1885 in animation
Events in 1885 in animation.
Events
[edit]- Until Autumn 1885: From spring 1884 to autumn 1885, Eadweard Muybridge and his team produced over 100,000 images[1] to document the motions of animals and humans. These images were primarily created at an outdoor studio located on the northeast corner of 36th and Pine streets on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania. Subjects included animals from the veterinary hospital, as well as humans such as university professors, students, athletes, Blockley Almshouse patients, and local residents.[2] Thomas Eakins briefly collaborated with Muybridge, though Eakins preferred using multiple exposures on a single negative, while Muybridge favored capturing motion with multiple cameras.[3] Since 1879, Muybridge had been developing the zoöpraxiscope (animal action viewer), a projection device combining technologies from photography, the magic lantern, and the zoetrope to create cyclical animations of animal movement. He created painted sequences on the glass zoöpraxiscope discs, based on his motion-study photographs, to produce an early form of animation. Muybridge used these in lectures presented across the U.S. and Europe, contributing to photography and film's role in the "experience of time within modernity."[4][5]
Births
[edit]January
[edit]- January 28: Bert Green, British animator and comics artist (International Film Service), (d. 1948).[6]
February
[edit]- February 22: Pat Sullivan, Australian animator, cartoonist, and film producer (Felix the Cat), (d. 1933).[7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]
April
[edit]- April 3: Bud Fisher, American cartoonist (creator of the comic strip Mutt and Jeff; credited as writer, animator, and director for the strip's animated adaptations released by the Fox Film Corporation, though most animation was done by Raoul Barré and Charles Bowers), (d. 1954).[15][16][17]
August
[edit]- August 6: Harry O. Hoyt, American film director and screenwriter, pioneer in the use of stop-motion animation as special effects (director of The Lost World, noted for its use of stop-motion animation), (d. 1961).[18][19][20]
September
[edit]- September 14: Ashton B. Collins Sr., American inventor and marketer (creator of the character Reddy Kilowatt; producer of the animated film Reddy Made Magic, produced and released by Walter Lantz Productions), (d. 1976).[21][22][23][24]
- September 27: Clarence Wheeler, American composer (wrote music for Walter Lantz and George Pal cartoons, as well as Crusader Rabbit and Gumby), (d. 1966).[25][26][27][citation needed]
December
[edit]- December 22: Deems Taylor, American composer and master of ceremonies for Fantasia, (d. 1966). [citation needed]
References
[edit]- ^ Eadweard Muybridge (1899). E. Muybridge, Animals in motion. An electro-photographic investigation of consecutive phases of animal progressive movements, 1899. Mart - Archivio del '900. Chapman & Hall.
- ^ "A new way of thinking about motion, movement, and the concept of time". Penn Today. University of Pennsylvania. 17 February 2020. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ Brookman, Philip; Braun, Marta; Keller, Corey; Solnit, Rebecca (2010). Helios: Eadweard Muybridge in a Time of Change. Germany: Steidl. p. 83. ISBN 978-3-86521-926-8. Retrieved 27 February 2022.
- ^ "Eadweard Muybridge: Defining Modernities". Arts and Humanities Research Council, Kingston University, London. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Motion Pictures: The Zoopraxiscope". Tate Museum. Retrieved 26 February 2022.
- ^ "Bert Green".
- ^ "Pat Sullivan". lambiek.net. Retrieved May 21, 2020.
- ^ Young, John. "Sullivan, Patrick Peter (Pat) (1885–1933)". Australian Dictionary of Biography. Canberra: National Centre of Biography, Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-522-84459-7. ISSN 1833-7538. OCLC 70677943. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
- ^ Dates per Pat Sullivan at the Lambiek Comiclopedia
- ^ Kevin Scott Collier. The Animated Silent Charlie Chaplin Cartoons. Cartoon Research (20 May 2019).
- ^ Felix the Cat | St. James Encyclopedia of Pop Culture | Find Articles at BNET at findarticles.com
- ^ Jefferson City Post-Tribune (16 February 1933) "Pat Sullivan Dies"
- ^ The Evening Tribune (16 February 1933) "'Felix' Creator Dies"
- ^ Barrier, Michael (2003). Hollywood Cartoons: American Animation in Its Golden Age. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-516729-0.
- ^ "Harry C. (Bud) Fisher, Creator Of 'Mutt and Jeff,' Is Dead at 69; He Began Famous Comic Strip 'Early in Century--Owned 'String of Thoroughbreds". The New York Times. September 8, 1954. (abstract) (subscription required)
- ^ Fairy Tale Flappers: Animated Adaptations of Little Red and Cinderella (1922–1925)
- ^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 37–39. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved 6 June 2020.
- ^ Alumni directory of Yale University: graduates and non-graduates. New Haven: Yale University. 1920. p. 521. Retrieved 18 August 2015.
- ^ Nichols, Kelii (December 15, 2005). "O'BRIEN, Willis – Cartoon Hall of Fame". ASIFA-Hollywood. Retrieved February 2, 2012.
- ^ Archer, Steve. Willis O'Brien: Special Effects Genius. McFarland & Company: Jefferson, 1993.
- ^ "Reddy Kilowatt records". National Museum of American History. Retrieved 3 June 2022.
- ^ The Walter Lantz Cartune Encyclopedia: Miscellaneous Cartunes - http://lantz.goldenagecartoons.com/misc/ Archived 2011-05-14 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Reddy Kilowatt, Inc., The Reddy Kilowatt Story, 1963.
- ^ Reddy Kilowatt, Inc., Appellant, v. Mid-carolina Electric Cooperative, Inc., and National Ruralelectric Cooperative Association, Inc., Appellees, Decided Jan. 7, 1957 -http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/240/282/119473/
- ^ The Heritage Encyclopedia of Band Music: Composers and Their Music, Volume 2 By William H. Rehrig, Paul E. Bierley
- ^ Boxoffice magazine, June 3, 1944, pg. 66
- ^ ClassicThemes.com, http://www.classicthemes.com/50sTVThemes/themePages/crusaderRabbit.html