Autonomous university
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Autonomous university typically refers to a university that exercises a high degree of autonomy from the state.[1][better source needed][2] The main dimensions of university autonomy are academic, organizational, financial and staffing autonomy.[1]
The 1988 Magna Charta Universitatum defines the first fundamental principle of a university to be an "autonomous institution" whose "research and teaching must be morally and intellectually independent of all political authority and economic power".[3] Different countries have their own implementation of university autonomy.[4]
By country
[edit] |
China
[edit]In 2011, the Southern University of Science and Technology launched in Shenzhen, Guangdong.[5] It was marketed as China's first "autonomous" university, though the level of autonomy from state institutions is disputed.[5]
Latin America
[edit]
Many Latin American countries and their universities have been affected by authoritarian dictatorships.[6] Student revolts starting from the National University of Córdoba in Argentina through to Mexico,[7] expanded the concept of university autonomy in many of these countries, where it is often constitutionally guaranteed.[6]
These include Argentina,[8] Bolivia,[9] Chile,[10] Colombia,[11] Costa Rica,[12] Dominican Republic,[13] El Salvador,[14] Guatemala,[15] Honduras,[16] Mexico,[17] Nicaragua,[18] Panama,[19] Peru[20] and Venezuela.[21]
Portugal
[edit]The Autonomous University of Lisbon is the first private university in Portugal.[22]
Singapore
[edit]In Singapore, autonomous universities are universities that are publicly funded but are autonomous from the state.[23] All public universities in Singapore are autonomous.[23]
Spain
[edit]In Spain, autonomy is guaranteed to universities under Section 27 of the Spanish Constitution, which states that the "autonomy of Universities is recognized, under the terms established by the law."[24]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Pruvot, Enora Bennetot; Estermann, Thomas (2017). "University Autonomy in Europe III" (PDF). Brussels, Belgium: European University Association. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 November 2019. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ Serrano Migallón, Fernando (1996). "University Autonomy: A Guarantee of Independence and Academic Freedom". Voices of Mexico (37). Mexico City: National Autonomous University of Mexico: 57–62. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- ^ "Magna Charta Universitatum" (PDF). Magna Charta Universitatum. Bologna, Italy. 18 September 1988. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 June 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ Anderson, Don; Johnson, Richard (April 1988). "University Autonomy in Twenty Countries" (PDF). Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Australian National University. Archived (PDF) from the original on 13 July 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ a b Leung, Mimi (25 August 2011). "CHINA: Compromises for new 'autonomous' university". University World News. London, United Kingdom: Higher Education Web Publishing. Archived from the original on 28 January 2025. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
- ^ a b Bernasconi, Andrés (14 October 2024). "Latin America: Weak academic freedom within strong university autonomy". Global Constitutionalism: 1–22. doi:10.1017/S204538172400011X. ISSN 2045-3817.
- ^ Castro-Valencia, Alberto Merced; Perez, Cesar Omar Mora; Arriaga, Fabíola Guadalupe López (25 July 2024). "UNIVERSITY AUTONOMY IN MEXICO CASE OF THE AUTONOMOUS UNIVERSITY OF MEXICO". International Journal of Professional Business Review. 9 (7): e04852. doi:10.26668/businessreview/2024.v9i7.4852. ISSN 2525-3654.
- ^ "Argentina 1853 (reinst. 1983, rev. 1994) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 1994. Archived from the original on 19 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Bolivia (Plurinational State of) 2009 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Archived from the original on 26 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Chile 2023 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2023. Archived from the original on 16 November 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Colombia 1991 (rev. 2015) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 23 September 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Costa Rica 1949 (rev. 2011) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2011. Archived from the original on 17 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Dominican Republic 2015 Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 14 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "El Salvador 1983 (rev. 2014) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Guatemala 1985 (rev. 1993) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 1993. Archived from the original on 11 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Honduras 1982 (rev. 2013) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2013. Archived from the original on 15 September 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Mexico 1917 (rev. 2015) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2015. Archived from the original on 27 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Nicaragua 1987 (rev. 2014) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2014. Archived from the original on 9 August 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Panama 1972 (rev. 2004) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2004. Archived from the original on 13 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Peru 1993 (rev. 2021) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2021. Archived from the original on 10 August 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of) 1999 (rev. 2009)". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2009. Archived from the original on 24 January 2025. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
- ^ "Why Autónoma". Autonomous University of Lisbon. Lisbon, Portugal. Archived from the original on 21 June 2024. Retrieved 28 January 2025.
- ^ a b "Post-Secondary". Ministry of Education. Singapore: Government of Singapore. Archived from the original on 15 January 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
- ^ "Spain 1978 (rev. 2011) Constitution". Comparative Constitutions Project. Chicago, Illinois and Austin, Texas: University of Chicago and University of Texas at Austin. 2011. Archived from the original on 6 December 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2025.
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