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General Directorate of Security (Turkey)

Coordinates: 39°53′59″N 32°50′39″E / 39.89972°N 32.84417°E / 39.89972; 32.84417
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General Directorate of Security
Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü
Badge of the Turkish General Directorate Security
Badge of the Turkish General Directorate Security
Common namePolis
Agency overview
Formed10 April 1845 (1845-04-10)
Employees335,360 personnel[1]
Jurisdictional structure
National agencyTurkey
Operations jurisdictionTurkey
Constituting instrument
  • Law on Duties and Powers of the Police
General nature
Operational structure
HeadquartersAnkara, Turkey
Elected officer responsible
Agency executive
  • Erol Ayyıldız, General Director
Parent agencyMinistry of the Interior
Website
www.egm.gov.tr

The General Directorate of Security (Turkish: Emniyet Genel Müdürlüğü, EGM) or the Turkish National Police, is the national civil police of Turkey primarily responsible for law enforcement in urban areas, whilst rural policing falls under the jurisdiction of the Gendarmerie General Command.[2]

History

[edit]

Its creation dates back to the 19th century. Until the dissolution of the janissaries in 1826, police services in the Ottoman Empire were carried out by local garrisons and public administrators.[3]

The present-day TNP was then established in 1845, as part of the Tanzimat, with a law inspired by the Paris Police.[4][5]

Though it faced massive changes in function and structure over the years, the institution itself remained the same and was not replaced by a successor during the Turkish Revolution.[6]

Function and mission

[edit]

The Police Duties and Jurisdiction Law of 1934 (Turkish: Polis Vazife ve Salâhiyet Kanunu) establishes the fundamental mission of the TNP as to:[7]

  • Protect the public order, persons and the immunity of residence,
  • Ensure the safety of the people, goods, and the public peace,
  • Provide assistance to the children in need of help, disabled persons, and other disadvantaged groups.

Structure

[edit]

The TNP reports to the Ministry of the Interior and is composed of 81 divisions, each for respective provinces, that make up several police regions that are bolstered by specialist units.

In the provinces, it operates under the command of governors (Turkish: vali) and district governors (Turkish: kaymakam). Civil administrators (Turkish: mülki amir) are responsible for the security and well-being of towns and districts.

The Turkish National Police (TNP) operates within the network of the civil administration system and carries out its duties under the command and control of the civil authority. Town governors and heads of district administrations supervise the force.[8]

As of 2024, the centralized structure as it follows:[9]

  • Inspection Board
  • Private Security Inspection Board
  • Executive Assistant Directorate
  • Legal Affairs Directorate
  • Personnel Directorate
  • Special Operations Directorate
  • Intelligence Directorate
  • Traffic Directorate
  • Presidential Protection Directorate
  • Combating Smuggling and Organized Crimes Directorate
  • Combating Narcotics Crimes Directorate
  • Internal Audit Unit
  • Police Academy

As of 2023, the TNP has 352,188 personnel in law enforcement and public service positions, making it one of the largest public employers in Turkey.[10] It was allocated an $8.6 billion budget in 2024.[11]

However, the government surged the "internal security" grants in the 2025 budget proposal, increasing the grand total for all law enforcement agencies to an all-time record of $19.5 billion.[12]

Units

[edit]

All Turkish police officers wear navy-blue uniforms and caps.

Patrol cars can be identified by their unique blue-white design and the writing “Polis” (Turkish for 'Police') on the side doors and hood.

Commissioners and police chiefs wear silver stars rank on their shoulders and police directors wear gold stars.

  • Çevik Kuvvet armpatch
    Çevik Kuvvet armpatch
  • Naval armpatch
    Naval armpatch
  • Traffic armpatch
    Traffic armpatch
  • General Service armpatch
    General Service armpatch
  • Airport armpatch
    Airport armpatch
Provincial Police Headquarters in Ordu

Some well-known police units in Turkey are:

  • Martılar (English: Gulls) bike patrol units
  • Yunuslar (English: Dolphins) motorcycle units
  • Şahinler (English: Falcons) motorcycle units of the traffic department.
  • TOMA armored water cannon designed for riot control.
  • Çevik Kuvvet (English: Agile Force) who handle riot control cases.
  • Özel Harekat(English: Special Operations) which is the special response unit of the directorate (quite like the American SWAT or the German GSG 9).
  • Karşı Atak Timi (English: Counter Attack Team) close protection service for the president.
  • Aviation Department
  • Police Academy during Parade
    Police Academy during Parade
  • Motorcycle unit Yunuslar
    Motorcycle unit Yunuslar
  • TOMA water cannon in Istanbul, 2013
    TOMA water cannon in Istanbul, 2013
  • Female riot police squad (Çevik Kuvvet Polis)
    Female riot police squad (Çevik Kuvvet Polis)
  • Police patrol boat
    Police patrol boat
  • Police diver
    Police diver
  • Bell 429 helicopter of Turkish Police Aviation Department.
    Bell 429 helicopter of Turkish Police Aviation Department.

Training

[edit]

The TNP receives two categories of training, the first being in-service training provided by the Department of Education operating directly under the General Directorate of Security; whereas pre-profession training is provided by the Police Academy.

The Police Academy offers five different training programs:

  • Police Schools (2 years)
  • Police Training Centers (8 months)
  • Police Chiefs Training Center (1 year)
  • Security Sciences Institute
  • Higher Level Management Training

There are other educational institutions that give expert in-service training, such as the Turkish International Academy Against Drugs and Organized Crime and the Crime Investigation and Research Education Center.

Ranks and insignia

[edit]
 
General Directorate of Security[13]
Director general
Emniyet Genel Müdürü 		1st Degree Police Chief
1. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		2nd Degree Police Chief
2. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		3rd Degree Police Chief
3. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		4th Degree Police Chief
4. Sınıf Emniyet Müdürü 		Superintendent
Emniyet Amiri 		Chief inspector
Başkomiser 		Inspector
Komiser 		Deputy-inspector
Komiser Yardımcısı 		Sergeant
Kıdemli Başpolis Memuru 		Corporal
Başpolis Memuru 		Police officer
Polis Memuru

Equipment

[edit]
See also: Military equipment of Turkey

Firearms

[edit]
Model Origin Type References
Yavuz 16  Turkey Semi-automatic pistol [14]
Sarsılmaz Kılınç 2000
Girsan MC 28 SA [15]
TP9 SF Elite-S [16]
SAR 9 METE [17]
Sarsılmaz Cobra Shotgun [18]
Sarsılmaz Baba
USAS-12  South Korea
Heckler & Koch MP5  West Germany Submachine gun [19]
SAR 109T  Turkey [17]
Uzi  Israel [18]
MKEK MPT  Turkey Rifle [20][21]
SAR 223T/P [18]
Heckler & Koch HK33  West Germany
Heckler & Koch G3
AKM  Soviet Union
M16 rifle  United States
M4 carbine
Heckler & Koch HK417  Germany
IMI Galil  Israel
SIG Sauer SIG516  United States
FN 303  Belgium Riot control [22]
Milkor MGL  South Africa
M203 grenade launcher  United States [18]
Penn Arms GL40
TAC40 [23]
Canik M2 QCB  Turkey Machine gun [24]
M60E6  United States [18]
M249 SAW
FN MAG 58  Belgium
LM8  Turkey [25]
KMG556 [26]
MMG556 [23]
SVD Dragunov  Soviet Union Sniper rifle [18]
LMT MWS 308  United States
IMI Galatz  Israel
PCL-54C  Romania
Steyr SSG 69PI  Austria
Steyr SSG 08
Accuracy International AX50  United Kingdom
ASELSAN KANGAL  Turkey Drone jamming system [27]
ALKA DEWS Directed energy weapon [28]
ÇETİN Unmanned ground vehicle [29]
Cankut-1 Combat drones [30]

Patrol Vehicles

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin/Assembly Type
Patrol cars
TOGG[31]  Turkey Electric patrol car
Ford Transit Courier  Turkey
 United States 		Most common patrol car
Fiat Doblo  Turkey
 Italy
Renault Mégane  Turkey
 France 		Traffic police car
Renault Symbol Standard patrol and traffic police car
Hyundai Accent  Turkey
 South Korea 		Traffic police car
Toyota Corolla  Turkey
 Japan 		Traffic and motorway police car
Fiat Egea  Turkey
 Italy 		Patrol car
Toyota Hilux  Turkey
 Japan 		Traffic police car
Renault Fluence  Turkey
 France
Renault Kangoo[32] Patrol car
Ford Transit Connect  Turkey
 United States 		Patrol car
Dacia Duster  Turkey
 France
 Romania
Fiat Linea  Turkey
 Italy
Hyundai Elantra  Turkey
 South Korea 		Traffic police car
Volkswagen Caddy[32]  Turkey
 Germany 		Patrol car
Opel Insignia Traffic police car
Opel Combo Life[32] Patrol car
BMW 320i (F30) Traffic police car
Subaru Impreza  Turkey
 Japan
Toyota Prius Patrol car/Traffic police
Mini Cooper  Turkey
 Germany
 United Kingdom
Audi A3  Turkey
 Germany
BMW 120i
Nissan Navara  Turkey
 Japan
Nissan Juke[32]
Ferrari 458 Italia[33]  Italy Traffic police car
Bentley GT[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Mercedes Benz CLA[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Mercedes Benz GLS[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Audi RS6[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Porsche Taycan[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Volvo XC90[33]  Sweden Traffic police car
Range Rover[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Land Rover Freelander[33]  United Kingdom Traffic police car
Volkswagen Golf Mk8[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Peugeot 3008[33]  France Traffic police car
BMW 5[33]  Germany Traffic police car
Skoda Kodiaq[33]  Czech Republic Traffic police car
Ford Ranger  Turkey
 United States 		Forensics car
GMC Yukon Presidential Guards car
Patrol motorbikes
BMW R1200 GS[32]  Germany Patrol motorbike
Honda Africa Twin[32]  Japan
Yamaha Fazer 1/6[32]
Honda VFR 800[32]
Vans and busses
Ford Transit  Turkey
 United States 		Patrol van
Ford Transit Custom
Fiat Ducato  Turkey
 Italy
Isuzu Turkuaz  Turkey
 Japan 		Patrol bus
Otokar Sultan -  Turkey
Katmerciler Kiraç[34] Criminal research vehicle

Armoured Vehicles

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin/Assembly Type Notes
Infantry mobility vehicles/MRAPs
Otokar APC/

Shorland S-55[35]

-  Turkey Infantry mobility vehicle 40 in service.[18]
Otokar Cobra[36]
Otokar Cobra II[18]
BMC Kirpi[37] Mine-resistant ambush protected
BMC Vuran[38]
Nurol Ejder[39] 417+ vehicles in service[40]
Nurol Yörük[41] Infantry mobility vehicle/Presidential Protection Department car
Otokar Ural[42] - Infantry mobility vehicle 230+ vehicles in service.[18]
BMC Amazon[43] Multi-purpose armoured vehicle
Nurol ILGAZ II[43] Mine-resistant ambush protected
Riot control
TOMA[39]  Turkey Intervention Vehicle against Social Incidents
AFV/APC
Cadillac Cage Commando V-150S  United States Amphibious armoured car/Armoured personnel carrier 124 total.[18]

Some were given to the SNA.

Dragoon 300 Amphibious armoured fighting vehicle 80 in service[18]
Unmanned Ground Vehicles
Aselsan Aslan[44] -  Turkey Medium-class unmanned ground vehicle
Aselsan Kaplan[45] Light-class unmanned ground vehicle

Boats

[edit]

Aircraft

[edit]
Vehicle Image Origin Type Notes
Aircraft
Beechcraft Super King Air[50]  United States Utility/Transport aircraft 2 B350i variant in use.[51]
Cessna Citation XLS+[32] Utility aircraft 1 in service.[52]
Beechcraft C90  United States Utility aircraft 2 in service.[53]
Helicopters
Sikorsky S-92  United States VIP Transport helicopter 3 S-92A Used by the Ministry.[54]
Bell 206[55]  United States
 Canada 		Multi-purpose utility helicopter 2 Bell 206L-3 in service.[56]
Bell 429[55]  United States
 Canada
 South Korea 		Multi-purpose utility helicopter 14 in service.[56]
Sikorsky S-70 Black Hawk[57]  United States
 Turkey 		Medium transport/Utility helicopter S-70A-D28 & 2 S-70i[54][56]

18 T-70 on order.[58]

2 T-70 in service[56]

TAI T625 Gökbey  Turkey Utility helicopter First batch : 3 on order.[59]
TAI/AgustaWestland T129 ATAK[60][61]  Turkey
 Italy 		Attack helicopter 3 in T129B service
Unmanned aerial vehicles
TAI Anka[62]  Turkey MALE UCAV
Baykar Bayraktar TB2[62]
ÇAĞATAY[63][64] - VTOL UAV
UÇBEY[65]
BULUT - Developed by Havelsan.[66]
Arcturus T-20[67]  United States Tactical reconnaissance UAV

Planned Acquisition :

  • New liaison and utility aircraft[68]
  • BMC Tulga SUV[69]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
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  2. ^ "Jandarma Teşkilat, Görev ve Yetkileri Yönetmeliği". mevzuat.gov.tr. Retrieved 18 January 2025.
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[edit]
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39°53′59″N 32°50′39″E / 39.89972°N 32.84417°E / 39.89972; 32.84417

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