Jump to content

General Directorate of Security (Turkey)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Turkish Police)

General Directorate of Security
Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü
Badge of the Turkish General Directorate Security
Badge of the Turkish General Directorate Security
Common namePolis
Agency overview
Formed10 April 1845 (1845-04-10)
Employees335,360 personnel[1]
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyTurkey
Operations jurisdictionTurkey
Constituting instrument
  • Law on Duties and Powers of the Police
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersAnkara, Turkey
Elected officer responsible
Agency executive
  • Erol Ayyıldız, General Director
Parent agencyMinistry of the Interior
Website
www.egm.gov.tr

The General Directorate of Security (Turkish: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü) or the Turkish National Police, abbreviated TNP, is the national civil police of Turkey primarily responsible for law enforcement in urban areas, whilst rural policing falls under the jurisdiction of the Gendarmerie General Command.[2] The TNP reports to the Ministry of the Interior and is composed of 81 divisions, each for respective provinces, that make up several police regions that are bolstered by specialist units.

Its creation dates back to the 19th century. Until the dissolution of the janissaries in 1826, police services in the Ottoman Empire were carried out by local garrisons and public administrators.[3] The present-day TNP was then established in 1845, as part of the Tanzimat, with a law inspired by the Paris Police.[4][5] Though it faced massive changes in function and structure over the years, the institution itself remained the same and was not replaced by a successor during the Turkish Revolution.[6]

As of 2023, the TNP has 352,188 personnel in law enforcement and public service positions, making it one of the largest public employers in Turkey.[7] It was allocated an $8,6 billion budget in 2024.[8] However, the government surged the "internal security" grants in the 2025 budget proposal, increasing the grand total for all law enforcement agencies to an all-time record of $19,5 billion.[9]

Function and mission

[edit]

The Police Duties and Jurisdiction Law of 1934 (Turkish: Polis Vazife ve Salâhiyet Kanunu) establishes the fundamental mission of the TNP as to:[10]

  • Protect the public order, persons and the immunity of residence,
  • Ensure the safety of the people, goods, and the public peace,
  • Provide assistance to the children in need of help, disabled persons, and other disadvantaged groups.

Structure

[edit]

In the provinces, it operates under the command of governors (Turkish: vali) and district governors (Turkish: kaymakam). Civil administrators (Turkish: mülki amir) are responsible for the security and well-being of towns and districts. The Turkish National Police (TNP) operates within the network of the civil administration system and carries out its duties under the command and control of the civil authority. Town governors and heads of district administrations supervise the force.[11]

As of 2024, the centralized structure as it follows:[12]

  • Inspection Board
  • Private Security Inspection Board
  • Executive Assistant Directorate
  • Legal Affairs Directorate
  • Personnel Directorate
  • Special Operations Directorate
  • Intelligence Directorate
  • Traffic Directorate
  • Presidential Protection Directorate
  • Combating Smuggling and Organized Crimes Directorate
  • Combating Narcotics Crimes Directorate
  • Internal Audit Unit
  • Police Academy

Units

[edit]

All Turkish police officers wear navy-blue uniforms and caps.

Patrol cars can be identified by their unique blue-white design and the writing “Polis” (Turkish for 'Police') on the side doors and hood.

Commissioners and police chiefs wear silver stars rank on their shoulders and police directors wear gold stars.

  • Çevik Kuvvet armpatch
    Çevik Kuvvet armpatch
  • Naval armpatch
    Naval armpatch
  • Traffic armpatch
    Traffic armpatch
  • General Service armpatch
    General Service armpatch
  • Airport armpatch
    Airport armpatch
Provincial Police Headquarters in Ordu

Some well-known police units in Turkey are:

  • Martılar (English: Gulls) bike patrol units
  • Yunuslar (English: Dolphins) motorcycle units
  • Şahinler (English: Falcons) motorcycle units of the traffic department.
  • TOMA armored water cannon designed for riot control.
  • Çevik Kuvvet (English: Agile Force) who handle riot control cases.
  • Özel Harekat(English: Special Operations) which is the special response unit of the directorate (quite like the American SWAT or the German GSG 9).
  • Karşı Atak Timi (English: Counter Attack Team) close protection service for the president.
  • Aviation Department
  • Police Academy during Parade
    Police Academy during Parade
  • Motorcycle unit Yunuslar
    Motorcycle unit Yunuslar
  • TOMA water cannon in Istanbul, 2013
    TOMA water cannon in Istanbul, 2013
  • Female riot police squad (Çevik Kuvvet Polis)
    Female riot police squad (Çevik Kuvvet Polis)
  • Police patrol boat
    Police patrol boat
  • Police diver
    Police diver
  • Bell 429 helicopter of Turkish Police Aviation Department.
    Bell 429 helicopter of Turkish Police Aviation Department.

Training

[edit]

The TNP receives two categories of training, the first being in-service training provided by the Department of Education operating directly under the General Directorate of Security; whereas pre-profession training is provided by the Police Academy. The Police Academy offers five different training programs:

  • Police Schools (2 years)
  • Police Training Centers (8 months)
  • Police Chiefs Training Center (1 year)
  • Security Sciences Institute
  • Higher Level Management Training

There are other educational institutions that give expert in-service training, such as the Turkish International Academy Against Drugs and Organized Crime and the Crime Investigation and Research Education Center.

Ranks and insignia

[edit]
 
General Directorate of Security[13]
Director general
Emniyet Genel Müdürü 		1st Degree Police Chief
1. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		2nd Degree Police Chief
2. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		3rd Degree Police Chief
3. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		4th Degree Police Chief
4. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		Superintendent
Emniyet Amiri 		Chief inspector
Başkomiser 		Inspector
Komiser 		Deputy-inspector
Komiser Yardımcısı 		Sergeant
Kıdemli Başpolis Memuru 		Corporal
Başpolis Memuru 		Police officer
Polis Memuru

Equipment

[edit]
See also: Military equipment of Turkey

Handguns

[edit]

Shotguns

[edit]

Submachine guns

[edit]

Assault/Battle Rifle

[edit]

Riot control

[edit]

Machine Guns

[edit]

Sniper Rifles

[edit]

Grenade Launchers

[edit]

EOD/Drone Jammer system

[edit]

Directed energy weapon

[edit]

Unmanned ground vehicle

[edit]

Combat drones

[edit]

Patrol Vehicles

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin/Assembly Type
Patrol cars
TOGG[31]  Turkey Electric patrol car
Ford Transit Courier  Turkey
 United States 		Most common patrol car
Fiat Doblo  Turkey
 Italy
Renault Mégane  Turkey
 France 		Traffic police car
Renault Symbol Standard patrol and traffic police car
Hyundai Accent  Turkey
 South Korea 		Traffic police car
Toyota Corolla  Turkey
 Japan 		Traffic and motorway police car
Fiat Egea  Turkey
 Italy 		Patrol car
Toyota Hilux  Turkey
 Japan 		Traffic police car
Renault Fluence  Turkey
 France
Renault Kangoo[32] Patrol car
Ford Transit Connect  Turkey
 United States 		Patrol car
Dacia Duster  Turkey
 France
 Romania
Fiat Linea  Turkey
 Italy
Hyundai Elantra  Turkey
 South Korea 		Traffic police car
Volkswagen Caddy[32]  Turkey
 Germany 		Patrol car
Opel Insignia Traffic police car
Opel Combo Life[32] Patrol car
BMW 320i (F30) Traffic police car
Subaru Impreza  Turkey
 Japan
Toyota Prius Patrol car/Traffic police
Mini Cooper  Turkey
 Germany
 United Kingdom
Audi A3  Turkey
 Germany
BMW 120i
Nissan Navara  Turkey
 Japan
Nissan Juke[32]
Ferrari 458 Italia[33]  Italy Traffic police car
Bentley GT[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Mercedes Benz CLA[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Mercedes Benz GLS[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Audi RS6[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Porsche Taycan[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Volvo XC90[33]  Sweden Traffic police car
Range Rover[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Land Rover Freelander[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Volkswagen Golf Mk8[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Peugeot 3008[33]  France Traffic police car
BMW 5[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Skoda Kodiaq[33]  Czech Republic Traffic police car
Ford Ranger  Turkey
 United States 		Forensics car
GMC Yukon Presidential Guards car
Patrol motorbikes
BMW R1200 GS[32]  Germany Patrol motorbike
Honda Africa Twin[32]  Japan
Yamaha Fazer 1/6[32]
Honda VFR 800[32]
Vans and busses
Ford Transit  Turkey
 United States 		Patrol van
Ford Transit Custom
Fiat Ducato  Turkey
 Italy
Isuzu Turkuaz  Turkey
 Japan 		Patrol bus
Otokar Sultan -  Turkey
Katmerciler Kiraç[34] Criminal research vehicle

Armoured Vehicles

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin/Assembly Type Notes
Infantry mobility vehicles/MRAPs
Otokar APC/

Shorland S-55[35]

-  Turkey Infantry mobility vehicle 40 in service.[18]
Otokar Cobra[36]
Otokar Cobra II[18]
BMC Kirpi[37] Mine-resistant ambush protected
BMC Vuran[38]
Nurol Ejder[39] 417+ vehicles in service[40]
Nurol Yörük[41] Infantry mobility vehicle/Presidential Protection Department car
Otokar Ural[42] - Infantry mobility vehicle 230+ vehicles in service.[18]
BMC Amazon[43] Multi-purpose armoured vehicle
Nurol ILGAZ II[43] Mine-resistant ambush protected
Riot control
TOMA[39]  Turkey Intervention Vehicle against Social Incidents
AFV/APC
Cadillac Cage Commando V-150S  United States Amphibious armoured car/Armoured personnel carrier 124 total.[18]

Some were given to the SNA.

Dragoon 300 Amphibious armoured fighting vehicle 80 in service[18]
Unmanned Ground Vehicles
Aselsan Aslan[44] -  Turkey Medium-class unmanned ground vehicle
Aselsan Kaplan[45] Light-class unmanned ground vehicle

Boats

[edit]

Aircraft

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin Type Notes
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air[50]  United States Utility/Transport aircraft 2 B350i variant in use.[51]
Cessna Citation XLS+[32] Utility aircraft 1 in service.[52]
Beechcraft C90  United States Utility aircraft 2 in service.[53]
Helicopters
Sikorsky S-92  United States VIP Transport helicopter 3 S-92A Used by the Ministry.[54]
Bell 206[55]  United States
 Canada 		Multi-purpose utility helicopter 2 Bell 206L-3 in service.[56]
Bell 429[55]  United States
 Canada
 South Korea 		Multi-purpose utility helicopter 14 in service.[56]
Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk[57]  United States
 Turkey 		Medium transport/Utility helicopter S-70A-D28 & 2 S-70i[54][56]

18 T-70 on order.[58]

2 T-70 in service[56]

TAI T625 Gökbey  Turkey Utility helicopter First batch : 3 on order.[59]
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK[60][61]  Turkey
 Italy 		Attack helicopter 3 in T129B service
Unmanned aerial vehicles
TAI Anka[62]  Turkey MALE UCAV
Baykar Bayraktar TB2[62]
ÇAĞATAY[63][64] - VTOL UAV
UÇBEY[65]
BULUT - Developed by Havelsan.[66]
Arcturus T-20[67]  United States Tactical reconnaissance UAV

Planned Acquisition :

  • New liaison and utility aircraft[68]
  • BMC Tulga SUV[69]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ https://www.egm.gov.tr/kurumlar/egm.gov.tr/IcSite/strateji/2022-EGM-Idare-Faaliyet-Raporu-.pdf [bare URL PDF]
  2. ^ "Jandarma Teşkilat, Görev ve Yetkileri Yönetmeliği". mevzuat.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  3. ^ Bilgic, Kemal. "Historical Development of Turkish Police Organization". Turkish Journal of Police Studes – via Academia.edu.
  4. ^ Ahmet, Aslan (2020). "Osmanlı Devleti'nde Polis Teşkilatının Kurulması: Urfa Örneği (1845-1918)". Yakın Dönem Türkiye Araştırmaları. 0 (38): 29. doi:10.26650/YTA2020-759368.
  5. ^ "Emniyet Teşkilâtı (Cumhuriyet Dönemi)". Atatürk Ansiklopedisi (in Turkish). 4 February 2021. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
  6. ^ "T.C. İçişleri Bakanlığı Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü - Tarihçe". www.egm.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  7. ^ "EMNİYET GENEL MÜDÜRLÜĞÜ : T.C. Sayıştay Başkanlığı". www.sayistay.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  8. ^ "2024 Yılı Kurumsal Mali Durum ve Beklentiler Raporu" (PDF). Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü.
  9. ^ Kaya, Gülsüm (18 October 2024). "Türkiye'nin 2025 yılı savunma bütçesi belli oldu". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  10. ^ "Mevzuat Bilgi Sistemi". www.mevzuat.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
  11. ^ "General information". Policing Profiles of Participating and Partner States. Polis.osce.org. Archived from the original on 23 June 2007. Retrieved 9 November 2008.
  12. ^ "Teşkilat Şeması". www.egm.gov.tr. Retrieved 20 December 2024.
  13. ^ "Rütbeler". egm.gov.tr (in Turkish). Ministry of the Interior. Retrieved 26 January 2021.
  14. ^ a b "Modern Firearms". 22 October 2010. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  15. ^ "GİRSAN MC 28 SA Tabanca". Millisavunma.com (in Turkish). 28 October 2016. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  16. ^ Şafak, Yeni (14 October 2017). "Türk polisi artık bu silahı kullanacak". Yeni Şafak (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  17. ^ a b "Silahlı Kuvvetlerin ve Güvenlik Güçlerinin Tüm Hafif Silah İhtiyaçları için Bir Sarsılmaz Var!". savunmahaber.com (in Turkish). 24 October 2022. Archived from the original on 23 December 2022. Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad "Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri - TRMilitary". www.trmilitary.org. Archived from the original on 5 April 2023. Retrieved 21 January 2023.
  19. ^ Jones, Richard D.; Ness, Leland S., eds. (27 January 2009). Jane's Infantry Weapons 2009/2010 (35th ed.). Coulsdon: Jane's Information Group. ISBN 978-0-7106-2869-5.
  20. ^ Alemdar, Ahmet (14 November 2019). "Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü'ne MPT-76 piyade tüfeği teslimatı". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  21. ^ "Modern Piyade Tüfeği Projesi: MPT-76, MPT-55 ve MPT-55K | SavunmaSanayiST" (in Turkish). 20 August 2019. Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  22. ^ Mynet. "Toplumsal Olaylar İçin Yeni Silah Haberi ve Son Dakika Haberler Mynet". Mynet Haber. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  23. ^ Ensonhaber (2 January 2023). "TSK ve kolluk kuvvetlerine 750 adet milli uçaksavar teslim edildi - En Son Haber". Ensonhaber (in Turkish). Retrieved 18 January 2023.
  24. ^ Kula, Mehmet Ali (13 September 2022). "Türkiye, Çin'den 3 binden fazla makineli tüfek aldı!". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 January 2023.
  25. ^ "KALEKALIP yeni tüfekleriyle sahaya çıkıyor | SavunmaSanayiST" (in Turkish). 4 February 2023. Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  26. ^ a b Kula, Mehmet Ali (25 July 2023). "MERTSAV'dan Polis Özel Harekat'a makineli tüfek ve bombaatar teslimatı". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 July 2023.
  27. ^ "Teröristlerin aracına ASELSAN KANGAL ile müdahale edildi" (in Turkish). 1 October 2023. Retrieved 1 October 2023.
  28. ^ Alemdar, Ahmet (10 October 2021). "Emniyet, ALKA Yönlendirilmiş Enerji Silah Sistemini 2022'de alacak". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 29 March 2024.
  29. ^ "Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerine yeni güç: HANÇER ve DİNÇER". Yeniçağ Gazetesi (in Turkish). 4 May 2022. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  30. ^ "Unmanned Military Armed Drone". www.madoors.com.tr. Retrieved 28 June 2024.
  31. ^ "Togg polis aracı oldu". DHA | Demirören Haber Ajansı (in Turkish). 6 May 2023. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  32. ^ a b c d e f g h i Blog, Yolcu360 (19 January 2022). "Polis Arabaları 2022 - Türkiye'de Kullanılan Polis Araçları". Yolcu360 Blog (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  33. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m "23 vehicles were seized by Istanbul Police Department and handed over to police".
  34. ^ Azman, Kaan (7 February 2022). "Emniyet'e yeni nesil kriminal inceleme aracı KIRAÇ teslimatı". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 23 December 2022.
  35. ^ KUNT, Rasim Anıl (23 May 2017). "ZPT". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 December 2022.
  36. ^ "Polise tam zırhlı TOMA ve mayına karşı Kirpi". Sabah. 16 May 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  37. ^ "Polisi de "Kirpi" koruyacak!". CNN Türk. 18 September 2012. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  38. ^ "savunmasanayi.com". Twitter (in Bulgarian). Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  39. ^ a b "Polise 100 milyonluk zırhlı araç". 21 August 2011. Archived from the original on 25 March 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  40. ^ admin (28 October 2019). "Envanterde Kaç Adet Ejder yalçın var merak ediyor musunuz?". Savunma Günlüğü (in Turkish). Retrieved 16 May 2024.
  41. ^ "YÖRÜK 4X4 yurt içindeki ilk görevine Cumhurbaşkanlığında başladı". www.savunmasanayiidergilik.com. Retrieved 2 June 2023.
  42. ^ "Emniyet'e Ural Teslimatı Tamam". 11 March 2016.
  43. ^ a b Şentürk, Abdullah (5 February 2021). "Yerli 4X4 Zırhlı Araçlar". M5 Dergi (in Turkish). Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  44. ^ Alemdar, Ahmet (26 November 2022). "EGM ve Kara Kuvvetleri'ne Aslan İKA Teslimatı!". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 26 November 2022.
  45. ^ "www.milisavunma.com". Millisavunma.com (in Turkish). 11 June 2016. Retrieved 12 June 2023.
  46. ^ Işık, Yusuf Emir (5 February 2023). "Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı'nın yeni botları hazır". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 5 February 2023.
  47. ^ "Kontrol Bot (ARES-35 FPB) - Analiz Deniz" (in Turkish). 7 July 2024. Retrieved 11 July 2024.
  48. ^ Işık, Yusuf Emir (8 March 2023). "Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü'ne ASBOT KN-35 botu teslimatı". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  49. ^ Işık, Yusuf Emir (5 February 2023). "Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığı'nın yeni botları hazır". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 15 February 2023.
  50. ^ "Sayfalar - UCAK". Archived from the original on 18 April 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  51. ^ "B350i".
  52. ^ "Military Database". www.scramble.nl. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  53. ^ "PORSUK Projesi ile Eskişehir Teknik Üniversitesi'nin eğitim filosu yenilendi – Tolga Özbek" (in Turkish). Retrieved 6 September 2024.
  54. ^ a b "S-70 helicopters".
  55. ^ a b "Sayfalar - Bell 429 Album". Archived from the original on 6 May 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2015.
  56. ^ a b c d "Military Database". www.scramble.nl. Retrieved 22 August 2024.
  57. ^ "Havacıların T70 Helikopterindeki rengin sebebi ortaya çıktı" (in Turkish). 14 January 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2023.
  58. ^ "Yerli helikopter T70'in ilk yurtdışı görevi: Yunanistan" (in Turkish). 23 July 2023. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  59. ^ "3 yılda 55 adet HÜRKUŞ geliyor! Haluk Görgün HÜRJET ve GÖKBEY için tarih verdi". TRHaber (in Turkish). 18 April 2024. Retrieved 18 April 2024.
  60. ^ "General Directorate of Security Received the First T129 ATAK Helicopter". RayHaber | RaillyNews. 17 February 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  61. ^ "HeliHub.com Turkish Police receive first T129 ATAK helicopter". helihub.com. 21 February 2021. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  62. ^ a b "BUSINESS - Turkish police ramping up drone purchases in fight against terror". 21 August 2015.
  63. ^ ŞAHİN, ANIL (12 June 2018). "Çağatay İnsansız Hava Aracı (CGT45-UAV)". SavunmaSanayiST (in Turkish). Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  64. ^ "CGT50 | Çağatay VTOL (Dikey) İHA". I2HS | İVME İHS A.Ş. (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 5 November 2019. Retrieved 5 November 2019.
  65. ^ ""UÇBEY" İHA polisin gözü oldu". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 October 2022.
  66. ^ "HAVELSAN'ın yeni İHA'sı "BULUT" kendi alanında dinamikleri değiştirecek". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 22 February 2025.
  67. ^ "The Turkish Police operates three types of UAVs". 5 November 2020.
  68. ^ "Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı 2023 Yılı Faaliyet Raporu Yayınlandı". www.jandarma.gov.tr. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
  69. ^ "Türkiye'nin ilk zırhlı SUV'u "TULGA"nın 2025'te görevde olması planlanıyor". www.savunmasanayiidergilik.com. Retrieved 15 March 2024.
[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Police of Turkey.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Directorate_of_Security_(Turkey)&oldid=1277065129"