae.

Trocholina[28]

  • T. umbo
  • Unken

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, member of the family Involutinidae inside Involutinae.

Vaginulina[27][29]

  • V. simplex
  • V. sp.
  • Buttenheim
  • Unterstürmig

Shells

A benthonic Foraminiferan, type member of Vaginulinidae inside the family Vaginulinida (Lagenina).

Dinoflagellata

[edit]

Dinoflagellate cysts

[edit]

The evolutionary burst of the Toarcian Dinoflajellates led the first appearance and rapid radiation of the Phallocystaceae (Susainium, Parvocysta, Phallocysta, Moesiodinium and related forms).[30] This occurred at the time of a widespread Lower Toarcian bituminous anoxia-derived shale of the Posidonienschiefer Formation. Is recovered on the Posidonienschiefer, Pozzale, Italy, Asturias, Spain, Bornholm, Denmark, the Lusitanian Basin of Portugal, the Jet Rock Formation in Yorkshire and to the "Schistes Carton" in northern France. Whether there is a causal connection in this co-occurrence of Phallocystaceae and bituminous facies is a problem still to be resolved. This family has its acme in diversity and quantity in the latest Toarcian and became less important in the Aalenian.[30]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Apodinium[31]

  • A. fioccosum
  • A. glabrum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Gomaringen
  • Aselfingen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Apodiniaceae. An Ectoparasitic dinoflagellate, whose hosts are normally Tunicates

Argentiella[31]

  • A. bifuminosa
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Scriniocassiaceae.

Balechiodinium[31]

  • B. concicum
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Scriniocassiaceae.

Comparodinium[32][33]

  • C. koessenium
  • C. lineatum
  • C. punctatum
  • C. scalatum
  • C. stipulatum
  • Gomaringen
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Comparodiniaceae.

Eyachia[31]

  • E. priscus
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Scriniocassiaceae.

Luehndea[34][33]

  • L. spinosa
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst, type member of Luehndeoideae. Luehndea spinosa is common on the medium layers of the lower Sachrang Formation, while restricted to some areas in younger ones.[34]

Mancodinium[34][33][34]

  • M. semitabulatum
  • M. sp.
  • Aselfingen
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Gomaringen
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst, type member of Mancodiniaceae.

Mendicodinium[33]

  • M. spinosum
  • M. sp.
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst, member of Dinophyceae.

Mikrocysta[33]

  • M. sp.
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst, member of Dollidiniaceae.

Moesiodinium[31]

  • M. cingulatum
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Heterocapsaceae.

Morgenrothia[31]

  • M. junior
  • M. tenera
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Heterocapsaceae.

Nannoceratopsis[34][33]

  • N. gracilis
  • N. senex
  • N. ridingii
  • N. tricornuta[32]
  • N.deflandrei
  • N. triceras
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Gomaringen
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst, member of Dinophyceae of the family Nannoceratopsiaceae. On the Lias Epsilon Interval (Lowermost Toarcian), most of the assemblages are dominated by Nannoceratopsis gracilis. Nannoceratopsis senex becomes highly abundant until the uppermost Tenuicostatum.[34]

Scriniocassis[31]

  • S. weberi
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Scriniocassiaceae.

Surculosphaeridium[35][36]

  • S. longifurcatum
  • Dobenwohr Hafgraben

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Gonyaulacaceae.

Susadinium[31]

  • S. cristatum
  • S. flaccum
  • S. saetosum
  • S. scrofoides
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Heterocapsaceae.

Parvocysta[31]

  • P. nasuta
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Heterocapsaceae.

Phallocysta[35][36]

  • P. minuta
  • Aselfingen
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Gomaringen

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Phallocysteae.

Valvaeodinium[34]

  • V. punctatum
  • Bisingen/Zimmern

Cysts

A Dinoflagellate cyst from the family Comparodiniaceae.

Algae

[edit]

Includes abundant variety of algae, such as the genus of colonial Green algae Botryococcus, or the unicellular algal bodies Tasmanites, and other small examples. Algae are a good reference for changes on the oxygen conditions along the Toarcian.[37]

Algae Acritarchs

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Cymatiosphaeropsis[38]

  • C. punctiferus
  • C. stigmatus
  • Schandelah

Cysts

An Acritarch probably from Algal origin. Related to open shelf deposits

Micrhystridium[34]

  • M. inconspicuum
  • M. spinuliferum
  • Bisingen/Zimmern

Cysts

An Acritarch probably from Algal origin. Its fossils indicate nearshore or estuarine to shallow lagoon and/or slightly brackish-water environments.

Pterosphaeridia[38][33]

  • P. undulata
  • P. eisenackii
  • P. intersignata
  • P. nodosa
  • P. pachytheca
  • Schandelah
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

An Acritarch probably from Algal origin. Related to open shelf deposits

Veryhachium[34]

  • V. brevispinum
  • Bisingen/Zimmern

Cysts

An Acritarch probably from Algal origin. It has high presence on most of the samples studied from the Sachrang Formation, being nearly the 50% of the Acritarch fraction on some locations.

Haptophyta

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Biscutum[39][28][40][41]

  • B. dubium
  • B. finchii
  • B. grandis
  • B. intermedium
  • B. novum
  • B. spp.
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

Type member of the family Biscutaceae inside Parhabdolithaceae.

Bussonius[40][41]

  • B. leufuensis
  • B. prinsii
  • B. spp.
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

A member of the family Watznaueriaceae inside Watznaueriales.

Carinolithus[40][41][42][43]

  • C. magharensis
  • C. poulnabronei
  • C. premagharensis
  • C. superbus
  • Holzmaden
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

Member of the family Calyculaceae inside Parhabdolithaceae.

Crepidolithus[39][40][41]

  • C. cantabriensis
  • C. cavus
  • C. crassus
  • C. crucifer
  • C. granulatus
  • C. pliensbachiensis
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

A member of the family Chiastozygaceae inside Eiffellithales.

Diductius[41]

  • D. constans
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah

Coccoliths

Member of the family Parhabdolithaceae inside Stephanolithiales.

Discorhabdus[40][41]

  • D. criotus
  • D. ignotus
  • D. striatus
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

Member of the family Biscutaceae inside Parhabdolithaceae.

Lotharingius[40][41][42]

  • L.barozii
  • L. crucicentralis
  • L. frodoi
  • L. hauffii
  • L. imprimus
  • L. primigenius
  • L. sigillatus
  • L. velatus
  • Holzmaden
  • Laatzen
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

A member of the family Watznaueriaceae inside Watznaueriales.

Mitrolithus[41][39]

  • M. elegans
  • M. jansae
  • M. lenticularis
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah

Coccoliths

A member of the family Parhabdolithaceae inside Stephanolithiales. The abundance drop of M. jansae further characterise the T-OAE perturbation, where becomes the dominant Genus on most of the Saxony Basin.

Diductius[41]

  • D. constans
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah

Coccoliths

Member of the family Parhabdolithaceae inside Stephanolithiales.

Orthogonoides[39][41]

  • O. hamiltoniae
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah

Coccoliths

Incertade Sedis

Schizosphaerella[39][40][41]

  • S. punctulata
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

Type member of the family Schizosphaerellaceae inside Parhabdolithaceae. Towards the Pliensbachian-Toarcian extincion this genus gets a decrease in abundance and size.

Similiscutum[39][41]

  • S. cruciulus
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah

Coccoliths

Member of the family Biscutaceae inside Podorhabdales.

Sollasites[40]

  • S. lowei
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

Member of the family Biscutaceae inside Podorhabdales.

Tubirhabdus[40][41]

  • T. patulus
  • Laatzen
  • Schandelah
  • Sachrang
  • Unken

Coccoliths

A member of the family Chiastozygaceae inside Eiffellithales.

Chlorophyta

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Botryococcus[38]

  • B. braunii
  • B. luteus
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

Type member of the family Botryococcaceae inside Trebouxiales. Freshwater or Deltaic Genus

Modern Botryococcus

Campenia[38][44]

  • C. minor
  • C. gigas
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of Prasinophyceae. A genus common on green clays and other upper strata on the formation.

Cymatiosphaera[34][38][44]

  • C. areolata
  • C. densisepta
  • C. punctifera
  • C. stigmata
  • C. tecta
  • C. pachytheca
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the family Pyramimonadales inside Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Dissiliodinium[35][36]

  • D. giganteum
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of Gonyaulacaceae inside Dinophyceae.

Granodiscus[38]

  • G. granulatus
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Halosphaeropsis[34]

  • H. liassica
  • Bisingen/Zimmern

Cysts

A member of the family Halosphaeraceae inside Chlorodendrales. Basinal deposits genus

Lancettopsis[38]

  • L. lanceolata
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Leiosphaera[34][38]

  • L. globosa
  • L. deflandrei
  • L. pusilla
  • Bisingen/Zimmern
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Nostocopsis[38]

  • N. saprolithica
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Palaeohystrichophora[35][36]

  • P. infusorioides
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of Peridiniaceae inside Dinophyceae.

Pleurozonaria[38][44]

  • P. globulus
  • P. chondrota
  • P. concinna
  • P. digitata
  • P. distans
  • P. diversipora
  • P. macropora
  • P. media
  • P. polyporosa
  • P. spongiosa
  • P. stellulata
  • P. suevica
  • P. wetzelii
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of Prasinophyceae. It is the main genus present on silt and sand horizons, trending to be absent on shale layers.

Scriniocassis[35][36]

  • S. limbatus
  • S. limbicavatus
  • S. priscus
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of Dinophyceae.

Tasmanites[38][44][33][45]

  • T. mourai
  • T. tardus
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Salem Borehole

Cysts

A member of Prasinophyceae. A genus common on green clays and other upper strata on the formation.

Tytthodiscus[38]

  • T. chondrotus
  • T. schandelahensis
  • T. suevicus
  • T. cf. suevicus
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Cysts

A member of the Prasinophyceae. Basinal deposits genus

Fungi

[edit]

Fungal Spores, hypae and undeterminated remains are a rare element of the otherwise openmarine deposits of the Posidonienschiefer formation, but where recovered at Dormettingen.[46] This fungal remains are composed mostly by indeterminate spores and indicate oxygenated environments and suitable transportation by rivers.[46]

Incertae sedis

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Ostracoblabe[47]

  • O. sp.
  • Holzmanden
  • Dotternhausen

Fungal patches in ammonite shells and belemnite rostra

A Marine parasitoid Fungus of uncertain relationships, linked with shells of marine invertebrates. Extant Ostracoblabe implexa is usually found associated with Bivalve shells as an external parasiotid. Beyond this genus, other fungal remains include indeterminate endolithic fungi linked with microbial mats

Ichnofossils

[edit]

The major ichnological analyses of the Posidonian Shale come from Dotternhausen/Dormettingen, where the ichnogenus Phymatoderma formed the so-called Tafelfleins and Seegrasschiefer.[48] The Tafelflein bed was deposited under anoxic bottom and pore water, where a recover of oxygen allow the Phymatoderma-producers return.[48] The two organic-rich layers (Tafelfleins and Seegrasschiefer) are characterized by the dense occurrence of trace fossils such as Chondrites and Phymatoderma, done episodically due to the fall of the oxygen levels.[48] The Coeval more nearshore Swiss deposits referred Posidonian Shale (Rietheim Member) hosted similar trace fossils asthose recovered on SW Germany.[48] Tougth this setting apparently evolved faster to more oxic-to-dysoxic bottom waters.[48] At Unken, laminated deposits of red limestone suggest well oxygenated active waters (as lack shale), where high amounts of Chondrites are found.[40]


Genus Species Location Material Made By Images

Chondrites[47][49][50]

  • C. bollensis
  • C. hechingensis
  • C. granulatus
  • C. furcatus
  • C. sp.
  • C.? sp.
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim

Burrowing and track ichnofossils

Illustration of Chondrites bollensis

Gastrochaenolites[23]

  • G. isp.
  • Schlierbach State Forest

Borings on bones

  • Bivalves
Example of Gastrochaenolites fossil

Planolites[47][49][51]

  • P. montanus
  • P. ispp.
  • Banz
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim

Burrowing and track ichnofossils.

Example of Planolites fossil

Phymatoderma[52]

  • P. granulata
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden

Burrowing and track ichnofossils.

Rhizocorallium[47]

  • R. parallelum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Altdorf
  • Banz

Burrowing and track ichnofossils

Specimens

Thalassinoides[47][49][54]

  • T. sp.
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Altdorf
  • Banz
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim

Burrowing and track ichnofossils

Thalassinoides found on the Sachrang Formation

Zoophycos[55]

  • Z. sp.
  • Salzburg
  • Unken

Burrowing and track ichnofossils.

Example of Zoophycos fossil

Invertebrata

[edit]

Porifera

[edit]

In the non-bituminous facies located on Obereggenen im Breisgau (Shore of the Black Forest High), especially the lower semicelatum subzone, pyritized individual needles of silica sponges (Demospongiae and Hexactinellida) are found, rarely on pelagic layers to very often on the low depth marine deposits.[27] They are usually associated with radiolarian stone cores. In Dusslingen and Reutlingen, these sponge needles could be barytized in phosphorites of the Haskerense subzone and are much more common here than in any other zone of the Lower Toarcian. These needles are absent in the bituminous horizons of the entire Lower Toarcian.[27] Increased amounts of Sponge needles (dominated by Hexactinellida) are also found on the arenaceous facies of the nearshore unit that is the Unken member, being the only section if its region hosts them, probably due to be an active and well oxygenated bottom.[40] The location of this member as a possible bay on the south of the vindelician land probably allow to the development of more pre-Toarcian AOE conditions, hence the presence of biota otherwise rare on bituminous layers.[40]

Annelida

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Serpula[47]

  • S. trigona
  • S. "sp. A"
  • S. "sp. B"
  • S. spp.
  • Banz
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Isolated Tubes

A sessile, marine annelid tube worm of the family Serpulidae. Presumably these specimens have fallen from their growth areas.[27]

Example of modern Serpulid Tube

"Halla"[27]

  • "H". tortitis
  • "H". sp.
  • Göppingen
  • Chalhac
 Scolecodonts

A polychaete of the family Dorvilleidae inside Eunicida. Eunicidan species with prionognath jaws, absent on Bituminous layers

Lophophorata

[edit]

Bryozoa

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Berenicea[56]

  • B. compressa
  • Heiningen

Colonial Imprints

A Bereniceidae Stenolaematan. The colonies form is extremely characteristic, forming curved fans

Proboscina[56]

  • P. liasica
  • Heiningen
  • Ohmenhausen

Colonial Imprints

A Oncousoeciidae Stenolaematan. Colonies consists of bands that are the same width throughout their entire extent and can branch.

Brachiopoda

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Gibbirynchia[47][49]

  • G. amalthei
  • Holzmaden
  • Aselfingen

Shells

A pennospiriferinid rhynchonellatan.[57]

Lingula[47]

  • L. posidoniae
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhaussen

Shells

A Lingulidae rhynchonellatan. Associations of bioturbation infauna are dominated on certain sections by Palaeonucula/Lingula agrupations, developed under longer-term oxygenated conditions within the substrate and bottom waters.[57]

Orbiculoidea[47]

  • O. papyracea
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhaussen

Shells

A Discinidae rhynchonellatan. This genus was found had a planktotrophic larval stage, that adapted while growing to the local redox boundary, when this fluctuated near the sediment–water interface and oxygen availability prevailed, allowing benthic colonization. Is found on associations with Grammatodon and Pseudomytiloides.[57]

Rhynchonella[47]

  • R.amalthei
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhaussen

Shells

A Rhynchonellidae rhynchonellatan. Found associated with Plicatula on long-term well-oxygenated conditions within the substrate and bottom waters.[57]

Spiriferina[47]

  • S. villosa
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhaussen

Shells

A Spiriferinidae rhynchonellatan.

Waldheimia[47]

  • W. subdigona
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhaussen

Shells

A Terebratellidae rhynchonellatan.

Mollusca

[edit]

Bivalvia

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Antiquilima[47]

  • A. sp.

Dotternhausen

Shells

A Limidoid file clam.

Bositra[58]

  • B. buchii
  • B. radiata

All the Formation

Shells

A posidoniid ostreoidan. It is the type fossil of the Sachrang Formation. Originally it was named "Posidonia bronni", thought to be a new genus, and the strata was denominated the Posidonia layers after it. Years later it turned out to be a junior synonym of Bositra, and thus, it was reassigned. However, the name of the layers was retained. The habitat and mode of life of Bositra has been debated for more than a century. There have been different interpretations, such as a pseudoplanktonic organism,[59] a benthic organism related to open marine floor, where it was the main inhabitant of the basinal settings, and a hybrid mode, where it has a life cycle with holopelagic reproduction controlled by the change on Oxygen levels, and even a chemosymbiotic lifestile, related to the large crinoid rafts, being the main "Safe conduct" to evade anoxic events. All the opinions along the years led to a large study in 1998, where the size/frequency distribution, the density of growth thanks to the lines related to the shell size and the position of the redox boundary by total organic carbon diagrams has revealed that Bositra probably had a benthic mode of life.[60]

Thousands of specimens in one matrix

Camptonectes[61]

  • C. subulatus
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach

Shells

A pectinoid scallop. The presence of this genus along endo- and epibenthic bivalves, which are absent farther up the section, suggest a delayed overstepping of anoxic bottom waters on the Altdorf High.[61]

Chlamys[47]

  • C. priscus
  • C. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A pectinoid scallop.

Single specimen

Cucullaea[47][49]

  • C. (Idonearca) muensteri
  • C. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A cucullaeid clam.

Eopecten[47][49]

  • E. strionatis
  • E. tumidus
  • E. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Aselfingen

Shells

A pectinoid scallop.

Exogyra[47]

  • E. berthaudi
  • Holzmaden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A gryphaeid mud oyster.

Gervillella[47][49]

  • G. lanceolata
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A bakevelliid mud oyster.

Goniomya[4]

  • G. rhombifera
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach

Shells

A Pholadomyid clam

Grammatodon[47]

  • G. taylori
  • G. jurianus
  • G. sp.
  • Banz
  • Ludwig Canal
  • Hondelange
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Grammatodontinae clam. This Genus had a lecithotrophic and planktotrophic larval development.[57]

Gryphaea[47]

  • G. arcuata
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A gryphaeid mud oyster.

Various specimens

Liostrea[47][49]

  • L. falcifera
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A gryphaeid mud oyster.

Various specimens

Meleagrinella[62][49]

  • M. substriata
  • M. golberti[63]
  • M. dubia
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Schlierbach
  • Hondelange
  • Grassel
  • Beienrode
  • Schandelah
  • Aichelberg
  • Staffelstein
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Oedhof
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dörnten
  • Langenbrücken[64]
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim

Shells

An oxytomid scallop.

Colony of specimens

Mesomiltha[47][49]

  • M. pumilus
  • Banz
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A lucinid clam.

Mytiloides[65]

  • M. amygdaloides
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

An inoceramid clam.

Nicaniella[4]

  • N. sp.
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach

Shells

An Astartid clam

Oxytoma[47][49]

  • O. inequivalvis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

An oxytomid scallop.

Palaeonucula[4]

  • P. sp.
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach

Shells

A Nuculid nut clam

Parainoceramya[65]

  • P. dubius
  • P. gryphaeoides
  • P. cinctus
  • P. cantianensis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondelange
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Langenbrücken

Shells

An inoceramid clam.

Thousands of specimens on a single rock

Pinna[47]

  • P. hartmanni
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Pinnoid oyster.

Plagiostoma[47]

  • P. antiquata
  • P. cf. punctata
  • Banz
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Limidae file clam.

Plagiostoma giganteum, specimen multiview

Pleuromya[4]

  • P. sp.
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach

Shells

A Pleuromyid clam

Plicatula[47][49]

  • P. spinosa
  • P. sp.
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A plicatulid mud scallop.

Praearctotis[62]

  • P. substriata
  • P. sp.
  • Dörlbach, Ludwig Canal

Shells

An oxytomid scallop. Found mostly on the "Dactylioceras-Monotis-Bank", a deposit derived from large scale tectonic events on the Bohemian coastline

Propeamussium[47][49]

  • P. pumilus
  • P. sp.
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A propeamussiid mud scallop.

Various specimens on the same rock

Pseudolimea[47]

  • P. acuticosta
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Limidoid file clam.

Pseudomytiloides[4][66]

  • P. substriata
  • P. dubius
  • P. cinctus
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Mistelgau
  • Schlierbach
  • Hondelange
  • Grassel
  • Beienrode
  • Aichelberg
  • Staffelstein
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dörnten
  • Langenbrücken

Shells

An inoceramid clam. Being the second most common genera of Bivalve on the Formation, it had been object to several studies to find its ecological niche, like Bositra. Several opinions include a pseudoplanktonic-only organism, able to live in open sea, or a benthonic-only organism. On the 1998 evaluation with Bositra, was found that probably has a benthic early life that translated to a faculatively pseudoplanktonic mode of adult life.[60]

Single specimen

Pteria[47]

  • P. sp.
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Pteriidaeoid wing-oyster.

Solemya[47]

  • S. bollensis
  • S. voltzi
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondelange
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Clam, type member of the family Solemyidae inside Solemyida.

Single specimen

Steinmannia[47]

  • S. bronni
  • S. radiata
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A "posidoniid" ostreoidan. Another Genera mistaken with "Posidonia bronni".

Various specimens in one matrix

Unicardium[47][49]

  • U. bollense
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A mactromyid clam.

Gastropoda

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Amberleya[47]

  • A. imbricata
  • Aichelberg
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Eucyclidae sea Snail.

Coelodiscus[47][67]

  • C. minutus
  • C. biumbilicatus
  • C. fluegeli[68]
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondelange
  • Schandelah
  • Bamberg
  • Trimeusel
  • Hetzles
  • Oedhof
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dörnten
  • Langenbrücken

Shells

A Coelodiscidae sea Snail. Is the oldest known holoplanktonic gastropod and the most abundant Snail in the formation, thanks to a bilateral symmetrical shells as an adaption to active swimming.[67]

Reconstruction

Eucyclus[47]

  • E. capitaneus
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Eucyclidae sea Snail.

Specimens

Natica[47][4]

  • N. pelops
  • N. reticulata
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Naticidae moon Snail.

Extant Specimen

Pleurotomaria[47][4]

  • P. anglica
  • P. sp.
  • Banz
  • Aichelberg
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Pleurotomariidae sea Snail.

Specimen

Pterotrachea?[68]

  • P.? liassica
  • P.? ceratophagus
  • Altdorf
  • Hetzles
  • Trimeusel
  • Bamberg
  • Mistelgau

Shells

A possible Pterotracheidae sea Slug. Dubious afinitties.[68]

Modern Specimen

Rhabdocolpus[47]

  • R.? cf. brandi
  • R. cf. vetustus
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Procerithiidae sea Snail.

Rigauxia[47]

  • R. hiltermanni
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Snail of uncertain placement.

Tatediscus[47][69]

  • T. aratus
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dörnten

Shells

A Coelodiscidae sea Snail. Possible holoplanktonic gastropod.[67]

Zygopleura[47]

  • Z. undulata
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Zygopleuridae sea Snail.

Specimens

Cephalopoda

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Alocolytoceras[70]

  • A. sp. aff. dorcadis
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.

Anaptychus[29][47]

  • A. latexcisus
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen
  • Mögglingen
  • Boll
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon

Aptychi

Ammonite internal moulds of uncertainf affinity.

Acrocoelites[47][71][72][73][74][75][76]

  • A. longiconus
  • A. oxyconus
  • A. ilminstrensis
  • A. dorsalis
  • A. voltzi
  • A. pyramidalis
  • A. glaber
  • A. raui
  • A. cf. riegrafi
  • A. levidensis
  • A. vulgaris
  • A. tripartitus
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Berge westlich der Trettach
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Megateuthididae Belemnite.

Belotheutis[76]

  • B. subcostata
  • Holzmaden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Diplobelidae Coleoidean. Some specimens belong to Clarkeiteuthis (=Phragmoteuthis) conocauda.

Brodieia[47]

  • B. sp.
  • Blumberg-Achdorf
  • Asfelfingen

Pyritized Fragments

A Phymatoceratidae Ammonite.

Calliphylloceras[70]

  • C. pompeckji
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach

Shells

A Phylloceratidae Ammonite.

Catacoeloceras[73][77][78][70]

  • C. crassum
  • C. engeli
  • C. marioni
  • C. jordani
  • C. raquinianum
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite.

Catulloceras[77]

  • C. dumortieri
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Cenoceras[77][78]

  • C. intermedium
  • C. spp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Mistlegau
  • Irlbach

Shells

A Nautilidae Nautilidan. Two referred specimens, identified as Nautilus spp. from Holzmaden where found encrusted with Serpulids and Bryozoans.[79]

Nautilidae shell from Banz, probably Cenoceras

Chitinobelus[80]

  • C. acifer
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Phragmocones

A Belemnotheutidae Belemnite. Chitinobelus rostrum was composed of aragonite with organic material, while normal Belemnites had calcite.

Chondroteuthis[81][74][75][76]

  • C. wunnenbergi
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Belemnotheutidae Belemnite.

Clarkeiteuthis[9][82]

  • C. conocauda
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Diplobelidae Coleoidean.

Clarkeiteuthis Holzmaden specimen

Cleviceras[70][83][84]

  • C. exaratum
  • C. elegans
  • Bächental basin
  • Hondelage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae ammonite

Coeloceras[73][77][78]

  • C. crassum
  • C. mucronatum
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

Type Coeloceratidae Ammonite.

Collina[73][77][78]

  • C. mucronata
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite. Is common on the bituminous marls (incorrectly designated as "Wilder Schiefer").

Cornaptychus[29][47]

  • C. sanguinolarius
  • C. bullatus
  • C. elasma
  • C. ovatus
  • C. cuneatus
  • C. striatolaevis
  • C. elegans
  • C. striatopunctatus
  • C. lythensis
  • C. sublythensis
  • C. latolythensis
  • C. transiens
  • C. stenolythensis
  • C. stenelasma
  • C. elasmoides
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Sachrang
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Bamberg
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Irlbach
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen
  • Mögglingen
  • Boll
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage
  • Unken

Aptychi

Ammonite internal moulds of uncertainf affinity.

Cornaptychus lythensis

Cotteswoldia[77]

  • C. distans
  • C. lotharingica
  • C. mactra
  • C. subcompta
  • C. fluitans
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Dactylioceras[78][71][72][84][70][4][85]

  • D. semiannulatum
  • D.semicelatum
  • D. crassifactum
  • D. cf. crassiusculosum
  • D. tenuicostatum
  • D. wunnenbergi
  • D. crosbeyi
  • D. clevelandicum
  • D. ernsti
  • D. vermis
  • D. athleticum
  • D. annulatum
  • D. commune
  • D. anguinum
  • D. rarestriatum
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Aselfingen
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite.

Dactyliocerascommune on Holzmaden

Dactyloteuthis[74][71][73][76]

  • D. wrighti
  • D. inaudita
  • D. digitalis[75]
  • D. semistriata
  • D. irregularis
  • D. similis
  • D. incurvata
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Megateuthididae Belemnite.

Denckmannia[71][73]

  • D. malagma
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau

Shells

A Phymatoceratidae Ammonite.

Eleganticeras[71][84][70]

  • E. exaratum
  • E. elegantulum
  • Hondelange
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Erycites[29][77]

  • E. labrosus
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Hammatoceratidae Ammonite.

Frechiella[47][70][4][86]

  • F. subcarinata
  • Dotternhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach

Shells

A Hildoceratidae ammonite. The co-occurrence on Altdorf of boreal (Pseudolioceras) and Tethyan faunal elements (Frechiella) is striking, suggesting clear connection with both regions.[86]

Furloceras[70]

  • F. cf. escheri
  • Dotterhausen
  • Holzamden
  • Zell

Shells

A Phymatoceratidae Ammonite.

Geopeltis[87][88]

  • G. simplex
  • G. emarginata
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Banz
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Geopeltidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Gladius with weakly arcuated hyperbolar zones.

Geopeltis specimen

Geotheutis[88]

  • G. bollensis
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Schandelah[89]
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A possible primigenial Cuttlefish. Is one of the most important fossils of Cephalopods on the Sachrang Formation, due to be one of the Earliest examples of Pigments found on any species, also one of the first historically.[90] The pigments are preserved on various specimens with Eumelanin related to its ink sacs and include even phosphatized musculature.[10]

Harpoceras[72][84][70][91]

  • H. falciferum
  • H. nitescens
  • H. subplanatum
  • H. falciferum
  • H. serpentinum
  • H. renevieri
  • H. cf. exaratum
  • Harpoceras sp.
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Harpoceras specimen

Haugia[71][73]

  • H. variabilis
  • H. illustris
  • H. jugosa
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Irlbach

Shells

A Phymatoceratidae Ammonite.

Hildaites[84][70]

  • H. murleyi
  • H. levisoni
  • H. subserpentinum
  • Hondelange
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Hildoceras[78][71][73]

  • H. levisoni
  • H. serpentinum[71]
  • H. subserpentinum
  • H.propeserpentinum
  • H. kiliani
  • H. douvillei
  • H. sublevisoni
  • H. semipolitum
  • H. bifrons
  • H. bodei[72]
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Hildoceras specimen

Hudlestonia[77]

  • H. serrodens
  • H. affinis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Jeletzkyteuthis[11][87][88]

  • J. coriaceus
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Banz
  • Dotternhausen
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. Gladii of Loligosepia can be distinguished from Jeletzkyteuthis by the transition lateral field/hyperbolar zone.

Kedonoceras[85]

  • K. cf. compactum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite.

Lioteuthis[92]

  • L. problematica
  • Holzmaden

Single Specimen with tissue

Type member of the Lioteuthididae inside Vampyromorphida. The taxonomic position of Lioteuthis is uncertain, although the wings reaching the proximal gladius section and the smooth median field suggest affinity to the Prototeuthididae[92]

Lobolytoceras[84][70]

  • L. siemensi
  • Hondelage
  • Dormettingen
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.

Loligosepia[93]

  • L. aalensis
  • L. sp.
  • Banz
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Schandelah[89]
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha).[94] The Loligosepiidae is believed to be ancestral to the Recent vampire squid, Vampyroteuthis infernalis.[87] Hooklets in the food residues in the posterior mantle indicate that Loligosepia preyed upon belemnites.[93]

Loligosepia Holzmaden specimen

Lytoceras[29][77][78][72][95][70]

  • L. ceratophagum
  • L. onychograptum
  • L. cornucopia
  • L. sublineatum
  • L. germaini
  • L. crenatum
  • L. metorchion
  • L. mucronatum
  • L. fimbriatum
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Irlbach
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen
  • Mögglingen
  • Boll
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Mauracht
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Lytoceratidae Ammonite. Lytoceras can get quite big, with nearly 50 cm in diameter.

Mercaticeras[71][70]

  • M. forte
  • M. cf. mercati
  • M. aff. umbilicatum
  • M. dilatum
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mögglingen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Mercaticeras specimen

Micropassaloteuthis[47][74][75][76]

  • M. fistulata
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Schömberg
  • Gomaringen
  • Hüttlingen
  • Frommern
  • Aalen-Reichenbach

Phragmocones

A Passaloteuthididae Belemnite.

Mucrodactylites[70]

  • M. mucronatus
  • M. clapierensis
  • Blumberg

Shells

A Dactylioceratinae ammonite.

Nodicoeloceras[47][70]

  • N. crassoides
  • N. acanthus
  • N. crassescens
  • N. dayi
  • Dotternhausen
  • Blumberg/Achdorf
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmden
  • Dürnau
  • Zell

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite.

Neolioceratoides[85]

  • N. infidum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Odontobelus[76]

  • O. tripartitus
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Diplobelidae Coleoidean. Has been confused with Acrocoelites tripartitus, hence the species name.

Onychites[47][74][75][76]

  • O. amalthei
  • O. runcinatus
  • Hechingen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen

Hooks

Incertae sedis Belemnites.

Orthildaites[70]

  • O. becaudi
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Osperleioceras[70]

  • O. bicarinatum
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Hildoceratidae ammonite

Pachylytoceras[29][77]

  • P. hircinum
  • P. cf. hircinum
  • P. torulosum
  • P. wrighti
  • P. dilucidum
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.

Parabelopeltis[87][96]

  • P. flexuosa
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Geopeltidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha). Related to the modern Vampyroteuthis infernalis. It is distinguished from Geoteuthis and Loligosepia by its median rib: this rib forms a narrow ridge between two narrow grooves. Probably hosted finds similar to modern Vampyroteuthis.[11]

Paroniceras[72]

  • P. sternale
  • P. cf. sternale
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley

Shells

A Hildoceratidae ammonite

Paraplesioteuthis[96][88]

  • P. sagittata
  • P. hastata
  • Holzmaden

Partial Specimens with tissue

A Plesioteuthididae Prototeuthidinan (Vampyromorpha). was originally described as "Geoteuthis" sagittata.

Passaloteuthis[47][74][97][76]

  • P. paxillosa
  • P. bisulcata
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Passaloteuthididae Belemnite.

Passaloteuthis Holzmaden specimen

Peronoceras[47][72][70]

  • P. fibulatum
  • P. turriculatum
  • P.?n. sp. aff. perarmatum
  • P. andrsi
  • P. vortex
  • P. millavense
  • P.s subarmatum
  • P. cf. subarmatum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Gomaringen
  • Hechingen
  • Mössingen
  • Frommern
  • Zell
  • Boll
  • Aalen
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley

Shells

A Dactylioceratinae ammonite.

Phylloceras[71][72][70]

  • P. heterophyllum
  • P. plicatum
  • P. supraliasicum
  • P. nilssoni
  • P. cf. heterophyllum
  • P. pompeckji
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Unken
  • Sachrang
  • Sazburg
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Klammgraben
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Fützen
  • Beggingen
  • Schieitheim
  • Siblingen
  • Rietheim
  • Staffelegg
  • Salhöf
  • Schafisheim
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Phylloceratidae Ammonite. The largest ammonite found in the Posidonienschiefer comes from the Ohmden quarry, and belongs to a Phylloceras heterophyllum with a diameter of 87 cm.[71]

Phylloceras restoration

Phlyseogrammoceras[98][77]

  • P. dispansum
  • P. cf. dispansiforme
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Phymatoceras[71][72][70][73]

  • P. lilli
  • P. rude
  • P. escheri
  • P. anomalum
  • P. ex gr. binodatum
  • Dotterhausen
  • Holzamden
  • Zell
  • Dudelange-Zoufftgen
  • Holzgau-Lermooser Mulde
  • Anstehenden

Shells

A Phymatoceratidae Ammonite.

Polyplectus[47][72]

  • P. capellinus
  • P. bicarinatus
  • Göppingen
  • Frickenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Großbettlinggen
  • Holzeim
  • Balingen
  • Haglertal, Höhe
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley

Shells

A Hildoceratidae ammonite

Porpoceras[70]

  • P. vortex
  • P. verticosum
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Dactylioceratinae ammonite.

Protogrammoceras[70]

  • P. paltum
  • Bereich

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Pseudogrammoceras[98]

  • P. bingmanni
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Pseudolioceras[71][72][70][73]

  • P. lythense
  • P. leptophyllum
  • P. compactile
  • P. discoides
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Dörlbach
  • Hirschbühler Bach
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Salpingoteuthis[75][74][76]

  • S. trisulcata
  • S. persulcata
  • S. bauhini
  • S. longisulcata
  • S. macra
  • S. tessoniana
  • S. dorsetiensis
  • S. blomenhofensis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Salpingoteuthididae Belemnite.

Salpingoteuthis specimen

Simoniteuthis[99]

  • S. michaelyi
  • NE of Bascharage

MNHNL TI024, complete specimen

A Loligosepiidae Loligosepiidan (Vampyromorpha).

Simpsonibelus[73][74][75][76]

  • S. dorsalis
  • S. lentus[75]
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Belemnotheutidae Belemnite.

Sueviteuthis[100]

  • S. schlierbachensis
  • S. zellensis
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Sueviteuthididae Coleoidean. Sueviteuthis had at least six arms with rather simple hooks, similar to the present of the genus Phragmoteuthis.

Teudopsis[94][101]

  • T. bollensis
  • T. subcostata
  • T. schubleri
  • Banz
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Teudopseinae Palaeololiginidaean (Vampyromorphida).

Teudopsis Ohmden specimen

Tiltoniceras[98][84][70]

  • T. antiquum
  • T. costatum
  • T. acutum
  • T. schroederi
  • T.capillatum
  • Dotternhausen
  • Gomaringen
  • Aselfingen
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Shells

A Hildoceratidae Ammonite.

Tiltoniceras specimen

Trachylytoceras[70][98]

  • T. annulosum
  • Dotternhausen

Shell

A Lytoceratidae Ammonite.

Youngibelus[74][76]

  • Y. tubularis
  • Y. gigas
  • Y. giganteus
  • Y. ohmdenensis[75]
  • Y. simpsoni
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aselfingen
  • Maurach
  • Hemmikon
  • Bascharage

Phragmocones

A Megateuthididae Belemnite. Includes really large specimens

Youngibelus Reconstruction

Zugodactylites[70]

  • Z. thompsoni
  • Mössingen

Shells

A Dactylioceratidae Ammonite.

Crustacea

[edit]

Cycloidea

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Juracyclus[102]

  • J. posidoniae
  • Gomaringen

Incomplete carapace

The First Cycloid Arthropod from the Jurassic, from the family Halicynidae inside Cycloidea.[102]

Ostracoda

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Bairdia[47][103]

  • B. ohmerti
  • B. thuringica
  • B. donzei
  • B. cf. carinata
  • B. rostrata
  • B. aselfingensis
  • B. hahni
  • B. inflata
  • Chalhac
  • Obereggenen
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhaueen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Göppingen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Untereturmig.

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea.

Bairdiacypris[103]

  • B. dorisae
  • B. faba
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bairdiidae inside Bairdioidea.

Cytherella[104]

  • C. praecadomensis
  • C. toarcensis
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Wasseralfingen

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytherellidae inside Platycopida.

Cytherelloidea[104][103]

  • C. anningi
  • C. praecadomensis
  • Aselfingen
  • Achdorf
  • Weilheim/Teck

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytherellidae inside Platycopida.

Eucytherura[103]

  • E. angulocostata
  • Hammerstadt
  • Achdorf

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Cytheruridae inside Podocopida.

Hermiella[105]

  • H. cincta
  • H. comes
  • H. klingleri
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida.

Infracytheropteron[103]

  • I. groissi
  • I. gwashense
  • I. rarum
  • I. atafastigatum
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen,
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protostomia.

Kinkelinella[47][106]

  • K. procera
  • K. costata
  • K. cf. persica
  • K. tenuicostati
  • K. champeauae
  • K. sermoisensis
  • K. costata
  • K. debilis
  • K. (Ektyphocythere) n. sp.
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Achdorf
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen
  • Hammerstadt
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Protocytheridae inside Podocopida.

Liasina[47][103]

  • L. lanceolata
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen

Valves

A marine Ostracodan, member of the family Pontocyprididae inside Podocopida.

Macrocypris[47][103]

  • M. liassica
  • M. sp. A
  • M. sp. B
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Weilheim/Teck
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen

Valves

A marine Ostracodan, member of the family Macrocyprididae inside Podocopida.

Monoceratina[47][103]

  • M. striata
  • M. scrobiculata
  • M. atimulea
  • M. seebergensis
  • M. frentzeni
  • M. vulsa
  • Chalhac
  • Achdorf
  • Häufig
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Weilheim/Teck

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Bythocytheridae inside Cladocopina.

Ogmoconcha[47][29]

  • O. rotunda
  • O. amalthei
  • O. ambo
  • O. intercedens
  • O. circumvallata
  • O. amalthei
  • O. impressa
  • O.? contractula
  • O.? conversa
  • O. sp.
  • Chalhac
  • Häufig in Obereggenen
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen,
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig

Valves

A marine Ostracodan, member of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida.

Ogmoconchella[47][103]

  • O. impressa
  • O. propinqua
  • O. conversa
  • Chalhac
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida.

Polycope[47][107]

  • P. tenuireticulata
  • P. pelta
  • P. cf. cerasia
  • P. cincinnata
  • P. plumhoffi
  • Achdorf
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen,
  • Reichenbach

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Polycopidae inside Cladocopina.

Praeschuleridea[103]

  • P. tenera
  • P. gallemannica
  • P. aspera
  • Achdorf
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen
  • Hammerstadt

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Praeschuleridea inside Podocopida.

Pseudohealdia[105][103]

  • P.gruendeli
  • P. truncata
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Göppingen

Valves

A Marine Ostracodan of the family Healdiidae inside Podocopida.

Trachycythere[47]

  • T. tubulosa
  • T. verrucosa
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Wasseralfingen

Valves

A marine Ostracodan, incertae sedis inside Podocopida.

Malacostraca

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Acanthochirana[108]

  • A. krausei
  • Dörnten, north of Goslar, opencast mine Fischerköpfe
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

An Aegeridae Decapodan.

Achelata[109]

  • gen. et sp. indet.
  • Gomaringen

Single complete specimen in late larval stage

The specimen reported represents the oldest fossil record of an achelatan lobster larva, and the first representative of achelatan lobsters in the Posidonia Shale. Shares similarities with the late Jurassic genus Cancrinos. It is also among the oldest examples of crustaceans which possibly could have lived as part of the plankton.[109]

California spiny lobsters are relatives of the Larval specimen from the Sachrang Formation

Antrimpos[89][110]

  • A. sp.
  • cf. A. sp.
  • Gomaringen
  • Schandelah
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Penaeidae Decapodan.

Antrimpos specimen

Coleia[111][112]

  • C. theodorii
  • C. moorei
  • C. sinuata
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Banz
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

An Erymidae Decapodan.

Eryma[113]

  • E. amalthei
  • E. spp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Banz
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the Erymidae Decapodan family. Originally, was named Glyphea amalthei, informally used by Quenstedt and housed on the Museum Naturkunde in Württemberg. A series of posterior revisions probe it was a different genus.[113]

Eryma specimen

Gabaleryon[114]

  • G. "sp. 1"
  • G. "sp. 2"
  • Gomaringen
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Coleiidae Decapodan. Was confussed with Proeryon hartmanni specimens. Specimens from Gomaringen are the first know with preserved Ommatidium.[115]

Glypheopsis[116]

  • G. grandichela
  • Gomaringen

Isolated Chelae

A Decapodan of the family Glypheidae.

Mecochirus[117]

  • M. eckerti
  • Langenbrücken
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Decapodan of the family Mecochiridae.

Penaeus[89][110]

  • P. sp.
  • Schandelah

Partial Specimens.

A Penaeidae Decapodan.

Palaeastacus[110][118][119]

  • P. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

An Erymidae Decapodan.

Palaeastacus specimen

Palaeopagurus[6]

  • P. sp.
  • Dotternhausen

Single Specimen inside an Ammonite Shell.

An hermit crab of the family Paguridae. This specimens where found inside an Ammonite shell, probably looking to evade anoxic conditions or predators.

Palinurina[110]

  • P. longipes
  • P. tenera
  • Schandelah
  • Holzmaden
  • Gomaringen
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Spiny Lobster of the family Palinuridae

Proeryon[120][112][121]

  • P. giganteus
  • P. hauffi
  • P. hartmanni
  • P. laticaudatus
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Gomaringen
  • Banz
  • Schandelah[89]
  • Altdorf
  • Hemmikon
  • Nancy
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Coleiidae Decapodan. The second largest Decapodan from the formation, P. giganteus is a species reaching a larger size than most other polychelidans, with up to 15 cm.[121]

Proeryon giganteus

Stenodactylina[122]

  • S. liasina
  • Holzmaden

Single Chela

An Erymidae Decapodan. It was erroneously reported from the Late Toarcian.

Stomatopoda[7]

  • Indeterminate
  • Holzmaden

Single Incomplete Specimen

A possible Stomatopoda Malacostracan.

A female Odontodactylus scyllarus mantis shrimp, maybe related to the Posidonia Specimen

Tonneleryon[111]

  • T. schweigerti
  • Holzmaden
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A gregarious Polychelidan Lobster. Specimens of Tonneleryon schweigerti where recovered generally in cluster of several individuals, due to that and the disposition of the specimens probably represent a mass-mortality assemblage and suggest this species was gregarious.[111]

Uncina[123]
  • U. posidoniae
  • U. alpina
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Pfronten, Engetal valley
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

An Astacidea Decapodan of the family Uncinidae. Uncina posidoniae is among the largest known Jurassic Crustaceans andis also the largest representative of the genus.[123]

The Largest complete Uncina posidoniae specimen, with 44 cm long.

Thoracica

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Toarcolepas[15]

  • T. mutans
  • Aichelberg

Numerous disarticulated individuals, associated with fossil wood.[15]

A phosphatic-shelled Cirripede of the family Eolepadidae.[15] Toarcolepas is provisionally interpreted as the oldest epiplanktonic cirripede known, and is thought to have lived attached to floating driftwood.[15]

Modern genus Lepas is among the most related taxa to Toarcolepas

Arachnida

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Liassoscorpionides[124]

  • L. schmidti
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig

Single Incomplete Specimen.

The type genus of the family Liassoscorpionididae, probably related to Mesophonoidea.[125]

While not closely related, Liassoscorpionides was morphologically similar to extant Hadogenes

Insecta

[edit]

Incertade Sedis

[edit]

Insects are a common terrestrial animals that were probably washed into the sea due to monsoon conditions present on the Sachrang Formation.[126]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Agmatozoon[127]

  • A. articulatum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig

Specimens

Incertae sedis

Campeulites[127]

  • C. cylindricus
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben (Elegans)
 Specimens

Cricolia[127]

  • C. inflexa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens

Dimeretes[127]

  • D. oculatus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig (Bode coll.)
 Specimens

Elasmoscolex[127]

  • E. hamatus
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben (Elegans)
 Specimens

Epimetrophora[127]

  • E. recta
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig (Boreale Zone)
 Specimens

Griphoconion[127]

  • G. tenuistriatum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens

Oocephalina[127]

  • O. mutilata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig (Boreale Zone)
 Specimens

Platycorion[127]

  • P. utroquelaesum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig (Boreale Zone)
 Specimens

Tomeferusa[127]

  • T. abdita
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben (Elegans)
 Specimens

Trimerocephalium[127]

  • T. incisum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens

Notoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Geinitzia[127][128]

  • G. latrunculorum
  • G. varia
  • G. superaucta
  • G. perlaesa
  • G. fasciata
  • G. dorni
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Grassel, Braunschweig

Specimens

Gryllones (Extinct clade of Basal Insects) of the family Geinitziidae.

Extant member of Grylloblattidae, posidonia genera were probably similar

Roemerula[128]

  • R. maculosa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens

Eoblattida

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Dorniella[127]

  • D. pulchra
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Grassel, Braunschweig

Specimens

An Eoblattidan of the family Blattogryllidae.

Odonatoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Protomyrmeleon[127][129]

  • P. grasselensis
  • P. brunonis[130]
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Bascharage

Specimens

An Odonatopteran (ancient winged insects) from the family Protomyrmeleontidae.

Odonata

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Campterophlebia[127][131]
  • C. elegans
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Campterophlebiidae. The largest Early Jurassic Insect Know, with a wings size up to 20 cm.[132]
Elattogomphus[127]
  • E. latus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Liassogomphidae.
Ensphingophlebia[127]
  • E. undulata
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Sphenophlebiidae.
Gallodorsettia[133]
  • G. kronzi
  • A13 motorway construction, south of Foetz
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Campterophlebiidae.
Henrotayia[134]
  • H. marci
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Henrotayiidae.
Heterothemis[127]
  • H. brodiei
  • Holzmaden
  • Schandelah
  • Beienrode
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Hemmikon[135]
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Heterophlebiidae.
Heterophlebia[127][136]
  • H. buckmani
  • Holzmaden
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Bascharage
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Heterophlebiidae.
Liassostenophlebia[127]
  • L. germanica
  • Rhine-Danube canal, Km 112
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Mesoepiophlebia[137]
  • M. veronicae
  • Bascharage
  • Sanem
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Sphenophlebiidae.
Myopophlebia[127][137]
  • M. libera
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Myopophlebiidae.
Necrogomphus[127][131]
  • N.brunswigae
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Liassogomphidae.
Paraheterophlebia[127][137]
  • P. wunnenbergi
  • P. marcusi
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Myopophlebiidae.
Paraplagiophlebia[137]
  • P. loneuxi
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Myopophlebiidae.
Phthitogomphus[127][137]
  • P. angulatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Luxguard quarry
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Liassogomphidae.
Plagiophlebia[127]
  • P. praecostarea
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Heterophlebiidae.
Proinogomphus[127]
  • P. bodei
  • P. kreuzerorum[138]
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Liassogomphidae.
Sphenophlebia[127][139]
  • S. interrupta
  • S. pommerana
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Sphenophlebiidae.[140]
Strongylogomphus[127][137]
  • S. grasselianus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A dragonfly of the family Myopophlebiidae.
Syrrhoe[127]
  • S. commissa
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis

Orthoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Acridiopsis[127]
  • A. spoliata
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A short-horned grasshopper of the family Acrididae.
Extant member of Acrididae, Acridiopsis was probably similar
Chresmodella[127]
  • C. fissa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A stick insect of the family Aerophasmidae.
Elcana[141]
  • E. minima
  • E. geinitzi
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A grasshopper of the family Elcanidae.
Liadolocusta[127]
  • L. ornata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Grasshoppers of the family Locustopsidae.
Liassogrylloides[127]
  • L. basifastigatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Locustopsis[127]
  • L. procera
  • L. bernstorffi
  • L. maculosa
  • Locustopsis sp.
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens Grasshoppers of the family Locustopsidae.
Panorpidium[127]
  • P. media
  • P. geinitzi
  • P. minima
  • Between Sehlde & Ringelheim
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
 Specimens A grasshopper of the family Elcanidae.
Panorpidium geinitzi reconstruction
Prophilaenites[127]
  • P. hondelagensis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Protogryllus[127]
  • P. formosus
  • P. hattorfensis
  • P. praeacutus
  • P. symmetricus
  • P. multoramosus
  • P. multovenosus
  • P. laceratus
  • P. foliolum
  • P. implicatus
  • P. fissus
  • P. minor
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A grasshopper of the family Protogryllidae.
Schesslitziella[142][143]
  • S. haupti
  • S. integra
  • Feuermühlenberg near Scheßlitz
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Bamberg
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A stick insect of the family Aerophasmidae.

Dictyoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Blattula[127][144]
  • B. langfeldti
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A cockroach of the family Blattulidae.
Caloblattina[127][144]
  • C. mathildae
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
 Specimens A cockroach of the family Caloblattinidae.
Liadoblattina[144]
  • L. blakei
  • Holzmaden
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A cockroach of the family Raphidiomimidae.
Mesoblattina[144]
  • M. protypa
  • Mistelgau
 Specimens A cockroach of the family Mesoblattinidae.
Ptyctoblattina[127][144]
  • P. simplicior
  • P. dilatata
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
 Specimens A cockroach of the family Raphidiomimidae.

Hemiptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Archijassus[127]
  • A. heeri
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Planthopper of the family Archijassidae.
Compactofulgoridium[127]
  • C. fronterotundum
  • C. obesum
  • C. aries
  • C. decapitatum
  • C. concameratum
  • C. paenintegrum
  • Schlewecke am Harz
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Corynecoris[127]
  • C. occultatus
  • C. semigranulatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Deraiocoris[127]
  • D. insculptus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Elasmoscelidium[127]
  • E. rectemarginatum
  • E. promotum
  • E. boreale
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Ensphingocoris[127]
  • E. parvulus
  • E. praerotundatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Extant member of Saldidae, Archegocimicidae genera where probably similar
Entomecoris[127]
  • E. minor
  • E. morator
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens
Eogerridium[127]
  • E. gracile
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens
Engynabis[127]
  • E. tenuis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens
Eurynotis[127]
  • E. incisus
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
 Specimens
Fulgoridium[127]
  • F. mancomarginatum
  • F. semiperspicuum
  • F. cubitoramosum
  • F. cuneiforme
  • F. infuscatum
  • F. paulodilatatum
  • F. exiguemaculatum
  • F. reduncum
  • F. fallerslebense
  • F. hattorfense
  • F. gottingense
  • F. tenuimaculatum
  • F. incurvatum
  • F. praeobtusum
  • F. raromaculatum
  • F. cubitofurcatum
  • F. basilaesum
  • F. hondelanum
  • F. fabri
  • F. hildesheimense
  • F. symmetricum
  • F. latius
  • F. balticum
  • F. posidonicum
  • F. silvaticum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Trirneusel
  • Staffelstein
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Aselfingen
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Extant member of Fulgoridae, Fulgoridiidae genera where probably similar
Fulgoridulum[127]
  • F. egens
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Indutionomarus[145]
  • I. treveriorum
  • Bommelscheier industrial area
 Specimens A Coleorrhynchan of the family Progonocimicidae.
Macropterocoris[127]
  • M. obtusus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Margaroptilon[127]
  • M. formosum
  • M. cuneatum
  • M. paucisinuatum
  • M. detruncatum
  • M. procerum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Megalocoris[127]
  • M. laticlavus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Saldidae Incertae sedis
Metafulgoridium[127]
  • M. praetruncatum
  • M. spatulaeforme
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Ophthalmocoris[127]
  • O. liassicus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Procercopis[127]
  • P. lacerata
  • P. abscissa
  • P. wunnenbergi
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Froghopper of the family Procercopidae.
Procerofulgoridium[127]
  • P. verticillatum
  • P. praefastigatum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Productofulgoridium[127]
  • P. filiferum
  • P. praeacutum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Pronabis[127]
  • P. utroquelaesus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Somatocoris[127]
  • S. conservatus
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
 Specimens A Shore bug (Saldidae) of the family Archegocimicidae.
Tetrafulgoria[127]
  • T. parallelogramma
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Planthoppers of the family Fulgoridiidae.
Xulsigia[146]
  • X. karetsa
  • Bommelscheier industrial area
 Specimens A Sternorrhynchan of the family Pincombeomorpha. Has been proposed its own family, Xulsigiidae.

Hymenoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Liadobracona[147]
  • L. raduhna
  • Schandelah
 Specimens A Wasp of the family Ephialtitidae.
Pseudoxyelocerus[148]
  • P. bascharagensis
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A Wood Wasp of the family Xyelotomidae.
Extant member of Tenthredinoidea, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Symphytopterus[149]
  • S. liasinus
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens

A Wasp of the family Ephialtitidae.

Thilopterus[150]
  • T. lampei
  • Schandelah
 Specimens

A Wasp of the family Ephialtitidae.

Xyelula[150]
  • X. benderi
  • Misltelgau
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens A Cephoidean of the family Sepulcidae.
Extant member of Cephoidea, Posidonia genera where probably similar

Neuroptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Actinophlebia[151]
  • A. abscissa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Prohemerobiidae.
Actinoptilon[151]
  • A. violatum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Silky Lacewing of the family Psychopsidae.
Extant member of Psychopsidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Epipanfilovia[127]
  • E. fasciata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Panfiloviidae.
Glottopteryx[127][151]
  • G. multivenosa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of uncertain placement.
Liassopsychops[127][152]
  • L. curvata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A Giant Lacewing of the family Kalligrammatidae. It is one of the oldest known representatives of the Giant pollinator lacewings.[153]
Mesosmylina[151]
  • M. exornata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Lance Lacewings of the family Osmylidae.
Extant member of Osmylidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Mesopsychopsis[151]
  • M. liasina
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A lance Lacewing of the family Osmylopsychopidae.
Ophtalmogramma[152]
  • O. klopschari
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A Giant Lacewing of the family Kalligrammatidae.
Panfilovia[127]
  • P. fasciata
  • Hondelange
  • Schandelah
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Panfiloviidae. A large genus with wings around 50 mm.
Paractinophlebia[151]
  • P. grasselensis
  • P. tenuis
  • P. acuta
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Prohemerobiidae.
Parhemerobius[127]
  • P. multostriatus
  • P. dilatatus
  • P. bodei
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Prohemerobiidae.
Prohemerobius[127][151]
  • P. prodromus
  • P. quatuorpictus
  • P. septemvirgatus
  • P. mediolatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Prohemerobiidae.
Protoaristenymphes[154]
  • P. bascharagensis
  • Bascharage
 Specimens A lance Lacewing of the family Mesochrysopidae.
Stenoteleuta[151]
  • S. lingulaeformis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Lacewing of the family Prohemerobiidae.
Tetanoptilon[127]
  • T. brunsvicense
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Lance Lacewings of the family Osmylidae. Tetanoptilon is the largest non-Kalligrammatidae lacewing of the Jurassic.[153]

Hemiptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Adelocoris[127]
  • A. ambiguus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Pentatomomorphans of the family Pachymeridiidae. Are related with the family Lygaeoidea, being possible ancestral forms of this last one.
Extant member of Lygaeoidea, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Engerrophorus[127]
  • E. nitidus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens
Euraspidium[127]
  • E. granulosum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens
Ischnocoris[127]
  • I. bitoratus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens
Liassocicada[127][142][155]
  • L. mueckei
  • L. antecedens
  • Rhine-Danube canal, Km 112
  • Beienrode
 Specimens A Hairy Cicada of the family Tettigarctidae.
Extant member of Tettigarctidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Liassotettigarcta[142]
  • L. mueckei
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens
Mesomphalocoris[127]
  • M. obtusus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Pentatomomorphans of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Stiphroschema[127]
  • S. longealatum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Pentatomomorphans of the family Pachymeridiidae.
Trachycoris[127]
  • T. abbreviatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Pentatomomorphans of the family Pachymeridiidae.

Coleoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Amblycephalonius[127]
  • A. tenuistriatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Beetles of the family Coptoclavidae.
Amphoxyne[127]
  • A. lineata
  • A. minuta
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Aposphinctus[127]
  • A. conservatus
  • A. striatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Water Scavenger Beetle of the family Hydrophilidae.
Extant member of Hydrophilidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Apicasia[127]
  • A. inolata
  • Schlewecke am Harz
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Apiopyrenides[127]
  • A. trigeminus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Aptilotitus[127]
  • A. capitecarens
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Auchenophorites[127]
  • A. sculpturatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Brachylaimon[127]
  • B. striatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Brachytrachelites[127]
  • B. striatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Camaricopterus[127]
  • C. ovalis
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Beetle of the family Phoroschizidae.
Coreoeicos[127]
  • C. dilatatus
  • Beienrode
 Specimens False Ground Beetles of the family Trachypachidae.
Diatrypamene[127]
  • D. collinus
  • D. angulocollis
  • D. excavata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Dicyphelus[127]
  • D. concameratus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Diphymation[127]
  • D. corrosum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Diplocelides[127]
  • D. minutus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Diplothece[127]
  • D. scissa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Entomocantharus[127]
  • E. convexus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Episcepes[127]
  • E. rotundatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Eurynotellus[127]
  • E. brevicollis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Eurysphinctus[127]
  • E. latesulcatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Eusarcantarus[127]
  • E. compactus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Grasselites[127]
  • G. pusillus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Gastrodelus[127]
  • G. decapitatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Gastroratus[127]
  • G. dispertitus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Hydroicetes[127]
  • H. affictus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Laimocenos[127]
  • L. striatogranulatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Leptomites[127]
  • L. procerus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Leptosolenophorus[127]
  • L. brevicollis
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Loxocamarotus[127]
  • L. virgatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Macrotrachelites[127]
  • M. longus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Megachorites[127]
  • M. brevicollis
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Volkmarsdorf, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Melanocantharis[127]
  • M. bicornuta
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Metanastes[127]
  • M. denudatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Mesoncus[127]
  • M. striatulus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Mesotylites[127]
  • M. marginatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Omogongylus[127]
  • O. ovatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Ooidellus[127]
  • O. denudatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Ooperiglyptus[127]
  • O. contractus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Ooperioristus[127]
  • O. applanatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Beetles of the family Coptoclavidae.
Opiselleipon[127]
  • O. gravis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Oxycephalites[127]
  • O. curculioides
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Palaeotrachys[127]
  • P. laticollis
  • Schlewecke am Harz
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Parnosoma[127]
  • P. detectum
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Peridosoma[127]
  • P. praecisum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Pholipheron[127]
  • P. articulatus
  • P. armatus
  • P. ovatus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Proheuristes[127]
  • P. striatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Prosynactus[127]
  • P. gracilis
  • P. scissus
  • P. procerus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens False Ground Beetles of the family Trachypachidae.
Extant member of Trachypachidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Pleuralocista[127]
  • P. insculpta
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Rhomaleus[127]
  • R. ornatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Rhysopsalis[127]
  • R. distorta
  • Beienrode
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Sphaericites[127]
  • S. concameratus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Tetragonides[127]
  • T. magnus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Trichelepturgetes[127]
  • T. procerus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Trochmalus[127]
  • T. compressus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Scalopoides[127]
  • S. inscissus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Sideriosemion[127]
  • S. punctolineatum
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Sphaerocantharis[127]
  • S. striata
  • S. defossa
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Syntomopterus[127]
  • S. latus
  • Beienrode
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Tripsalis[127]
  • T. praecisa
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Trochiscites[127]
  • T. capitapertus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Tolype[127]
  • T. rotundata
  • Beienrode
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Zetemenos[127]
  • Z. sexlineatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis

Amphiesmenoptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Necrotaulius[142][127][126][156]
  • N. parvulus
  • N. obtusior
  • Holzmaden
  • Kerkhofen
  • Trirneusel
  • Staffelstein
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens An Amphiesmenopteran of the family Necrotauliidae. The ovipositor, like terminalia of female N. parvulus, indicate that these insects laid their eggs rather in soil than in water
Micropterygidae[156] Indeterminate
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Lepidopterans probably related with the family Micropterygidae. Compared with their record on Grimmen, on Lower Saxony Lepidopterans are rather scarce and bad preserved.
Extant member of Micropterygidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar

Diptera

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images
Amblylexis[127]
  • A. gibberata
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Amianta[127]
  • A. eurycephala
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Amphipromeca[127]
  • A. acuta
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Apistogrypotes[127]
  • A. inflexa
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Archipleciomima[157]
  • A. germanica
  • Große Kley, Mörse
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Architipula[127]
  • A. bodeisimilis
  • A. ptychopteraeformis
  • A. formosa
  • A. basiminuta
  • A. robusta
  • A. clara
  • A. bodei
  • A. brunsvicensis
  • A. analiramosa
  • A. aequabilis
  • A. fragmentosa
  • A. veris
  • A. latealata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Große Kley, Mörse
 Specimens A Crane fly of the family Limoniidae.
Extant member of Limoniidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Bodephora[127]
  • B. arucaeformis
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Culiciscolex[127]
  • C. gibberatus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Cyrtomides[127]
  • C. maculatus
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Ellipibodus[127]
  • E. laesa
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Eoptychoptera[142][158]
  • E. simplex
  • E. liasina
  • E. eximia
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Große Kley, Mörse
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A Phantom Crane fly of the family Eoptychopterinae.
Empidocampe[127]
  • E. retrocrassata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Geisfeldiella[159]
  • G. benkerti
  • Bamberg
 Specimens Mayfly of the family Protereismatidae.
Haplobittacus[127]
  • H. parvus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Haplotipula[127]
  • H. majalis
  • H. cubitoramosa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Crane fly of the family Limoniidae.
Heterorhyphus[127]
  • Heterorhyphus analivarius
  • Heterorhyphus anomalus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Fly of the family Heterorhyphidae.
Homoeoptychopteris[127]
  • H. incerta
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Hondelagia[127]
  • H. reticulata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Snakefly of the family Priscaenigmatidae.
Liassonympha[127]
  • L. compacta
  • L. glans
  • L. guttula
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Leptotipuloides[127]
  • L. fastigata
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Crane fly of the family Limoniidae.
Mikrotipula[127]
  • M. dixaeformis
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Crane fly of the family Limoniidae.
Mesobittacus[127]
  • M. clavaeformis
  • M. minutus
  • M. marginelaesus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode, Fletchtorf
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Mesopanorpa[127]
  • M. obtusa
  • M. formosa
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Beienrode
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Orthophlebiidae.
Metaraphidia[147]
  • M. vahldieki
  • Schandelah
 Specimens A Snakefly of the family Metaraphidiidae.
Mesorhyphus[157]
  • M. ulrichi
  • Große Kley, Mörse
 Specimens A Wood Gnat of the family Anisopodidae.
Extant member of Anisopodidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Metatrichopteridium[160]
  • M. confusum
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens A Fly of the family Hennigmatidae. It represents the oldest know genus of this primitive family.
Nannotanyderus[142][161]
  • N. krzeminskii
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A primitive Crane fly of the family Tanyderidae. Extant members of the family are nectar feeder while extinct members cannot be determined precisely.[162]
Extant member of Tanyderidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Neorthophlebia[127]
  • N. maculipennis
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Orthophlebia[127]
  • O. latipennisimilis
  • O. fallerslebensis
  • O. diminuta
  • O. brunsvicensis
  • O. speciosa
  • O. compacta
  • O. elongata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Große Kley, Mörse
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Orthophlebiidae.
Ozotipula[127]
  • O. tarda
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
 Specimens A Crane fly of the family Limoniidae.
Parabittacus[127]
  • P. lingula
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Parorthophlebia[127]
  • P. grasselensis
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Orthophlebiidae.
Pleobittacus[127]
  • P. retroflexus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Praemacrochile[127]
  • P. decipiens
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
  • Schandelah, near Braunschweig
 Specimens A primitive Crane fly of the family Tanyderidae.
Propexis[127]
  • P. incerta
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Protobittacus[127]
  • P. desacuminatus
  • P. arculatus
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens Hanginflies of the family Bittacidae.
Extant member of Bittacidae, Posidonia genera where probably similar
Protorthophlebia[127]
  • P. cuneata
  • Hondelage, Braunschweig
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Protorthophlebiidae.
Protoplecia[127]
  • P. hattorfensis
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
 Specimens A Fly of the family Protopleciidae.
Protorhyphus[127]
  • P. ovisimilis
  • P. simplex
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens A Fly of the family Protorhyphidae.
Pseudopolycentropus[127]
  • P. obtusus
  • Grassel, Braunschweig
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Kerkhofen
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Pseudopolycentropodidae.
Reprehensa[127]
  • R. acuminata
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Scorpionflies of the family Orthophlebiidae.
Rhopaloscolex[127]
  • R. brevis
  • R. longus
  • Schandelah, nr Braunschweig
 Specimens Incertae sedis
Sphallonymphites[127]
  • S. decurtatus
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
 Specimens Incertae sedis

Echinodermata

[edit]

Echinoderm debris is pretty abundant on the shale-free Unken and Salzburg members, including Crinoid skeleton elements, also that of the Ophiurida; the Echinoids take their place, where really blossomed at that time. That's why Pedicellaria are observed very often.[40]

Asterozoa

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Barbaraster[163]

  • B. colbachi
  • B. muenzbergerae
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiomusina.

Dermacantha[163]

  • D. reolidi
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of incertae sedis family on the order Ophionereididae.

Enakomusium[164]

  • E. geisingense
  • Bachhausen

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiolepididae.

Holotype specimens from the Sachrang Formation

Dermocoma[163]

  • D. sp.
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of incertae sedis family on the order Ophiodermatina.

Inexpectacantha[163]

  • I. acrobatica
  • I. ullmanni
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Euryophiurida.

Lapidaster[163]

  • L. fasciatus
  • L. hougardae
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophioscolecidae.

Ophiarachna[165]

  • O. liasica
  • Schömberg

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiacanthida. Very Common, related to non anoxic water sedimentation.

Ophiogojira[163]

  • O. andreui
  • O. aliorbis
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiomusaidae.

Ophiocopa[163]

  • O. sp. nov.
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiotomidae.

?Ophiocten[165]

  • O. seeweni
  • Schömberg

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiuridae.

Ophiohelus[163]

  • O. sp. nov.
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiohelidae.

Ophiomusa[163]

  • O. perezi
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiomusaidae.

Ophiomisidium[163]

  • O. pratchettae
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Astrophiuridae.

Ophiopholis[165]

  • O. trispinosa
  • Schömberg

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiactidae. Very rare on the layers.

Modern Specimen

Ophiotardis[163]

  • O. tennanti
  • O. astonensis
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange
  • Schömberg

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiopyrgidae.

Palaeocoma[163]

  • P. kortei
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiopyrgidae.

Sinosura[165][166]

  • S. brodiei
  • S. cf. brodiei
  • S. dieschbourgae
  • Ohmden
  • Schömberg
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophioleucidae. Dominant Asterozoan taxon

Fossil Specimen

Thanataster[163]

  • T. desdemonia
  • Neischmelz near Dudelange

Specimens

An Ophiuridan of the family Ophiomusina.

Echinoidea

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Cidaris[167]

  • C. spp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhaussen
  • Altforf
  • Banz

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Cidaridae.

Modern Specimen

Diademopsis[47][29]

  • D. crinifera
  • D. aequituberculata
  • D. behtensis
  • D. bowerbanki
  • Chalhac
  • Häufig in Obereggenen
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Pedinidae. It is the most common sea urchin found in the formation

Specimens from Holzmaden

Eodiadema[47]

  • E. minutum
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Diadematidae

Specimens from Holzmaden

Hemipedina[47]

  • H. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Pedinidae

Procidaris[29]

  • P. edwardsi
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhaussen
  • Banz

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Miocidaridae

Pseudodiadema[47]

  • P. posidoniae
  • P. jurensis
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Specimens

A sea urchin of the family Pseudodiadematidae

Holothuroidea

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Achistrum[27]

  • A. issleri
  • Achdorf
  • Aselfingen
  • Weilheim/Teck
  • Göppingen und Reichenbach
  • Bewegtwasserfazi
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau

Specimens

A sea cucumber of the family Achistridae inside Apodida.

Specimen

Mortensenites[27]

  • M.liasicus
  • Achdorf
  • Aselfingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Heiningen
  • Weilheim/Teck
  • Göppingen und Reichenbach
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau

Specimens

A sea cucumber of the family Calclamnidae inside Dendrochirotida.

Stichopites[27]

  • S. mortenseni
  • Achdorf
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Heiningen
  • Weilheim/Teck
  • Göppingen und Reichenbach
  • Bewegtwasserfazi
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau

Specimens

A sea cucumber of the family Stichopitidae. Occurs sporadically in non-bituminous sediments of the upper bifrons zone

Theelia[47]

  • T. heptalampra
  • T. florealis
  • Aselfingen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Gomaringen

Specimens

A sea cucumber of the family Chiridotidae. It is the only major genus of Sea Cucumbers reported locally on the Posidonienschiefer.

Crinoidea

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Pentacrinites[47]

  • P. fossilis
  • P. briareus
  • P. franconicus
  • P. dichotomus
  • P. quenstedti[168]
  • Chalhac
  • Häufig in Obereggenen
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens, some associated with Rafts

Type Crinoidean from the family Pentacrinitidae. Like Seirocrinus, Pentacrinites formed colonies on rafting wood. Was a small genus, with specimens of no more than 1 meter long, usually measuring 40–70 cm.

Close view of one specimen from the Posidonienschiefer

Praetetracrinus[169]

  • P. kutscheri
  • Schömberg

Isolated Stems

A Crinoidean of the family Plicatocrinidae.

Procomaster[165]

  • P. pentadactylus
  • Aichelberg

Exceptionally well preserved individual with the arms, pinnules and cirri largely Intact

A Crinoidean of the family Isocrinida. This Benthic Crinoid clearly represents an exotic elementement of the typical Posidonia fauna, likely moved from the coastal settings

Seirocrinus[14][170]

  • S. subangularis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens, some associated with Rafts

The largest known Crinoidean, from the family Pentacrinitidae. Seirocrinus consists of fossils of colonies along large wood trunks, with specimens up to 14 m long and the largest reaching 26 m, what makes it among the tallest know Mesozoic organisms, one of the largest invertebrates know on the fossil record and one of the tallest know animals.[171] It was an open ocean organism that lived in rafting woods, probably filtering food and serving as a refuge for other animals, such as ammonites. The crinoids had a large colonization process, based on the status of the fossil wood found.[172] The large rafts were the home for a high variety of marine organisms, such as Balanoideans, Ammonites and other. It has been estimated that without the presence of modern raft wood predators (that appeared on the Bathonian) those rafts can last up to 5 years, being that the main reason the crinoids were able to reach such huge sizes. The large rafts were also probably essential to distribute animals along the Early Jurassic Seas.[13]

Close view of one specimen from the Posidonienschiefer

Vertebrata

[edit]

Fishes

[edit]

Chondrichthyes

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Acanthorhina[173]

  • A. jaekeli
  • Holzmaden

Head and postcranial remains

A member of Myriacanthidae inside Chimaeriformes. An aberrant Chimaera with an extrange elongated nose and horns over the skull.

Acanthorhina

Acrodus[47]

  • A. nobilis
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Teeth

Type genus of the family Acrodontidae.

Bathytheristes[174]

  • B. gracilis
  • Ohmden

Upper ("palatine") toothplate

A member of Callorhynchidae inside Chimaeriformes. Similar to Callorhinchus, among the oldest known of its type. It the first Modern lineage Chimaeras from the Toarcian.

Callorhinchus milii can be the closest relative of Bathytheristes

Bdellodus[175]

  • B. bollensis
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen

Teeth

A shark of the family Hybodontidae. An aberrant hybodontid with crushing dentition.

Bdellodus

Crassodus[176]

  • C. reifi
  • Dotternhausen

Meckelian Cartilages, Jaws, teeth, Palatoquadrates, placoid scales and dearticualted parts of the labial, hyoid and branchial skeleton.

A shark of the family Hybodontidae. The Type specimen belongs to a large hybodontid, with an estimated total length of up to 3 m.[176]

Hybodus[47][177][178]

  • H. hauffianus
  • H. delabechei
  • H. pyramidalis
  • H. reticulatus
  • H. sp.
  • Banz
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dormettingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Aichelberg
  • Kerkhofen
  • Hondelange
  • Schandelah[89]
  • Altdorf
 Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Hybodontidae. It is the most abundant shark on the layers of the Sachrang Formation, with some of the best preserved specimens of the genus known.[179]

Hybodus Holzmaden specimen, among the best preserved of the genus, with Belemmnites inside.

Metopacanthus[180][181]

  • M. bollensis
  • M. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
 Isolated Dorsal Fin Spine, chondrocranium, partial fin spine and length of vertebral column

A member of Myriacanthidae inside Chimaeriformes. An aberrant Chimaera with a second jaw-like structure on its head.

Palaeospinax[182]

  • P. priscus
  • P. egertoni
  • Holzmaden

Anterior part of body with basicranium, palatoquadrates, Meckel's cartilage, ceratohyals, epihyals, teeth, traces of the branchial arches and the anterior finspine

Type member of the family Palaeospinacidae.

Palidiplospinax[183]

  • P. smithwoodwardi
  • Holzmaden

Articulated vertebral column, girdles, both fin spines and clasper organ

A member of the family Palaeospinacidae.

Pseudonotidanus[184]
  • P. politus
  • Holzmaden

Partial, articulated specimen

A shark of the family Hexanchiformes. It was identified originally as a member of the genus Palaeospinax.

Rajiformes[185]

Gen et sp. nov

  • Holzmaden

SMNS 52666, Incomplete Specimen

A possible member of Batoidea. It was originally identified as a member of Galeiformes.

SMNS 52666, the unnamed rajiform holotype

Recurvacanthus[186]

  • R. uniserialis
  • Ohmden

Isolated Fin Spine

A member of Myriacanthidae inside Chimaeriformes.

Actinopterygii

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Caturus[187]

  • C. smithwoodwardi
  • Holzmaden
  • Würtenmberg

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Caturidae inside Amiiformes

Caturus

Dapedium[188][189]

  • D. pholidotum
  • D. punctatus
  • D. caelatus
  • D. heteroderma
  • D. ovalis
  • D. leachi
  • D. stollorum[190]
  • D. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Niedersachsen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A deep-bodied neopterygian, the type genus of the family Dapediidae. Unpublished material indicates the presence of one or even two more still undescribed species of Dapedium in the Lower Toarcian.[189][190]

Dapedium

Euthynotus[191]

  • E. incognitus
  • E. cf.incognitus
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A member of the family Pachycormidae.

Euthynotus
Germanostomus[192]
  • G. pectopteri
  • Holzmaden
  • Incomplete specimens

A pachycormid.

Haasichthys[193]

  • H. michelsi
  • Hondelange
  • Nearly Complete Specimen

A pachycormid.

Heterolepidotus[89]

  • H. sp.
  • Schandelah
  • Isolated Teeth
  • Isolated Scales
  • Isolated Jaws

A member of the family Furidae inside Ionoscopiformes

Holzmadenfuro[194]

  • H. rebmanni
  • Holzmaden

Complete Specimen

A ganoin-scaled Ophiopsiformes (Halecomorphi). The type specimen measures 51 cm, and has elongated and serrated body scales before the dorsal fin and tiny ganoid scales after it.[194]

Lepidotes[195][196][197][198]

  • L. elvensis
  • L. gigas
  • L. sp.
  • Banz
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Niedersachsen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A common member of the Lepisosteiformes.

Lepidotes

Leptolepis[196][197][198][195]

  • L. jaegeri
  • L. antisiodorensis
  • L. coryphaenoides
  • L. bronni
  • L.normandica
  • L. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Niedersachsen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Aalen
  • Hemmikon
  • Nancy
  • Maurach

Thousands of complete and nearly complete Specimens

A member of the family Leptolepididae. The most common fish found within the formation, Leptolepis is tought to have formed large schools like modern herrings.

Leptolepis

Longileptolepis[199][200]

  • L. wiedenrothi
  • SW of Braunschweig

MB. f.7612, nearly complete specimen.

A member of the family Leptolepididae. Was identified as Paraleptolepis, but this name is currently occupied by a Japanese fish genus of Early Cretaceous age.[200] It differs from Leptolepis coryphaenoides in the presence of a few autapomorphies and also in the retention of several primitive features not present on the last one.[199] Small genus, of about 14 cm length.[199]

Longileptolepis

Lycodus[195][196][197][47]

  • L. gigas
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Isolated Skull Bones

A possible representative of the family Saurichthyidae. Is based on rather fragmentary specimens.

Ohmdenfuro[194]

  • O. bodmani
  • Ohmden

Nearly complete specimen with broken skull

First ganoin-scaled Ophiopsiformes (Halecomorphi) from the Posidonienschiefer. Elongated morphology, with a length of ~39 cm, covered by smooth, massive ganoin scales.[194]

Ohmdenia[201]
  • O. multidentata
  • Ohmden
  • Holzmaden
 Single desarticulated Specimen

A large member of the family Pachycormidae, with a length of up to 2.5–3 m and an estimated weight over 200 kg.[201]

Ohmdenia

Pachycormus[202]

  • P. macropterus
  • P. bollensis
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type member of the family Pachycormidae. Large representative of its family, with a size up to 1.5 m. One specimen preserved the stomach filled by numerous hooklets.[18]

Pachycormus

Pholidophorus[195][196][197][198]

  • P. germanicus
  • P. hartmanni
  • P. bechei
  • P. limbatus
  • P. sp.
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Reutlingen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Mössingen
  • Ohmenhausen
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Kerkhofen
  • Heiningen
  • Reichenbach
  • Wasseralfingen
  • Unterstürmig
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A member of the family Pholidophoridae.

Pholidophorus

Ptycholepis[203][204]

  • P. bollensis
  • P. barrati
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Ptycholepididae inside Ptycholepiformes. It is one of the youngest representatives of its family.

Ptycholepis

Sauropsis[205]

  • S. latus
  • S. veruinalis[187]
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A large member of the family Pachycormidae.

Sauropsis

Saurorhynchus[206]

  • S. hauffi
  • S. brevirostris
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Oedhof
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Niedersachsen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

The youngest representative of the family Saurichthyidae, known for its large jaws, similar to modern Belonidae.

Saurorhynchus

Saurostomus[207]

  • S. esocinus
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A member of the family Pachycormidae. Large representative of the family, reaching sizes up to 2.3 m.

Saurostomus
Strongylosteus[208]
  • S. hindenburgi
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A large member of the Chondrosteidae and the largest non-reptilian marine vertebrate of the Posidonienschiefer Fm, with a size around 3,2 m.[208]

Strongylosteus

Tetragonolepis[209]

  • T. drosera
  • T. semicincta
  • T. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Aichelberg
  • Schandelah
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Maurach

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A deep-bodied neopterygian of the family Dapediidae.

Tetragonolepis
Toarcocephalus[20]
  • T. morlok
  • Holzmaden
  • SMNS 59978 &SMNS 52044, articulated skulls
 A member of the family Coccolepididae. The first representative of the family from the Toarcian

Sarcopterygii

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Trachymetopon[210][211]

  • T. liasicum
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A large coelacanth of the family Mawsoniidae, related to the genera Axelrodichthys, Chinlea, Diplurus and the type, Mawsonia.[211] The largest specimen known from the Sachrang Formation is GPIT.OS.770 (Holotype), with a length over 1.6 m.[210] The specimen presents an ossified lung inside the abdominal cavity, and most of the body, being also one of the most complete coelacanths of the Jurassic found.[210][211] Trachymetopon precedes the presence of the family Mawsoniidae in Europe by about 120 Ma and the northernmost occurrence of a member of the group, implying an extensive geographical range during the Early Jurassic.[211] Due to the specimens being found on pelagic deposits suggest that probably was an open ocean swimmer.[210][211]

Trachymetopon GPIT.OS.770

Amniota

[edit]

Ichthyosauria

[edit]

Inderminate specimens are known.[29][195][196][197]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Eurhinosaurus[212][213]

  • E. longirostris
  • E. huenei
  • E. quenstedti
  • E. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Hondelange
  • Schandelah
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A large ichthyosaur of the family Leptonectidae with convergent evolution with modern swordfish. Like these fishes, Eurhinosaurus is believed to be a fast swimming predator, able to hunt fish schools on same way. Large specimens of up to 6 m are known.

Complete specimen from the Sachrang Formation

Hauffiopteryx[214]

  • H. typicus
  • H. altera[215]
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Small sized ichthyosaur, probably a member of Parvipelvia, sister group to Stenopterygius + Ophthalmosauridae. A small- to mid-sized ichthyosaur, 2–3 m in length, with a relatively short and slender antorbital rostrum.[215]

Hauffiopteryx typicus fossil

Leptopterygius?[216]

  • L.? sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A possible member of the family Leptonectidae. Mostly of the specimens of this genus have been referred to Leptonectes or Temnodontosaurus, although some remains on the Posidonienschiefer are too complex to being clearly referred.

Magnipterygius[217]

  • M.huenei
  • Dotternhausen
 Almost complete articulated skeleton

An Ichthyosaur of the family Stenopterygiidae. Magnipterygius may not have grown to a total length of much more than 120 cm. It is therefore potentially only the second post-Triassic ichthyosaur known with such a small body size

Stenopterygius[214][218]

  • S. quadriscissus
  • S. triscissus
  • S. uniter
  • S. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Schlierbach
  • Hondelange
  • Grassel
  • Beienrode
  • Schandelah
  • Aichelberg
  • Staffelstein
  • Pferdsfeld
  • Oedhof
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Gomaringen
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dörnten
  • Langenbrücken
  • Bascharange

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Stenopterygiidae. A common Toarcian ichthyosaur, present in multiple layers. The rather exquisite level of preservation has led to know even the coloration, that exposes a clear countershading, with an upper part being more obscure than the lower, similar to modern killer whales, the Heaviside's dolphin or the Dall's porpoise. There is also evidence of changes in color with ontogenic changes, going from dark juveniles to countershaded adults. The skin was flexible & scaleless, as in dolphins.[219] The study of several specimens has revelated that Stenopterygius quadriscissus underwent a size-related trophic niche shift through ontogeny, shifting from a piscivorous diet to a teuthophagous diet, known thanks to exquisitely preserved stomach contents.[220]

Fossil

Suevoleviathan[221]

  • S. disinteger
  • S. integer[222]
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Banz
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Suevoleviathanidae. Includes specimens up to 4 m long.

Suevoleviathan integer fossil

Temnodontosaurus[223]

  • T. trigonodon
  • T. burgundiae
  • T. zetlandicus[224]
  • T. "sp. A"
  • T. "sp. B"
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Schlierbach
  • Hondelange
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Dörnten
  • Langenbrücken
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type genus of the family Temnodontosauridae. A large macroraptorial ichthyosaur, apex predator of its environment. It ranges between 9 and the 12 m, being one of the largest known ichthyosaurs, characterized by skulls and jaws over 1 m in length, with the largest being over 1.9 m long. It has been found with fragments of young icthyosaur in his stomach.[17]

Temnodontosaurus trigonodon specimen.

Plesiosauria

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Hauffiosaurus[225][226]

  • H. zanoni
  • Dotternhausen
  • Holzmaden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A basal member of Pliosauridae. It had a long snouted skull similar to that of Peloneustes, Gharial Crocodiles or Dolphins.[226]

Hauffiosaurus

Hydrorion[225][227]

  • H. brachypterygius
  • H. sp.
  • Holzmaden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A junior synonym of M. brachypterygius.[228]

Hydrorion

Meyerasaurus[225][229]

  • M. victor
  • Holzmaden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Rhomaleosauridae Plesiosaur.

Meyerasaurus

Microcleidus[230]

  • M. brachypterygius
  • M. melusinae[231]
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Pétange-Belval line

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

Type member of the Plesiosaur family Microcleididae.

Microcleidus

Plesiosauroidea[225][228]

  • Genus and species indet.
  • Holzmaden
  • SMNS 51945, an almost complete articulated skeleton lacking most of the skull
  • MH 7, articulated specimen with soft tissue[232]

SMNS 51945 is a well preserved immature specimen with possible phosphatised muscle tissues and eumelanin that possibly corresponds to areas dark-coloured in life, and its anatomical characters suggest it represents a new genus.[228] MH 7 shows a mosaic of smooth skin and (possibly keeled) scales.[232]

Plesiopterys[225][233][166]

  • P. wildi
  • Holzmaden

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A basal Plesiosaur that has been linked with Cryptoclididae.

Plesiopterys

"Plesiosaurus"[234]

  • "P." bavaricus
  • Berg bei Neumarkt
  • Creez

Isolated caudal & cervical vertebrae

A Plesiosaur assigned to the genus Plesiosaurus, yet shows more affinities with Anningasaura

Seeleyosaurus[235]

  • S. guilelmiimperatoris
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Schandelah
  • Banz?

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Plesiosaur of the family Microcleididae. It was named originally "Plesiosaurus guilelmiimperatoris".

Seeleyosaurus

Sphenodontia

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Palaeopleurosaurus[236]

  • P. posidoniae
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen?
  • Kerkhofen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

An aquatic sphenodont of the family Pleurosauridae. Palaeopleurosaurus evidences that there was a slightly skeletal specialization for an aquatic lifestyle, achieved through the Jurassic gradually on pleurosaurs.[236] Recent studies suggest a shorter lifespan than modern Tuatara, based on irregular spacing of growth marks.[237]

Palaeopleurosaurus

Testudinata

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Testudinata[47][238][239][240]

  • Indeterminate
  • Altdorf
  • Banz
  • Schandelah[241]
  • Hondelange
 Shells? and Isolated plastrons

A marine turtle of the superfamily Eurysternidae inside Thalassochelydia. Is the main formally identified fossil as Turtle from the Sachrang Formation, representing a rather basal genus. The pleurals resemble those of the genus Plesiochelys.[238] Being found in the zone of Franconia that on the Toarcian was at -80 km from the shore can suggest that early marine turtles lived in the epicontinental waters of the European shallow seas before reach richer ecosystem diversity on the Late Jurassic.[238] This would explain the serious lack of Turtle fossils on the formation, as mostly of the deposits are located far from the coast.[238] Possible unclassified testudine remains. Münster (1834) cited: "there were also rare things at the quarries of Altdorf, among other remains there were ones of a turtle on lias limestone"". The remains are not catalogued and some specimens are in Private Collections.[242]

Crocodylomorpha

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Macrospondylus[243][244]

  • M. bollensis
  • M. sp.
  • Banz
  • Bad Boll
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondenlange
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Berg
  • Schlierbach
  • Niedersachsen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dudelange-Bettembourg

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A longirostrine thalattosuchian of the family Machimosauridae. Was considered synonymous with Steneosaurus until in 2020 this last was recovered as invalid. It reached large sizes, with specimens exceeding 5 m, being a generalist predator.[245]

Macrospondylus bollensis fossil with Skin Impressions

Mystriosaurus[245][246][247]

  • M. laurillardi
  • M. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Schandelah[89]

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A mesorostrine thalattosuchian of the family Teleosauridae. A marine crocodylomorph with a diet probably based on fish. Was considered synonymous with Steneosaurus until recently.[247] Due to this unusual placement of the external nares, Mystriosaurus was more terrestrial, or spent a greater amount of time on land, than other teleosauroids. This would explain its greater presence in zones of the formation more proximal to the emerged landmasses. Its morphology suggest it was a mesorostrine generalist.[247]

Mystriosaurus

Pelagosaurus[248]

  • P. typus
  • P. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Ohmden
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dudelange-Bettembourg

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A thalattosuchian with a complex assignation, probably the basalmost metriorhynchoid. Pelagosaurus typus was a small-bodied thalattosuchian (~1 m in length) considered to be an adept aquatic pursuit predator, with a long streamlined snout ideal for snapping at fast moving prey (one specimen was found with Leptolepis fishes inside) and large, anterolaterally placed orbits for increased visual acuity.[248]

Pelagosaurus

Plagiophthalmosuchus[245]

  • P. gracilirostris
  • Dudelange-Bettembourg

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Longirostrine Thalattosuchian, the most basal know. Was considered synonymous with Steneosaurus. Longirostrine specialist, probably active fish hunter.

Platysuchus[245]

  • P. multiscrobiculatus
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Dudelange-Bettembourg

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A longirostrine thalattosuchian of the family Teleosauridae. Platysuchus was slightly more robust than its contemporaneous relatives, being probably adapted to hunt more voluminous fish. A heavily armoured, semi-terrestrial longirostrine generalist form, indicated by the extensive and tightly packed rows of dorsal osteoderms.[245]

Platysuchus

Pterosauria

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Campylognathoides[249]

  • C. zitteli[250]
  • C. liasicus
  • C. cf. C. liasicus
  • C. sp.[89]
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Schandelah

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Novialoidean Pterosaur, type genus of the family Campylognathoidea. Mark Witton suggests the construction of Campylognathoides' extremely robust forelimbs, with proportionally long wing fingers, could be a specialization for a fast aerial lifestyle comparable to those of Falcons and mastiff bats, being more probably an insect & vertebrate hunter and living on nearshore environments.

Nearly complete Campylognathoides

Dorygnathus[240][251][252]

  • D. banthensis
  • D. cf.banthensis
  • D. mistelgauensis[253]
  • D. sp.
  • Banz
  • Altdorf
  • Mistelgau
  • Schandelah
  • Hondelange
  • Beienrode
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Various complete and nearly complete Specimens

A Rhamphorhynchinae Pterosaur. It is one of the best known Early Jurassic Pterosaurs.[251] Dorygnathus mistelgauensis is considered a junior synonym until more data can be recovered from the specimen, held on a private collection.[251] Soft tissues, including fur/feather-like filaments & possible coloration traces have been found.[254]

Nearly complete Dorygnathus

Parapsicephalus[255]

  • cf. P. purdoni
  • Altdorf

Skull

A Rhamphorhynchinae Pterosaur. Has been assigned to the genus Dorygnathus. It has a really complete skull that can help to explain the status of the genus Parapsicephalus.[255]

Dinosauria

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Ohmdenosaurus[256]

  • O. liasicus
  • Ohmden

Tibia and astragalus

A Gravisaurian Sauropod. One of the few formally described from the Toarcian. Was confused as a Plesiosaur bone.[256]

Ohmdenosaurus

Plantae

[edit]
The Flora is dominated by horsetails, what can be due to a similar ecological niche to modern genus Phragmites, able to resist saline conditions. Storms or floods maybe where the major events that transported this flora to the sea.

The macroflora of the Posidonia slate can be described as extremely poor in species.[257] Apart from the remains of Horsetails, it is without exception the remains of coarse branches and fronds from gymnosperms, in which one has a certain can assume transport resistance. Remains of Ferns are completely missing, except for tall arboreal ferns (Peltaspermales).[258] Mostly of the flora was reported from the area of Braunschweig.[257] The major explanation for the flora could be that the plants in question are mono-or oligotypic stands on the edge of the waters that flow into the Posidonienschiefer sea, probably tear away in the course of flood events, easily fragmented during transport and wave waves, possibly especially in the occasional storm events postulated.[259] In terms of taphonomy, this would result in a comparison with today's reed Phragmites, which can form extensive stocks on the edge of shallower and slowly flowing waters ("Reed belts").[257] The Wood remnants clearly indicate one higher diversity of Coniferous flora in the delivery area than the remains of leafy branches.[257] This fact is likely to be proportionate, similar to that frequent occurrence of charcoalized or gagged trunks, mostly of them are believed to be "driftwoods" that only take a long time drifting also suggests a frequent settlement with mussels and full-grown Sea Lilies.[257][259] The deposition settings are at large distance from the nearest coastline (for southern Germany about 100 kilometers), making only plants strong to transportation able to resist enough to get deposited.[260][141] At Irlbach and Kheleim, NE of Regensburg, where the Posidonienschiefer has its near mainland deposit with abundant sand, a rich deposit filled with plant remains of different kind (Seds, Reproductive organs, Leafs, Stems, Cuticles and wood) with traces of coal was recovered, however, it was never studied in depth.[78] Of all the plant material expected only a few Bennetites leafs and two conifer branches with leaves where cited and none studied.[78] At the Austrian realm The sachrang Member was developed in the basinal area, while the Unken Member, sandwiched between red, often condensed limestones, represents the marginal facies.[40] Due to be more marginal and connected with the southern Vindelician land, the most diverse palynological assemblages of the formation are found, transported from zonas with moldanuvian granites as proven by the feldspar accumulations.[40]

Phytoclasts

[edit]

Phytoclasts have been recovered from several sections on the formation, but only studied in depth from the Dotternhausen and specially Dormettingen.[46] Here two kinds of Phytoclasts where recovered, opaque phytoclasts (charcoal, indicator of wildfire activity on nearby landmasses, indicator of seasonal alterations of the water column) and translucent phytoclasts (indicator of proximal landmasses with high availability of wood and other plant material, as well transport conditions).[46] On the lowermost part of the section opaque phytoclasts are low (15% of the total organic matter) while translucent are incredibly abundant (40%), lowering its abundance to a 20-10% on the next section.[46] The Exaratum Subzone is the only one with an inverse trend and more abundance of opaque phytoclasts. On the Bifrons level, both types reach between a 15% and a 30%, showing a rapid increase, to decrease on the end of the section to values of less than 10%.[46] Opaque Phytoclasts, for a supposed marine deposit are relatively abundant on some sections, whose decreasing on others suggest (along with increasing levels of Kaolinite) an increased delivery of land plant material by rivers, from areas with wetter climate and less frequent fires, while its rise suggest the opposite, nearby continental setting with dry climate and continuous wildfire activity.[46]

Palynology

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Alisporites[33][261][262]

  • A. grandis
  • A. radialis
  • A. microsaccus
  • A. lowoodensis
  • A. thomasi
  • A. robustus
  • A. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Salem Borehole

Pollen

Affinities with the families Peltaspermaceae, Corystospermaceae or Umkomasiaceae inside Peltaspermales. Pollen of Uncertain provenance, that can be derived from any of the members of the Peltaspermales. The lack o distinctive characters and bad conservation are among the main factors to make this Palynological residues difficult to classify. Arboreal to arbustive seed ferns.

Baculatisporites[262]

  • B. spp.
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with the family Osmundaceae in the Polypodiopsida. Near fluvial current ferns, related to the modern Osmunda regalis.

Callialasporites[35][36][262]

  • C. dampieri
  • C. turbatus
  • C. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah

Pollen

Affinities with Pinaceae inside Coniferae.

Extant Pinus Cone, example of the Pinidae. Callialasporites is similar to the pollen found on this genus

Cerebropollenites[38][33][262][263][261]

  • C.mesozoicus
  • C. macroverrucosus
  • C. thiergartii
  • C. sp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Dutch Central Graben
  • West Netherlands Basin
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Schandelah
  • Salem Borehole

Pollen

Affinities with both Sciadopityaceae and Miroviaceae inside Pinopsida. This Pollen resemblance with extant Sciadopitys suggest that Miroviaceae can be an extinct lineage of sciadopityaceaous-like plants.[264]

Extant Sciadopitys. Cerebropollenites likely come from a related plant

Chasmatosporites[261][262][46][263]

  • C. apertus
  • C. megaverruculosus
  • C. hians
  • C.elegans
  • C. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Dutch Central Graben
  • West Netherlands Basin
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Dormettingen

Pollen

Affinities with Cycadaceae and probably Cycadales. Alternatively can be Pollen from Bennettitales. It is the most abundant non conifer Pollen recovered on the formation, recovered on all the major sampled areas. Probably derived from arbustive cycads, this genus is related with dry settings, even from desertic regions.

Closer Look of Macrozamia cones, a common Cycad. Chasmatosporites maybe come from a related plant

Circulina[40]

  • C. meyeriana
  • Unken, sample 1

Pollen

Affinities with the Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. Pollen from Arboreal to Arbustive Plants. It is rare on the Samples measured.

Circumpollis[38][265][46]

  • C. pharisaeus
  • C. philosophus
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah
  • Dormettingen

Pollen

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae. Pollen of medium to large arboreal plants, specially coniferales.

Classopollis[33][263][262][261][46][38]

  • C. meyeriana
  • C. simplex
  • C. classoides
  • C. dellassis
  • C. reclusus
  • C. striatus
  • C. tetradenverband
  • C. torosus
  • C. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Dutch Central Graben
  • West Netherlands Basin
  • Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Schandelah
  • Dormettingen
  • Salem Borehole

Pollen

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae inside Coniferae. Abundant on the Lower Jurassic of North and Southern Europe, represents pollen of medium to large arboreal plants, specially coniferales. The abundance of pollen of Classopollis and other thermophile plants was observed in this region in the lower Toarcian from the end of the antiquum (= tenuicostatum) zone to the middle of commune zone.[266] Classopollis is correlated with evaporites and are therefore associated with desert basins, but the shrubs may have also lived in xeric upland areas with seasonal fires. Evidence of fires is absent on the marine Posidonienschiefer, but has been recovered on the coeval nearshore calcareous sandstones.[266] It increases with the appearance of charcoal phytoclasts, as derived from dry settings with increased wilfires.[46]

Clavatipollenites[262][267]

  • C. palaeoserratus
  • C. spp.
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah

Pollen

Affinities with Gnetopsida and probably Gnetophyta. Has Been considered Pollen of Chloranthaceae. However, it is too old for belonging to advanced Angiosperms. It probably comes from cones related to the Genera Piroconites kuesperti from the Lowermost Jurassic of Germany, resembling pollen of extant Ephedra and Welwitschia.

Closer Look of Ephedra cones, a common Gnetal. Clavatipollenites maybe come from a related plant

Concavisporites[40][262]

  • C. cf. kaiseri
  • C. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Unken, samples 3-4

Spores

Affinities with Gleicheniaceae inside Gleicheniales. Suggest relative increase of humidity on the rivers flowing towards the Austrian realm. Most abundant Fern spore in this region.

Dicranopteris, Concavisporites come probably from similar genera

Crassipollenites[38][265]

  • C. diffusus
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah

Pollen

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae and Araucariaceae inside Pinaceae. Non concreted affinities

Cyathidites[46]

  • C. sp.
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben

Spores

Affinities with the family Cyatheaceae inside Cyatheales. Arboreal Fern Spores

Example of extant Cyathea, Cyathidites come probably from similar genera

Cycadopites[40]

  • C. cf. follicularis
  • Unken, samples 1-3

Pollen

Affinities with the Cycadopsida inside Cycadales. Pollen related with modern Cycas, arbustive to lower floor plants, relatively abundant, present on various of the measured samples. The mos common found on the Austrian realm, indicator of dry settings.

Encephalartos, Cycadopites come probably from similar genera

Deltoidosporites[33][40][262]

  • D. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Salem Borehole
  • Unken, sample 5

Spores

Affinities with Dicksoniaceae inside Pteridopsida. Tree Fern Spores

Modern Dicksonia, Deltoidosporites come probably from similar genera

Densosporites[262]

  • D. spp.
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with the Selaginellaceae in the Lycopsida. Herbaceous lycophyte flora, similar to ferns, found in humid settings

Extant Selaginella, typical example of Selaginellaceae

Disaccites[38][265]

  • D. reclusus
  • D. sp.
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah

Pollen

Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen From arbustive to arboreal plants

Extant Afrocarpus Cone, example of the Podocarpaceae. Disaccites is similar to the pollen found on this genus

Exesipollenites[261]

  • E. tumulus
  • E. spp.
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben

Pollen

Affinities with the family Cupressaceae inside Pinopsida. Pollen that resembles extant genera such as the Genus Actinostrobus and Austrocedrus, probably derived from Dry environments.

Extant Austrocedrus. Exesipollenites maybe come from a related plant

Kraeuselisporites[46][262]

  • K. reissingeri
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with Selaginellaceae and probably Lycopsida. A rare element on the palynological records of the German Basin, although more abundant than any other Spore recovered locally.

Inaperturopollenites[34][265]

  • I. orbiculatus
  • Bisingen/Zimmern Borehole
  • Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen

Pollen

Affinities with the Pinidae inside Coniferae. Abundant on the Lower Jurassic of NW Europe. Its identification on the Posidonienschiefer is rather complex due to the bad preservation of the Pollen Grains.

Extant Pinus cembra Cone, example of the Pinidae. Inaperturopollenites is similar to the pollen found on this genus

Ischyosporites[40]

  • I. cf. variegatus
  • I. sp
  • Unken, probes 4-5

Spores

Affinities with Pteridopsida. Spores from several types of ferns, relatively rare, present only on 2 samples.

Leptolepidites[262]

  • L. equatibossus
  • L. sp.
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with the family Dennstaedtiaceae in the Polypodiales. Forest fern spores.

Extant Dennstaedtia specimens; Leptolepidites probably comes from similar genera

Lycopodiacidites[40]

  • L. infragranulatus
  • Unken, sample 3

Spores

Affinities with the Ophioglossaceae inside Filicopsida. Spores related with modern floor Ferns, that appear on abundant water locations. The Unken Member is considered a more basinal deposit, where Wood and Sporomorph remains are more common.

Ophioglossum, Lycopodiacidites come probably from similar genera

Osmundacidites[46][262]

  • O. wellmanii
  • O. spp.
  • Dormettingen
  • Hondelage
  • Beienrode
  • Grassel
  • Schandelah
  • Hattorf, Fallersleben
  • Flechtorf near Fallersleben

Spores

Affinities with the family Osmundaceae inside Polypodiopsida. Near Fluvial currents ferns, reted to the modern Osmunda regalis

Example of extant Osmunda specimens, Osmundacidites come probably from similar genera or maybe a species from the genus

Podocarpidites[262]

  • P. ellipticus
  • P. sp.
  • Dormettingen

Pollen

Affinities with the Podocarpaceae inside Pinopsida. Conifer pollen from medium to large arboreal plants

Extant Podocarpus. Podocarpidites maybe come from a related plant

Polycingulatisporites[262]

  • P. spp.
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with the family Notothyladaceae inside Anthocerotopsida. Hornwort spores.

Example of extant Notothylas specimens

Quadraeculina[262]

  • Q. anaellaeformis
  • Dormettingen

Pollen

Affinities with Podocarpaceae and Pinaceae inside Coniferophyta.

Retitriletes[262]

  • R.austroclavatidites
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with Lycopodiaceae inside Lycopsida.

Spheripollenites[34][33][265][46]

  • S.subgranulatus
  • S. sp.
  • Bisingen/Zimmern borehole
  • Klein Lehmhagen pit, Grimmen
  • Dormettingen
  • Salem Borehole

Pollen

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinaceae. Abundant on the Lower Jurassic of NW Europe. Spheripollenites co-occurs on the coeval Sorthat Formation with cuticles of Dactyletrophyllum ramonensis, and after a test of relationships it was found a highly significant correlation that may suggest that the species S. psilatus was produced by the conifer genus Dactyletrophyllum.[268]

Stereisporites[262]

  • S. psilatus
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with Sphagnaceae inside Sphagnopsida.

Striatella[262]

  • S. seebergensis
  • S. sp.
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with Polypodiaceae inside Filicopsida.

Todisporites[262]

  • T. major
  • Dormettingen

Spores

Affinities with Osmundaceae inside Filicopsida.

Equisetaceae

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Equisetites[257][141]

  • E. cf. muensteri
  • E. cf. columnaris
  • E. sp.
  • Kerkhofen
  • Holzmaden
  • Hondelage
  • Schandelah[89]

Stems

Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetopsida. Number of mostly very fragmented and not particularly well preserved, but clear horsetail remains described. So far recognizable, leaf sheaths where developed in most cases, but the state of preservation does not allow a more precise determination.[269][270]

Neocalamites[257][141][271]

  • N. merianii
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Holzmaden
  • Hondelange
  • Kerkhofen
  • Schandelah
  • Bascharange

Stems and incomplete axes

Affinities with Equisetaceae inside Equisetopsida. Neocalamites is the most common more distributed of all the Posidonia Shale, being even found on Luxembourg Posidonia Strata.[271] Mostly of the Stems reported come from Aeolian-Dunar related deposits, or from nearshore-basinal deposition. Probably was related to the seashore.[271] Some stems are big, resembling the rates of growth seen on modern Bamboo specimens, suggesting +6–7 m tall Equisetopsids.[271]

Neocalamites merianii specimen

Pteridospermatophyta

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Pachypteris[257][272]

  • P. nordenskioeldii
  • Braunschweig
  • One specimen of pteridosperm frond.

Affinities with Umkomasiaceae inside Corystospermaceae. Is based on bipinnate leaves, rachis longitudinally striated, with a long petiole and secondary rachises. It belongs to large tree ferns. Sachrang Formation Specimen is characterized for its large size and probably where attached to trunks similar in built to the Cretaceous genus Tempskya.[272]

The only Pachypteris specimen know from the Sachrang Formation

Bennettitales

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Glossozamites[257][269][273]

  • G. oblongifolius
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
 Leaflets

A member of Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales. Identified originally as Zamites oblongifolius

Otozamites[257][273][274]

  • O. gracilis
  • O. bechei
  • O. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Ohmden
  • Hondelange
  • Bascharage[196]
 Leaflets

Affinities with Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. It is the most abundant non conifer foliar fossil on the environment.

Otozamites gracilis specimen from the Sachrang Formation

Pterophyllum[257][269][273]

  • P. acutifolium
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Altdorf
 Leaflets

Affinities with Cycadeoidaceae inside Bennettitales. Some specimens were assigned to "Dioonites acutifolium".

Pterophyllum fossil

Ptilophyllum[257][269][141]

  • P. gracilis
  • P. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
 Leaflets

Affinities with Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales.

Ptilophyllum sp. specimen from the Sachrang Formation

Zamites[257][269][273]

  • Z. mandelslohi
  • Banz
  • Irlbach
  • Holzmaden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Altdorf
 Leaflets

A member of Williamsoniaceae inside Bennettitales.

Zamites mandelslohi specimen

Ginkgoales

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Ginkgoites[257][269][267][258]

  • G. digitata
  • G. sp.
  • Schandelah[89]
  • Ohmden
 Leave Compressions

Affinities with Ginkgoaceae inside Ginkgoales. In the southern and northern Germany, there are regular remains of coal, which are initially reminiscent of small Ginkgo leaves. The leaves are hard to identify, more or less regularly concentric structures, as they sometimes appear like the coarse fruiting bodies of wood-dwelling fungi, such as the genus Trametes.

Ginkgoites digitata specimens

Pinophyta

[edit]
Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Brachyphyllum[257][197][275]

  • B. sp.
  • Holzmaden
  • Hondelange
  • Schandelah
 Branched Shoots

Affinities with Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales.

Conites[197]

  • "C." supraliasicus
  • Hondelange
 Seed Cones

Affinities with Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. Represent various kinds of cones from diverse conifer origin.

Hirmeriella[257]

  • H. sp.
  • Dotternhausen

Ovuliferous dwarf-shoots

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae.

Pagiophyllum[257][273]

  • P. kurri
  • P. araucarinum
  • P. falcatum
  • P. sp.
  • Obereggenen im Breisgau
  • Aselfingen
  • Gomaringen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen
  • Irlbach
  • Hondelange
  • Mistelgau
  • Schandelah[89]
  • Bascharange
 Branched Shoots

Affinities with Araucariaceae or Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales. Pagiophyllum araucarinum predominates among the types of leafy coniferous branches found locally.

Pagiophyllum kurri specimen from Banz

Widdringtonites[257][275]

  • W. liasicus
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Irlbach
 Branched Shoots

A possible ancestral member of the Callitroideae inside Cupressaceae, or a member of Cheirolepidiaceae. Named also "Cupressites" liasinus, represents probably Arbustive to arboreal-derived axis.

Widdringtonites liasinus specimen from the Sachrang Formation

Fossil wood

[edit]

Fossil Wood increases on the marginal Unken Member, with great amounts of logs and fragments of more than 1 m. Surface studies suggest relationships with the wood genera identified on the coeval Úrkút Manganese Ore Formation.[276]

Genus Species Location Material Notes Images

Agathoxylon[14]

  • cf. A. sp.
  • Dotternhausen
  • Ohmden
  • Holzmaden

Wood

Affinities with Araucariaceae inside Pinales. One of the largest known rafting wood specimens on the fossil record is assigned to this genus, with a length of 18 m.[14]

Araucarioxylon (=Agathoxylon) reconstruction

Araucariopytis[47]

  • A. nicri
  • A. tubingense
  • A. sp.
  • Dotternhausen
  • Ohmden
  • Holzmaden

Wood

Affinities with Abietinae inside Pinales.

Abies specimen, whose role was probably covered by the makers of the Araucariopytis woods.

Circoporoxylon[257][277][278]

  • C. grandiporosum
  • Braunschweig area
  • GroßGschaidt near Erlangen

Wood

Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinales.

Cupressinoxylon[257][258]

  • C. sp.
  • Reutlingen
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Wood

Affinities with Cupressaceae inside Pinales.

Metasequoia specimen, whose role was probably covered by the makers of the Cupressinoxylon woods.

Podocarpoxylon[257][258]

  • P. sp.
  • cf. P. sp.
  • "Georg-Friedrich" mine not far from Liebenberg near Grauhof in the Harz foreland
  • Wenzen between Einbeck and Alfeld
  • Mistelgau
  • Altdorf

Wood

Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinales.

Podocarpoxylon specimen

Protocupressinoxylon[257][279]

  • P. catenatum
  • P. liasinum
  • Mistlegau
  • Hondelange
  • Glasser
  • Kerkhofen
  • Altdorf
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden

Wood

Affinities with Cheirolepidiaceae inside Pinales.

Protocupressinoxylon catenatum specimen

Protophyllocladoxylon[257][258]

  • P. quedlinburgense
  • P. franconicum
  • Kerkhofen
  • Altdorf
  • Meilenhofen
  • Dörlbach

Wood

Affinities with Podocarpaceae or Cupressaceae inside Pinales.

Bivalves added to a Protophyllocladoxylon driftwood

"Protopinaceae"[257][280]

  • P. sp.
  • Hondelange
  • Beienrode
  • Schandelah
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Wood

Wood of the Protopinaceae, a possible "morpho-group" of the family Cheirolepidiaceae.[281]

Phyllocladoxylon[257][258]

  • P. sp.
  • Hondelange
  • Hattorf
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Altdorf

Wood

Affinities with Podocarpaceae inside Pinales.

Taxodioxylon[257][282]

  • cf. T. sp.
  • Altdorf
  • Korbach
  • Hondelange
  • Holzmaden
  • Ohmden
  • Dotternhausen

Wood

Affinities with the Cupressaceae inside Pinales.

Taxodium distichum specimen, whose role was probably covered by the makers of the Taxodioxylon woods.

Xenoxylon[257][278][283]

  • X. phyllocladoides
  • X. cf. barberi
  • X. ellipticum
  • Braunschweig area
  • Taught near Hanover
  • Dörnten not far from Liebenburg, district of Goslar

Wood

Affinities with Coniferales, concretely is closer to the Podocarpaceae, Cupressaceae and in a lesser extend to the Cheirolepidiaceae. Finally can be a member of the extinct family Miroviaceae.

References

[edit]
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