Jump to content

Stafford

Coordinates: 52°48′25″N 2°07′01″W / 52.807°N 2.117°W / 52.807; -2.117
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Stafford, Staffordshire)
This article is about the town in England. For other uses, see Stafford (disambiguation).

Stafford
Stafford is located in Staffordshire
Stafford
Stafford
Location within Staffordshire
Population71,673 (2021 Census)
OS grid referenceSJ922232
District
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Suburbs of the town
List
Post townSTAFFORD
Postcode districtST16-ST21
Dialling code01785
PoliceStaffordshire
FireStaffordshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
Websitestaffordbc.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Staffordshire
52°48′25″N 2°07′01″W / 52.807°N 2.117°W / 52.807; -2.117

Stafford (/ˈstæfərd/) is a market town and the county town of Staffordshire, England. It is located about 15 miles (24 km) south of Stoke-on-Trent, 15 miles (24 km) north of Wolverhampton, and 24 miles (39 km) northwest of Birmingham. The town had a population of 71,673 in 2021,[1] and is the main settlement within the larger Borough of Stafford, which had a population of 136,837 in 2021.[2]

Stafford has Anglo-Saxon roots, being founded in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of Mercia founded a defensive burh, it became the county town of Staffordshire soon after. Stafford became an important market town in the Middle Ages, and later grew into an important industrial town due to the proliferation of shoemaking, engineering and electrical industries.

History

[edit]

Ancient

[edit]

Prehistoric finds suggest scattered settlements in the area, whilst 2.5 miles (4.0 km) south-west of the town lies an Iron Age hill fort at Berry Ring. There is also evidence of Roman activity in the area, with finds around Clark and Eastgate Street. However it is thought that the Romans reclaimed the marsh for agriculture rather than settlement.[3]

Anglo-Saxon

[edit]

Stafford means "ford" by a staithe (landing place). The original settlement was on a near island, on a gravelly lowland bounded by loop of the River Sow to the south and west (a tributary of the River Trent). The eastern boundary was formed by Sandyford brook, with a marshy area to the north. Despite many drains being constructed in the 19th century, the area is still prone to flooding.[3]

Map of Stafford by John Speed circa 1611

Stafford has been identified as the island of Bethney, or Bethnei where St Bertelin is said to have founded a hermitage about AD 700, before moving to a more remote area.[4][5][3]

Others then settled in the area and named it Stafford. There may have been a settlement near the river crossing in 913, when Æthelflæd, Lady of Mercia founded a burh (fortified settlement) at Stafford; one of many founded across Mercia as part of her campaign against the Danes (Vikings). A mint was founded at Stafford by King Æthelstan (924-39) which continued in operation until the reign of Henry II (1154–89).[3] Stafford also provided an industrial area for centralised production of Roman-style pottery (Stafford Ware),[6] which was supplied to a chain of West Midlands burhs.

The county of Staffordshire was formed at about this time, with Stafford as its county town. Stafford lay within the Pirehill hundred.[7]

Norman and medieval

[edit]

In 1069, a rebellion by Eadric the Wild against the Norman conquest culminated in the Battle of Stafford. Two years later another rebellion, led by Edwin, Earl of Mercia, ended in Edwin's assassination and distribution of his lands among the followers of William the Conqueror, who granted Robert de Tonei (later known as Robert de Stafford) the manor of Bradley and one third of the king's rents in Stafford. The estate became the seat of the powerful Stafford family.[8]

Stafford Castle

Stafford Castle, was first built by Robert de Stafford on a nearby hilltop to the west around 1070.[8] It was first made of wood and later rebuilt in stone around 1348. It has been rebuilt since.[9]

Stafford was a walled town by 1086. The town walls were probably wooden originally, but later rebuilt in stone. There were four gates on the roads into the town from the north, south, east and west. By around 1670 the walls were in ruin, and their remnants were gradually demolished.[10]

Stafford became an important market town during the Middle Ages, which had a particular focus of trading cloth and wool.[4] By the 1280s there were various trades such as tanning, glove making and shoe making being practised in the town. A guild of shoemakers was founded in 1476.[11]

Medieval Stafford was served by two churches; St Chad's, which is the oldest building in Stafford, dating from the mid-12th century, and St Mary's which dates from the early-13th century.[4][12]

King Richard II was paraded through the town's streets as a prisoner in 1399, by troops loyal to Henry Bolingbroke (the future Henry IV).[4]

Tudor

[edit]

In 1521, Stafford was described as 'a proper and fair town', although it went into decline during the Tudor period, and in 1540, many of the houses were described as being in a state of disrepair. Elizabeth I visited Stafford in 1575, at this time the town was still in a state of decay.[3]

The Ancient High House, believed to be the largest timber-framed town house in England, was built in 1595 by John Dorrington; it was extensively restored during 1976-86.[13]

17th century

[edit]

When James I visited Stafford in 1617, he was said to be so impressed by the Shire Hall and other buildings that he called it "Little London".[4]

The author Izaak Walton was born in Stafford. Portrait by Jacob Huysmans

During the English Civil War, Stafford was initially held by the Royalists; King Charles I visited Stafford shortly after the outbreak of the war in September 1642, staying for three days at the Ancient High House. The town resisted two assaults by the Parliamentarians in February 1643, but was later taken by them in May 1643, when a force led by Sir William Brereton captured the town by stealth. Stafford then became the seat of the parliamentary county committee.[3] Stafford Castle was defended by a garrison led by Lady Isabel Stafford, but the Parliamentarians finally won control in 1643. A few months later an order was given for the demolition of the castle.[9] However, Stafford's famous son Izaak Walton, author of The Compleat Angler, was a staunch Royalist.[4]

In 1658 Stafford elected John Bradshaw, who had been judge at the trial of King Charles I, to represent the town in Parliament. During the reign of Charles II, William Howard, 1st Viscount Stafford became implicated in the Popish Plot, in which Titus Oates whipped up anti-Catholic feeling with claims of a plot to have the king killed. Lord Stafford was among those accused; he was unfortunate to be the first to be tried and was beheaded in 1680. The charge was false and on 4 June 1685, the bill of attainder against him was reversed.[14]

18th century to present

[edit]

The town was represented in Parliament from 1780 by the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan. During that period, the town's mechanised shoe industry was founded, the best-known factory owner being William Horton.[4] The shoemaking industry flourished over the next century, and became Stafford's staple trade, at its height in the 1880s, there were 39 manufacturers in the town. The industry went into steady decline from thereon, and by 1958 there was just one manufacturer, Lotus remaining.[11] The last shoe factory was demolished in 1998.[15]

In 1814, Stafford was linked to the canal network by the River Sow Navigation; a short navigation which linked Stafford to the Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal. The navigation fell into disuse in the 1930s.[16]

The railways arrived in Stafford in 1837 when the Grand Junction Railway was opened, linking the Liverpool and Manchester Railway to Birmingham, which provided the first rail connection to London. The Trent Valley Railway to Rugby and then direct to London, was opened in 1847. Two more lines, both now closed then followed, from Stafford to Shrewsbury in 1849, and to Uttoxeter in 1867. Stafford became a major junction, which helped to attract other industries.[16]

In the late 19th century, Stafford's economy began to diversify into engineering, when the locomotive manufacturer W. G. Bagnall opened a large works in the town in 1875. In the early 1900s electrical engineering became a major activity, when Siemens Brothers, opened a large factory in the town, producing such items as electrical motors, generators and transformers. The electrical industry has been under the ownership of several companies since, including English Electric and GEC.[11]

The Friars' Walk drill hall was completed in 1913, just in time for the First World War.[17]

The M6 motorway was opened to the west of Stafford in 1962.[18]

In 2013 Stafford celebrated its 1,100th anniversary year with a number of history-based exhibitions, while local historian Nick Thomas and writer Roger Butters were set to produce the two-volume A Compleat [sic] History of Stafford.

Civic history

[edit]

Stafford was already an ancient borough by the time of the Domesday Book of 1086. Its borough status was confirmed in 1206, when King John issued a charter. Stafford was reconstituted as a municipal borough in 1835. The borough boundaries were expanded in 1876, 1917 and 1934.[19]

The modern Borough of Stafford covers a much larger area then the town itself, and was created in 1974, when the old municipal borough of Stafford was merged with the Stafford Rural District, the Stone Rural District and the Stone Urban District.[19]

Historic population

[edit]
Year 1622 1801 1831 1861 1881 1911 1951 1971 2001 2021
Population*
[3][1] 		1,550 3,898 6,956 12,532 19,977 23,383 40,263 55,001 62,789 71,673

Landmarks

[edit]
Ancient High House
View from Stafford Castle

The Elizabethan Ancient High House in the town centre is the largest timber-framed town house in England.[20] It is now a museum with temporary exhibitions.

Stafford Castle was built by the Normans on the nearby hilltop to the west in about 1090, replacing the post-Conquest fort in the town. It was first made of wood, and later rebuilt of stone. It has been rebuilt twice since, and the ruins of the 19th-century Gothic revival castle crowning the earthworks incorporate much of the original stonework. The castle has a visitor centre with audio-visual displays and hands-on items. There is also a recreated medieval herb garden. Shakespeare productions take place in the castle grounds each summer. The castle forms a landmark for drivers, as it is visible from the M6 motorway.

St Chad's Church, Stafford

The oldest building now in Stafford is St Chad's Church, dating back to the 12th century.[21] The main part of the church is richly decorated. Carvings in its archways and on its pillars may have been made by a group of stonemasons from the Middle East who came to England during the Crusades. Much of the stonework was covered up in the 17th and 18th centuries and the church took on a neo-classical style. In the early 19th-century restoration, work was carried out on the church and the Norman decoration rediscovered. The church hosts "Timewalk", a computer-generated display that relates the journey of history and mystery within the walls of the church.

St Mary's, the collegiate church formerly linked to St Bertelin's chapel, was rebuilt in the early 13th century on a cruciform plan, with an aisled nave and chancel typical of the period. It has an impressive octagonal tower, once topped by a tall steeple, which can be picked out in Gough's plan shown above. The church was effectively two churches in one, divided by a screen, with the parish using the nave and the collegiate canons the chancel. St Mary's was restored in 1842 by Giles Gilbert Scott.[22]

Shire Hall and Market Square

The Shire Hall was built in 1798 as a court house and office of the Mayor and Clerk of Stafford.[23] The Shire Hall used to be the town's court house, and is a Grade II listed building. In recent times, the building was used as an art gallery and library, before a new facility was built within the new council buildings, The Market Square has recently gone under a £2 million redevelopment which was completed in November 2023.

Green Hall on Lichfield Road is a Grade II listed manor house (now apartments), originally built about 1810 as Forebridge Hall, known after 1880 as Green Hall. It was previously used as a girls' school and as council offices.[24]

The Shugborough Hall country estate is 4 miles (6.4 km) out of town. It once belonged to the Earls of Lichfield and is now owned by the National Trust. The 19th-century Sandon Hall is 5 miles (8.0 km) north-east of Stafford. It is set in 400 acres (1.6 km2) of parkland, as the seat of the Earl of Harrowby. Weston Hall stands 5 miles (8.0 km) east of Stafford, in the Trent valley with a large park and was once part of the Chartley estate. It is thought that the main part of the hall was built about 1550 as a small dower house, but the architectural evidence suggests it is Jacobean. Weston Hall was extended in 1660 into a three-gabled structure with high-pitched roofs.[25]

Culture

[edit]

Stafford Gatehouse Theatre is the town's main entertainment and cultural venue. Its Met Studio is a dedicated to stand-up comedy and alternative live music. There is an art gallery in the Shire Hall. Staffordshire County Showground, just outside the town, holds many national and local events. The annual Shakespeare Festival at Stafford Castle has attracted many notable people, including Frank Sidebottom and Ann Widdecombe.

Victoria Park, Stafford

Victoria Park, opened in 1908, is a 13-acre (53 ha) Edwardian riverside park with a play park, bowling green, bird cages and greenhouses. It has a children's play area, a sand-and-water-jet area replacing an open-air paddling pool, and a bmx/skateboard area. Stafford also has a 9-hole golf course near the town centre.

Recent developments on Riverside allowed for an expansion of the town, notably with a new Odeon cinema to replace the ageing one at the end of the high street. Stafford Film Theatre is based at the Gatehouse Theatre and shows independent and alternative films. There is a tenpin bowling alley at Greyfriars Place. The new Stafford Leisure Centre opened in 2008 on Lammascote Road.

Night life consists of smaller bar and club venues such as Casa, the Grapes, the Picture House, neighbouring night clubs Couture and Poptastic, Hogarths, and rock gigs at the live music venue Redrum. Most of these are in walking distance of each other. There is a big student patronage, with coaches bringing them from Stoke-on-Trent, Cannock, and Wolverhampton.

A new shopping centre was completed in 2017, housing major stores and a number of restaurants, The guildhall shopping centre no longer is open

Media

[edit]

Newspapers

[edit]

Stafford is covered by the Express and Star and Staffordshire Newsletter,[26] neither of which have offices in the town.

Television

[edit]

Stafford is covered by BBC West Midlands and ITV Central, both broadcasting from Birmingham to the wider West Midlands region. Stafford is mainly served by the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, just north of Birmingham, but some residents get a better picture from The Wrekin transmitting station, near Telford.

Radio

[edit]

In terms of BBC Local Radio, Stafford is covered by BBC Radio Stoke, with a transmitter based on top of the County Education building.[27] In commercial radio, Stafford is covered by Greatest Hits Radio programming from London, Manchester or Birmingham for most of the day), broadcasting on 96.1 FM from a transmitter at Pye Green BT Tower, near Hednesford.

Stafford can also receive the West Midlands regionals, like Heart West Midlands and Smooth West Midlands, and is at the very north of the Hits Radio Black Country & Shropshire coverage area.

BFBS Gurkha Radio broadcasts locally on 1278 kHz medium wave from Beacon Barracks.

The town's first community licensed station, Stafford FM, launches in 2015 after a number of restricted service FM licences. The station rebranded in April 2024 to Vibe 1, and remains the only commercial radio station with a fixed studio broadcasting from Stafford, to Stafford.

Climate

[edit]

Like most of the British Isles, Stafford has a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. The nearest Met Office weather station is at Penkridge, about 5 miles to the south.

Climate data for Stafford 101 m asl, 1971–2000
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) 6.5
(43.7) 		6.9
(44.4) 		9.5
(49.1) 		12.0
(53.6) 		15.7
(60.3) 		18.4
(65.1) 		21.1
(70.0) 		20.8
(69.4) 		17.5
(63.5) 		13.5
(56.3) 		9.5
(49.1) 		7.4
(45.3) 		13.3
(55.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) 1.0
(33.8) 		1.0
(33.8) 		2.5
(36.5) 		3.5
(38.3) 		6.2
(43.2) 		8.9
(48.0) 		11.1
(52.0) 		10.9
(51.6) 		9.0
(48.2) 		6.4
(43.5) 		3.3
(37.9) 		1.8
(35.2) 		5.5
(41.9)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 62.7
(2.47) 		44.4
(1.75) 		51.2
(2.02) 		48.5
(1.91) 		52.7
(2.07) 		59.3
(2.33) 		46.7
(1.84) 		57.7
(2.27) 		63.6
(2.50) 		60.5
(2.38) 		62.0
(2.44) 		66.8
(2.63) 		676.0
(26.61)
Mean monthly sunshine hours 45.3 59.0 89.9 129.9 179.5 160.8 183.5 168.6 122.1 94.6 58.5 38.4 1,330.1
Source: MetOffice[28]

Economy

[edit]

Stafford has a history of shoemaking as far back as 1476, when it was a cottage industry,[29] but a manufacturing process was introduced in the 1700s.[29] William Horton founded a business in 1767 that became the largest shoe company in Stafford, selling worldwide. He had several government contracts through the town's Member of Parliament (MP), the playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan. The shoe industry gradually died out in the late 20th century, with Lotus Shoes the last manufacturer.[30] Its factory in Sandon Road was demolished in 2001 and replaced by housing.

A locomotive firm, WG Bagnall, was set up in 1875 to manufacture steam engines for the London, Midland & Scottish Railway and the Great Western Railway. Between 1875 and 1962, the Castle Engine Works in Castle Town produced 1,869 locomotives, including steam, diesel and electric. It was taken over in 1961 by English Electric, which also bought the Stafford-based engine manufacturer WH Dorman & Company. This had merged with Bagnall's by then.[11]

Since 1901, a major industrial activity has been heavy electrical engineering, particularly power station transformers. The works have been successively owned by Siemens Brothers, English Electric, GEC and GEC Alsthom.[11] Alstom T&D was sold in 2004 to Areva. At the end of 2009, Areva T&D was split between former owners Alstom and Schneider Electric. At the end of 2015, the works were acquired by General Electric consolidating Stafford as the Centre of Excellence for HVDC, AC Substations and Converter Transformers. Each transformer weighs several hundred tons and a road train is used for transport. In the 1968 Hixon rail crash, one such road train was struck by an express train on a level crossing.

British Reinforced Concrete Engineering (BRC) moved from Manchester, and opened a large factory in Stafford in 1926. In the late 1970s, BRC employed around 750 people in Stafford,[11] however the business declined, and the factory closed in 1990.[31]

Perkins Engines has a factory for diesel engines in Littleworth. Adhesives manufacturer Bostik has a large factory in the town. Stafford is also a dormitory town for commuting to Stoke-on-Trent and Birmingham.

Private service industries based in Stafford include TopCashback. The public sector provides much local employment, with Staffordshire County Council, Stafford Borough Council and Staffordshire Police all headquartered in the town. Stafford Prison, County Hospital and Beacon Barracks are other sources of public-sector employment.

The town was home to the computer science and IT campus of Staffordshire University, along with Beaconside campus, which housed the Faculty of Computing Engineering and Technology and part of the Business School. These have all been transferred to Stoke-on-Trent. The only block of Stafford University left in use is the School of Health in Blackheath Lane, which teaches medical nursing. The main Stoke campus lies about 18 miles (30 km) to the north.

The Guildhall Shopping Centre in the centre of town offered over 40 retail outlets, it has since closed The three superstores around the main town centre were joined by two others in 2018.

Demographics

[edit]

At the 2021 census there were 70,145 residents in Stafford, up from 68,472, in the 2011 census, and 62,440 in the 2001 census.[1]

In terms of ethnicity in 2021:[1]

  • 90.6% of Stafford residents were White
  • 4.5% were Asian
  • 1.6% were Black
  • 2.3% were Mixed.
  • 0.7% were from another ethnic group.

In terms of religion, 51.8% of Stafford residents identified as Christian, 42.9% said they had no religion, 1.7% were Muslim, 1.5% were Hindu, 0.8% were Sikh, 0.6% were Buddhists, and 0.6% were from another religion.[1]

Transport

[edit]

Railways

[edit]
Stafford railway station

Stafford railway station was once a major railway hub, but the suspension of passenger services on the Stafford to Uttoxeter line in 1939 and Beeching's closure of the Stafford to Shrewsbury Line in 1964 eliminated the station's east-west traffic. The years up to 2008 saw cross-country trains (operated by Virgin CrossCountry) stopping at Stafford less frequently. Since Arriva CrossCountry took over the franchise and adopted a new timetable in 2008, this has reversed and services between Manchester Piccadilly and Birmingham New Street almost always stop at Stafford, giving a service typically every 30 mins on weekdays. Beyond Birmingham, the services continue alternately to Bristol Temple Meads and Bournemouth.

Avanti West Coast services to London Euston and Liverpool Lime Street operate hourly in each direction seven days a week. In December 2008, London Midland introduced a service stopping at Stafford on the Crewe to London Euston route and a Birmingham New Street–Liverpool Lime Street service that departs from Stafford normally every 30 mins on weekdays. These are now operated by West Midlands Trains. At least one train a day in each direction between Birmingham New Street and Crewe is operated by Transport for Wales, usually the first and last of the day.

Roads

[edit]

Junctions 13 (Stafford South & Central) and 14 (Stafford North) of the M6 motorway provide access to the town, so that Birmingham and Manchester are easily reached. The A34 runs through the town centre and links with Stone and Stoke-on-Trent to the north and to the West Midlands conurbation to the south including Birmingham, Walsall and Wolverhampton. The A518 road connects Stafford with Telford to the south-west and Uttoxeter to the north-east. This is the main route to the theme park at Alton Towers. The A449 runs south from the town centre to the nearby town of Penkridge and to Wolverhampton. Finally, the A513 runs east from Stafford to the local towns of Rugeley and Lichfield.

Buses

[edit]

Following acquisition of Arriva Cannock depot in 2020, Local bus services in Stafford are operated by D&G Bus trading as Chaserider, running services to Lichfield, Cannock, Uttoxeter and Rugeley. Select Bus Services operate a number of local routes to the county town's suburbs, while Arriva Midlands runs one to Telford. National Express West Midlands had operated service 54 between Wolverhampton and Stafford until April 2020, when it was cut short and later withdrawn. Select Bus offer a replacement 877/878 to Wolverhampton calling at rural villages Bradley, Wheaton Aston, Brewood and Coven. Services to Stone and Stoke-on-Trent are handled by First Potteries (service 101).

Stafford has five taxi firms and several independent operators from ranks at the station, Bridge St, Broad St and Salter St.

Canal

[edit]

The Staffordshire and Worcestershire Canal runs close to the Baswich and Wildwood areas and was once linked to the River Sow by the River Sow Navigation.

Politics and public services

[edit]

Local government

[edit]
County Buildings, Martin Street, Stafford

Staffordshire County Council headquarters are in central Stafford. Most staff in the town work in the Staffordshire Place development, which opened in 2011.[32] The shift of administrative staff to Staffordshire Place meant conversion of most offices into private homes,[33] but the County Council still meets at County Buildings in Martin St.[34]

For much of the 20th century the local municipal council was based at the Borough Hall in Eastgate Street.[35] Following local government reorganisation in 1974, a modern Civic Centre was built for the enlarged Stafford Borough Council in Riverside and completed in 1978.[36][37]

The town's main library, once in the Shire Hall, it has moved to the ground floor of 1 Staffordshire Place,[38] with smaller libraries in Rising Brook, Baswich and Holmcroft. The William Salt Library in the town centre has a large collection of printed books, pamphlets, manuscripts, drawings, watercolours and transcripts built up by William Salt.

National representation

[edit]

Stafford has its own parliamentary constituency, represented since 2024 by Leigh Ingham of the Labour Party.

Emergency services

[edit]
Stafford Hospital

County Hospital provides a range of non-specialist medical and surgical services. Its accident and emergency unit is the only such facility in the town. In March 2009, the hospital was involved in a scandal after the release of a Healthcare Commission report that detailed severe failings.[39][40][41] St George's Hospital, part of the South Staffordshire and Shropshire Health Care Trust, is a combination of two historical hospitals: the Kingsmead (previously an elderly care facility) and St George's psychiatric hospital. It provides mental health services, including a psychiatric intensive care unit, secure units, an eating disorder unit, an EMI unit for the elderly and mentally frail, drug and alcohol addiction services, and open wards. There is an outpatient facility, where the town's Alcoholics Anonymous also meets. Rowley Hall Hospital in Rowley Park is private and run by Ramsay Healthcare, but offers some NHS treatment.[42] The town receives primary health care from the South Staffordshire Clinical Commissioning Group (CCG).

Policing is provided by Staffordshire Police, headquartered in Weston Road. Its former headquarters in Cannock Road is giving way to a housing estate.[when?] There is a town-centre police station in Eastgate St. Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Staffordshire Fire and Rescue Service, which has stations in Beaconside and Rising Brook.

Justice

[edit]
Stafford Crown Court

Stafford Crown Court and Stafford County Court share a building in the town centre. There was a magistrates' court in nearby South Walls, but it closed in 2016.[43] The Shire Hall, completed in 1798, used to be a courthouse but is now an art gallery.

Stafford Prison is a Category C men's prison, operated by HM Prison Service. It holds a number of vulnerable prisoners, mainly sex offenders. It was built on its current site in 1794 and has been in almost continuous use, except between 1916 and 1940.

MOD Stafford

[edit]

MOD Stafford is located on Beaconside. Originally RAF Stafford, the base was a non-flying Royal Air Force station. It was redesignated MOD Stafford in March 2006, an event marked by a fly-past and a flag-lowering ceremony. For many years, the site employed civilians and military personnel, but it was handed over by the Royal Air Force under the current policy of defence strategy and streamlining. A small Tactical Supply Wing (TSW) still operates from the base, which now houses two Royal Signals units and an RAF Regiment contingent alongside Tactical Supply Wing.

Education

[edit]

Primary schools

[edit]
  • Anson CE (A) Primary School[44]
  • Barnfields Primary School[45]
  • Berkswich CE Primary School[46]
  • Blessed Mother Teresa RC Primary School (Formerly Bower Norris)[47]
  • Brooklands Preparatory School[48] (Independent)
  • Burton Manor Primary School[49]
  • Castlechurch Primary School[50]
  • Cooper Perry Primary School[51]
  • Flash Ley Community Primary School[52]
  • John Wheeldon Primary School[53]
  • Leasowes Primary School (founded 2006)
  • Oakridge Primary School (plus nursery)[54]
  • Parkside Primary School[55]
  • Rowley Park Primary Academy (Formerly The Grove)
  • Silkmore Primary School[56]
  • Stafford Preparatory School[57]
  • St Anne's RC Primary School[58]
  • St Austin's RC Primary School[59]
  • St Bede's Preparatory School (Independent)
  • St John's CE Primary School[60]
  • St Leonard's Primary School[61]
  • St Patrick's Catholic Primary School[62]
  • St Paul's Primary School
  • Doxey Primary School
  • Tillington Manor Primary School (formerly Holmcroft Primary School)

Secondary schools

[edit]

Tertiary education

[edit]

Stafford College is a large college of further education. It also provides some higher education courses on behalf of Staffordshire University, focusing on computing and engineering.

South Staffordshire College has a base in the village of Rodbaston on the edge of Stafford. It is largely an agricultural college.

Staffordshire University had a large campus in the east of the town which focused heavily on computing, engineering and media technologies (film, music and computer games). It also ran teacher-training courses. The university had two halls of residence opposite the campus, the smaller Yarlet with 51 rooms and the larger Stafford Court with 554 Rooms. Stafford Court was divided into 13 "houses" named after local villages. This part of the campus closed in 2016, with the majority of facilities relocating to its new campus in Stoke-on-Trent. The University retains a significant presence at its Blackheath Lane campus to cater for Health related courses, such as Nursing and Paramedics.

Sport

[edit]

Stafford is home to three association football clubs; Stafford Rangers F.C., Brocton F.C. and Stafford Town F.C., none of which play at a fully professional level.

Stafford CC versus the MCC in their Centenary Year 1964

The town has two rugby union clubs,[63] though again they do not play at a high level.

There is a local hockey club[64] with eight adult teams.

Stafford Post Office Rifle and Pistol Club is a Home Office approved rifle club founded in 1956.[65] It has a 25-yard indoor range attached to the Stafford Post Office Social Club. In addition to short-range indoor shooting facilities, the club has a number of outdoor ranges, including Kingsbury, Sennybridge and Thorpe, for larger-calibre long-range shooting.

Stafford Cricket and Hockey Club, an ECB Clubmark Accredited Club founded in 1864, is almost certainly the town's oldest sports club. It appears to have played originally at the Lammascotes, before being offered a field at the Hough (Lichfield Road/GEC site) in 1899, which belonged to the grammar school. In 1984 the club made a move to Riverway in 1984, as the Hough came under the ownership of GEC. It currently owns 11 acres (4 ha) at Riverway and hosts numerous sports: two cricket pitches in summer and football, mini-football, rugby and hockey facilities in winter. In 1999 it won a £200,000 lottery grant towards a new pavilion completed in 2000, with six changing rooms and a function room. The cricket section welcomes players of all abilities.[66] Four senior sides play on Saturdays. The first and second elevens play in the North Staffordshire and South Cheshire League.[67] The third and fourth elevens play in the Stone and District Cricket League.[68] There is also a senior team that plays in the Lichfield Sunday League. The five junior sides are for under 9s, under 11s, under 13s, under 15s and under 17s.

In December 2018, a parkrun (free weekly timed 5k run/walk) was launched in Stafford on the Isabel Trail, a public foot/cycle path that follows part of the former course of the Stafford–Uttoxeter railway. The run/walk takes place on Saturday mornings at 09:00am, starting at the southern end of the Isabel Trail by Sainsbury's supermarket.[69]

The Staffordshire knot

[edit]
Stafford Knot
Main article: Stafford knot

The Stafford knot, sometimes Staffordshire knot, is a distinctive three-looped tie that is the traditional symbol of the county and county town, used on buildings, logos and coats of arms. It also gives its name to a pub.[70][71][72][73]

Notable people

[edit]

Notable people from Stafford include the 17th-century author of The Compleat Angler, Izaak Walton,[74] whose cottage at nearby Shallowford is now an angling museum, and the 18th-century playwright Richard Brinsley Sheridan,[75] who was once the local MP. The 1853 Lord Mayor of London Thomas Sidney was also born in the town.

In the early 1900s, the village of Great Haywood near Stafford became home to the famous The Lord of the Rings author J. R. R. Tolkien and his wife, Edith, in her cottage in the village during the winter of 1916. Surrounding areas were said to have inspired some of his early works.

The Scottish poet, playwright and freelancer Carol Ann Duffy, though born in Glasgow, grew up in Stafford and attended Stafford Girls' High School. Many of her poems describe experiences and places in Stafford. She was the Poet laureate from 2009 to 2019, and now lives in Manchester.

Baron Stafford[76] is a title created several times in the Peerage of England.[77] A full schedule of over 30 of the eponymous title holders is listed at Baron Stafford. Here just three are included.

Early times

[edit]

In birth order:

18th and 19th centuries

[edit]

In birth order:

20th century

[edit]

In birth order:

Music, acting and writing

[edit]

Sport

[edit]

Politics

[edit]

Nature reserves

[edit]

These nature reserves are in Stafford:

Nearby places

[edit]

Twin towns

[edit]
Town Twinning Sign on Eccleshall Road
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in the United Kingdom

Stafford is twinned with:

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e "STAFFORD in Staffordshire (West Midlands) Built-up Area". City Population. Archived from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  2. ^ "Stafford District in Staffordshire (United Kingdom)". City Population. Archived from the original on 11 November 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2021.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, pp. 185–187.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g "Stafford Borough Council – History of Stafford". staffordbc.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  5. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Stafford" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 757.
  6. ^ "ArchSearch: Collections description: Anglo-Saxon Stafford. Archaeological Investigations 1954–2004. Field Reports on Line". ahds.ac.uk. Archived from the original on 17 December 2010. Retrieved 27 March 2011.
  7. ^ "Pirehill Hundred: History, Gazetteer and Directory of Staffordshire, William White, Sheffield, 1851". Archived from the original on 10 August 2010. Retrieved 26 October 2010.
  8. ^ a b "Staffordshire has a hands-on history from the Normans". BBC. 24 August 2010. Retrieved 26 May 2024.
  9. ^ a b "Stafford Castle Origins". Archived from the original on 6 January 2014. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  10. ^ Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, pp. 199–200.
  11. ^ a b c d e f Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, pp. 208–222.
  12. ^ Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, pp. 243–248.
  13. ^ "High House A Grade II* Listed Building in Stafford, Staffordshire". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 7 June 2024.
  14. ^ "Oxford DNB article: Howard, William". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. 2004. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/13948. Archived from the original on 10 April 2016. Retrieved 27 March 2011. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
  15. ^ "Closing Room, Lotus Shoe Factory, Stafford". Staffordshire Past track. Retrieved 27 May 2024.
  16. ^ a b Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, p. 198.
  17. ^ "Stafford". The Drill Hall Project. Archived from the original on 24 December 2017. Retrieved 23 December 2017.
  18. ^ Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, p. 196.
  19. ^ a b Greenslade, Johnson & Currie 1982, pp. 222–234.
  20. ^ The Ancient High House, Stafford Borough Council Archived 15 June 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^ The Origin of St Chad's Archived 20 September 2011 at the Wayback Machine
  22. ^ "A Short History". stmarysstafford.org.uk. Archived from the original on 21 March 2012.
  23. ^ Anon. The Shire Hall Gallery Guide. Staffordshire County Council.
  24. ^ "Green Hall, Lichfield Road, Stafford". GR8 Space. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 8 April 2019.
  25. ^ "History". Weston Hall. 17 July 2019.
  26. ^ Staffordshire Newsletter website Archived 8 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved January 2017
  27. ^ "mb21 – The Transmission Gallery". mb21.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 August 2014. Retrieved 22 August 2014.
  28. ^ "Penkridge Climate". UKMO. Archived from the original on 2 June 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2011.
  29. ^ a b "BBC – Stoke & Staffordshire – History – Stafford Shoes". bbc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 April 2016. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  30. ^ Stafford Borough Council – History of Stafford Archived 19 March 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ "British Reinforced Concrete Factory, Stafford". Staffordshire Past Track. Retrieved 28 May 2024.
  32. ^ "Wraps off £38m Staffordshire County Council HQ". Express and Star. 21 December 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  33. ^ Oakley, Tom (29 March 2018). "Martin Street Mansions: See the ex-council offices turned into luxury apartments". Express and Star. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 6 January 2019.
  34. ^ "Agenda and draft minutes". Staffordshire County Council. 25 July 2019. Archived from the original on 3 February 2023. Retrieved 23 August 2019.
  35. ^ Historic England. "Borough Hall (1195382)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  36. ^ "Construction Site for Stafford Borough Council Offices, Riverside, Stafford". Staffordshire Past Track. Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 13 February 2021.
  37. ^ "No. 47702". The London Gazette. 1 December 1948. p. 14484.
  38. ^ "Introducing your new Stafford library". Archived from the original on 5 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.
  39. ^ Mid Staffordshire NHS Foundation Trust Summary Report Archived 17 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, at guardian.co.uk, accessed May 2009.
  40. ^ Patients died due to 'appalling care' at Staffordshire hospitals Archived 20 March 2009 at the Wayback Machine, The Telegraph, 18 March 2009, accessed May 2009.
  41. ^ "Latest Stoke news – The Sentinel". Stoke Sentinel. 8 March 2024.
  42. ^ "Overview – Rowley Hall Hospital – NHS Choices". Archived from the original on 26 November 2011. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
  43. ^ "Stafford Magistrates' Court to close under cuts". 14 February 2016. Archived from the original on 6 July 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2020.
  44. ^ "Anson Primary School, Great Haywood, Staffordshire". Archived from the original on 26 July 2011.
  45. ^ "RM Education – The first choice for education". barnfields.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 25 February 2001. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  46. ^ "berkswichprimaryschool – berkswich primary school". berkswichprimaryschool.co.uk. Archived from the original on 22 December 2014. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  47. ^ "Blessed Mother Teresa's CPS – Home". bmtschool.co.uk. Archived from the original on 6 April 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  48. ^ School[permanent dead link]
  49. ^ "Home". burtonmanor.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 1 September 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  50. ^ "Home – Castlechurch Primary School". castlechurchprimary.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 March 2009. Retrieved 4 March 2009.
  51. ^ Cooper Perry Primary School Archived 3 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  52. ^ "Home – Flash Ley Community Primary School". flashley.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 31 January 2011. Retrieved 13 February 2011.
  53. ^ John Wheeldon Primary School website Archived 30 June 2017 at the Wayback Machine, johnwheeldon.staffs.sch.uk]
  54. ^ "Home – Oakridge Junior School". oakridgejuniorschool.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  55. ^ "Home – Parkside Primary School". parkside-staffs.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 September 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  56. ^ "Silkmore Community Primary School – Aiming High". silkmore.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  57. ^ "Stafford Preparatory School". staffordprep.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 October 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
  58. ^ MCTaylor. "index". st-annes-weepingcross.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  59. ^ "Hosting Systems LTD: Holding Page". st-austins.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 23 September 2017. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  60. ^ "St John's (CE) Primary School". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 21 July 2015.
  61. ^ "Home". st-leonards-stafford.staffs.sch.uk. Archived from the original on 9 January 2013. Retrieved 29 May 2012.
  62. ^ "St. Patrick's Catholic Primary School". stpatricksstafford.com. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  63. ^ "Stafford RUFC". staffordrugbyclub.com. Archived from the original on 12 June 2008. Retrieved 14 July 2008.
  64. ^ "Stafford Hockey Club – The county town's hockey club". staffordhc.co.uk. Archived from the original on 11 August 2018. Retrieved 4 November 2018.
  65. ^ "Stafford Post Office Rifle and Pistol Club". Archived from the original on 16 December 2013. Retrieved 16 December 2013.
  66. ^ "Stafford Cricket Club – the home of Stafford Cricket & Hockey Club's Cricket Section". staffordcricketclub.co.uk. Archived from the original on 2 April 2023. Retrieved 2 June 2010.
  67. ^ "cricketnews.org.uk". Archived from the original on 21 April 2010.
  68. ^ Trent Trophies Stone & District Cricket league.
  69. ^ http://www.parkrun.org.uk/isabeltrail. Archived 14 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine
  70. ^ "Peak District Gastro Pub – Restaurant quality food". Staffordshire Knot Inn. Archived from the original on 9 February 2019. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  71. ^ "The Staffordshire Knot". Archived from the original on 25 February 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  72. ^ "Home – Staffordshire County Council". www.staffordshire.gov.uk. Archived from the original on 27 April 2023. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  73. ^ "Staffordshire Knot Brown Ale". www.burtonbridgebrewery.co.uk. Archived from the original on 28 October 2021. Retrieved 6 August 2020.
  74. ^ "Walton, Izaak" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 28 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 300–301.
  75. ^ "Sheridan" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 844–847, see page 845. 4. Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan
  76. ^ Round, John Horace (1911). "Stafford (Family)" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). pp. 755–756.
  77. ^ "Stafford, Earls and Marquesses of" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 756.
  78. ^ "Stafford, Ralph de" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. 1898.
  79. ^ "Stafford, Henry (1501–1563)" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 53. 1898.
  80. ^ "Barnfield, Richard" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 414.
  81. ^  This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: "Ven._Thomas_Maxfield". Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol. 10. 1911.
  82. ^ "Pigot, Robert" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 45. 1896.
  83. ^ Australian Dictionary of Biography, Oatley, James (1770–1839) Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  84. ^ "Trubshaw, James" . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 57. 1899.
  85. ^ "Knight, John Prescott" . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.
  86. ^ Capitalpunishmentuk.org Website, The English hangmen 1850–1964 Archived 2 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  87. ^ BBC Stoke & Staffordshire, 13 November 2014 Archived 13 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  88. ^ "Francis (Frank) William Webb". steamindex.com. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  89. ^ Website of Archbishop Ilsley Catholic School, Birmingham Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  90. ^ Miningswindles.com website, Whitaker Wright Archived 19 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  91. ^ A Cambridge Alumni Database, University of Cambridge, Shears, Ernest Henry 2(SHRS868EH) Archived 19 October 2021 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  92. ^ Obituary for Phillips, The Times, 25 October 1965
  93. ^ The Potteries.org website, RC Church of St. Joseph, Burslem, murals and ceiling paintings Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  94. ^ The Independent, 3 June 1993, Obituary: Falkner Allison Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018/.
  95. ^ Joint School of Geography Society, Newsletter 31, Wise @ 90 Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  96. ^ The Canadian Encyclopedia, Thomas Worrall Kent Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  97. ^ Institution of Structural Engineers, Past Presidents Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  98. ^ The Daily Telegraph, 20 Mar 2008, Dropout brings academia and industry together Archived 13 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 30 January 2018.
  99. ^ Walsh, Nick Paton (19 March 2000). "Midlands Ripper unmasked". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 19 February 2022.
  100. ^ IMDb Database Archived 15 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  101. ^ BBC News, 18 January 2002, Jonathan Ive: Apple of the iMac Archived 12 April 2009 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018
  102. ^ Hannahmaybank.com website, About Archived 13 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018
  103. ^ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230428174614/https://www.mirror.co.uk/money/boss-gives-staff-1000-pay-26921689 Archived 28 April 2023 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 10 May 2022
  104. ^ IMDb Database Archived 19 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  105. ^ Cartoonists Guild website archive, Dave Follows Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  106. ^ IMDb Database Archived 19 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  107. ^ IMDb Database Archived 15 March 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  108. ^ Internet Speculative Fiction Database, Storm Constantine Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  109. ^ IMDb Database Archived 14 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  110. ^ IMDb Database Archived 2 March 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  111. ^ Allmusic website, Biography and discography Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  112. ^ IMDb Database Archived 10 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  113. ^ Discogs website, Medicine Head (2) Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  114. ^ IMDb Database Archived 25 May 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  115. ^ "Duncan Botwood Interviewed". The RWP. 16 February 2008. Archived from the original on 29 January 2018. Retrieved 17 February 2019.
  116. ^ IMDb Database Archived 16 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  117. ^ The Guardian, 5 January 2010, "Travis' Fran Healy..... Archived 3 October 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018
  118. ^ Comic Book DataBase, Kieron Gillen Archived 8 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  119. ^ "Instagram". Archived from the original on 9 January 2017. Retrieved 6 July 2013.
  120. ^ IMDb Database Archived 17 February 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  121. ^ Discogs website, Altern-8 Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  122. ^ Discogs website, Chicken Lips Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  123. ^ "Anna Chell". Spotlight. Retrieved 28 August 2023.
  124. ^ Wisden, Obituaries in 1963 Archived 30 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  125. ^ The 500 Owners Association website archive, Bill Aston profile Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  126. ^ ESPN cricinfo Database Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  127. ^ ESPN cricinfo Database Archived 1 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  128. ^ Soccerbase Database Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  129. ^ Soccerbase Database Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017
  130. ^ Soccerbase Database Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017
  131. ^ Soccerbase Database Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  132. ^ ESPN cricinfo Database Archived 28 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  133. ^ ESPN cricinfo Database Archived 20 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  134. ^ DriverDB.com website, Nick Yelloly Archived 28 January 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  135. ^ Soccerbase Database Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  136. ^ The History of Parliament Trust, STANFORD, Richard, of Stafford Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  137. ^ The History of Parliament Trust, CRADOCK, Matthew (1584–1636), of Stafford and Caverswall Castle, Staffs Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  138. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Leigh, Edward" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 396.
  139. ^ The History of Parliament Trust, SWINFEN (SWYNFEN), John (1613–1694), of Swinfen, Weeford, Staffs Archived 22 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved December 2017.
  140. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Campbell, John Campbell, Baron" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 128–130.
  141. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Richard Essex Archived 30 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  142. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Theodore Shaw Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  143. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr William Ormsby-Gore Archived 8 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  144. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Peter Thorneycroft Archived 31 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  145. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Stephen Swingler Archived 8 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  146. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Hugh Fraser Archived 29 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  147. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr Bill Cash Archived 1 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  148. ^ Hansard 1803–2005, contributions in Parliament by Mr David Kidney Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  149. ^ TheyWorkForYou website, Patrick McLoughlin, MP, Derbyshire Dales Archived 29 January 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  150. ^ TheyWorkForYou website, Jeremy Lefroy, MP, Stafford Archived 20 February 2018 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved 27 January 2018.
  151. ^ "Belfort – Les Relations Internationales" [Belfort – International Relations]. Belfort Mairie (in French). Archived from the original on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 21 December 2013.
  152. ^ a b c d e "Town Twinning". Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 24 February 2016.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • 11th century and earlier: Staffordshire Newsletter 1994 Guide is good.
  • Greenslade, M.W.; Johnson, D.A.; Currie, C.R.J. (1982). A History of Stafford. Staffordshire County Council. ISBN 0-9500812-8-0.

Further reading

[edit]
  • Middlefell, Alfred (1 January 2000). The Ancient Town of Stafford from the 8th to the 20th Century. privately published.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Stafford (category)
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Stafford.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stafford&oldid=1250067938"