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Abhik Ghosh

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Abhik Ghosh (Bengali: অভীক ঘোষ)
Born
Abhik Ghosh

(1964-06-12)12 June 1964
Kolkata, West Bengal, India
NationalityIndian
Alma materUniversity of Minnesota
Jadavpur University
South Point School
St. Lawrence High School, Kolkata
Occupations
Known for
ChildrenAvroneel Ghosh (son)
Parent(s)Subir Kumar Ghosh (father)
Sheila Ghosh (mother)
Awards
  • PROSE Award for Best Textbook in Mathematics and Physical Sciences (2015)

  • Hans Fischer Career Award for lifetime contributions to porphyrin science (2022)

  • Olav Thon Prize for Outstanding Teaching (2025)
Honours
  • Member of the European Academy of Sciences (2022-)

  • Member of the Academia Europaea (2023-)

  • Member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters (2025-)

Abhik Ghosh (Bengali: অভীক ঘোষ) is an Indian inorganic chemist and materials scientist and a professor of chemistry at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway in Tromsø, Norway.[1]

Early life and education

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Abhik Ghosh was born in Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in 1964. He attended St. Lawrence High School (1971–1981) and South Point High School (1981–1983). As a child, he learned Sanskrit from his grandmother Ila Ghosh (née Roy), a language he still speaks and reads fluently.

Abhik obtained a B.Sc. (Honours) in chemistry from Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India, in 1987, winning the University Medal of the Faculty of Science. The same year, he moved to the University of Minnesota, where he completed a PhD under the supervision of Regents' Professor Paul G. Gassman (while also collaborating with Jan Almlöf) in 1992 and subsequently also postdoctoral research with Lawrence Que Jr. During this period, Abhik reported some of the first high-quality ab initio and density functional theory calculations on bioinorganic systems, helping lay the foundation of the now thriving field of computational bioinorganic chemistry. He did a brief, second postdoc with David Bocian at the University of California Riverside, in the course of which he derived significant new insight into the problem diatomic ligand discrimination by heme proteins.[2]

Career

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After postdoctoral stints in Minnesota and California, Abhik moved to UiT – The Arctic University of Norway in 1996, where he has remained ever since. He has had several secondary positions/affiliations: Senior Fellow of the San Diego Supercomputer Center[3] at the University of California San Diego (1997–2004), Outstanding Younger Researcher awardee of the Research Council of Norway (2004–2010), a co-principal investigator at the national center of excellence Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry (2007–2017), and a visiting professor at the University of Auckland, New Zealand, on many occasions (2006–2016). He has authored/coauthored over 300 scientific papers, which have been cited over 13,000 times with an h-index of 65 (according to Google Scholar).[4][1] He has received many awards for teaching and research, including the Olav Thon Prize for Outstanding Teaching (2025) and the Hans Fischer Career Award for Lifetime Contributions to Porphyrin Chemistry. He is a member of several national and international academies including the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, the Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences, the Academia Borealis, the European Academy of Sciences, and the Academia Europaea.

He edited two books, The Smallest Biomolecules: Diatomics and their Interactions with Heme Proteins (Elsevier, 2008),[5] a monograph on the subject, and Letters to a Young Chemist (Wiley, 2011), a popular science book on careers in chemistry research.[6][7][8][9] In 2014, he coauthored Arrow Pushing in Inorganic Chemistry: A Logical Approach to the Chemistry of the Main Group Elements (Wiley) with Steffen Berg,[10] which won the 2015 Prose Award for 'best textbook in the Physical Sciences and Mathematics'.[11][12] He has served on the editorial advisory board of the Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry (1999–2001, 2005–2007) and currently serves on the editorial boards of the Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines (2000–), Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry (2007–present), and Inorganic Chemistry (2022-present).

Research

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Selected routes to 4d and 5d metallocorroles (ref 19).

Ghosh has contributed to many areas of porphyrin-related research.

Computational bioinorganic chemistry. In the 1990s, Abhik reported some of the first large-scale ab initio and density functional theory calculations on porphyrins[13] and other bioinorganic systems,[14] helping lay the foundation of the vibrant field of computational bioinorganic chemistry (or quantum bioinorganic chemistry). During this period, he shed light on the problem of diatomic ligand discrimination by heme proteins, debunking the then-prevalent steric model and emphasizing the key role of hydrogen bonding in the distal pocket. He also reported some of the first first-principles calculations on high-valent iron-oxo species.

Transition metal spin state energetics. In the 1990s, Abhik (partly in collaboration with Peter Taylor at the San Diego Supercomputer Center) showed that common exchange-correlation functionals yield highly divergent results on the energetics of low-energy spin states of transition metal complexes. He showed that classic pure functionals tend to unduly favor lower-spin states, while hybrid functionals such as B3LYP err in the other ditrections, favoring higher-spin states. Subsequently, he showed that GGA functionals based on the OPTX exchange functional sometimes provide a good solution to the problem, as does B3LYP* (with a lower proportion of exchange relative to B3LYP). However, a functional yielding the best spin state energetics does not necessarily yield the best results for other properties such as bond distances and spin densities.

Noninnocent ligands. He has had an abiding interest in the phenomenon of ligand noninnocence[15] and has contributed substantially to studying the phenomenon in transition metal corroles[16][17][18] derivatives. Subsequently, he has used multiconfigurational ab initio calculations to tackle the longstanding question of local oxidation states in transition metal nitrosyls.[19]

Heavy element chemistry. From 2010 onward, he has developed the field of heavy element corrole derivatives, which are unusual size-mismatched metal-ligand assemblies that incorporate a large 4d or 5d transition metal ion within the sterically compressed central cavity of a corrole.[20] In this area he has reported some of the first examples of 99Tc,[21] rhenium,[22][23] osmium,[24][25] platinum,[26][27] and gold[28][29] corroles. Despite their size-mismatched character, many of these complexes have proved rugged and found applications as near-IR phosphorescent photosensitizers in oxygen sensing[30][31] and photodynamic therapy as well as in dye-sensitized solar cells.[32][33]

Low-barrier hydrogen bonds and tautomerism. Early in his career, Abhik used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study short-strong hydrogen bonds in porphyrin-type molecules.[34] Years later, he reported the first example of a stable cis tautomer of a free-base porphyrin in the form of a termolecular hydrogen-bonded complex.[35] Subsequently, they found additional examples of porphyrin cis tautomers, proving that they can be reliably obtained from virtually any strongly saddled porphyrin co-crystallized with two molecules of a hydrogen donor (typically water or an alcohol).

Miscellaneous. Abhik has contributed significantly to a variety of problems in physical organic and physical inorganic chemistry, including transition metal complexes with unusually low[36][37][38][39] and high coordination numbers, stereochemistry of sandwich compounds, metal-metal quadruple bonds[40][41][42][43] and quintuple bonds,[44] transition metal carbides,[45][46] low-valent main-group species,[47][48][49] and the perfluoro cage effect.[50]

Science communication

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Cover of Arrow Pushing in Inorganic Chemistry; design by the authors.

In collaboration with linguist Paul Kiparsky, Ghosh has written about the possible influence of Pāṇini's Sanskrit grammar, in particular the periodic Sanskrit alphabet (the Shiva sutras), on Mendeleev's conception of the periodic table, a potentially important, new insight into the history of the periodic table.[51] Ghosh has also published popular articles on arrow pushing,[52] on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of its first use by Sir Robert Robinson, and on the impact of relativity in chemistry,[53] among many others.

As a queer chemist, Ghosh has been involved in a variety of diversity initiatives. The 2011 book Letters to a Young Chemist[6] with a young woman as the protagonist and several contributions by leading female scientists has gone through numerous reprints and remains a bestseller. In 2020–2021, Ghosh published two biographical essays[54][55] on the late Martin Gouterman, a noted porphyrin chemist and one of the first openly gay/LGBT scientists, drawing a parallel with astronomer and gay rights activist Frank Kameny (see LGBT history for a more general discussion). Subsequently, he co-edited a Virtual Issue on “Out in Inorganic Chemistry: A Celebration of LGBTQIAPN+ Inorganic Chemists” highlighting queer authors in Inorganic Chemistry and other American Chemical Society journals.[56][57]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Abhik Ghosh (0000-0003-1161-6364)". orcid.org. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  2. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Bocian, David F. (January 1996). "Carbonyl Tilting and Bending Potential Energy Surface of Carbon Monoxyhemes". The Journal of Physical Chemistry. 100 (16): 6363–6367. doi:10.1021/jp953543h. ISSN 0022-3654.
  3. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (1998). "Understanding the Colors of Life: A Norway-California Collaboration". www.sdsc.edu. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  4. ^ Abhik Ghosh publications indexed by Google Scholar
  5. ^ The Smallest Biomolecules: Diatomics and their Interactions with Heme Proteins – 1st Edition. Elsevier. 12 December 2007. ISBN 978-0-444-52839-1. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  6. ^ a b Ghosh, Abhik, ed. (21 March 2011). Letters to a Young Chemist. doi:10.1002/9781118007099. ISBN 9781118007099.
  7. ^ "What's it like to be a chemist?". Royal Society of Chemistry Website. review by Simon Cotton
  8. ^ Haxton, Katherine (2011). "Chemical counselling". Nature Chemistry. 3 (12): 905. Bibcode:2011NatCh...3..905H. doi:10.1038/nchem.1211.
  9. ^ Flynn, Sarai; Harris, Markel; Montes, Luis D. (August 2012). "Review of Letters to a Young Chemist". Journal of Chemical Education. 89 (8). American Chemical Society: 973–974. Bibcode:2012JChEd..89..973F. doi:10.1021/ed3003397.
  10. ^ "Arrow Pushing in Inorganic Chemistry: A Logical Approach to the Chemistry of the Main-Group Elements | Wiley". Wiley.com. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  11. ^ "2015 Award Winners". PROSE Awards. Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  12. ^ Vibeke, Os. "Award to UiT chemists | UiT". uit.no (in Norwegian Bokmål). Retrieved 3 May 2020.
  13. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (1 April 1998). "First-Principles Quantum Chemical Studies of Porphyrins". Accounts of Chemical Research. 31 (4): 189–198. doi:10.1021/ar950033x. ISSN 0001-4842.
  14. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (1 September 2006). "Transition metal spin state energetics and noninnocent systems: challenges for DFT in the bioinorganic arena". Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry. 11 (6): 712–724. doi:10.1007/s00775-006-0135-4. ISSN 1432-1327. PMID 16841211. S2CID 22860795.
  15. ^ Ganguly, Sumit; Ghosh, Abhik (21 June 2019). "Seven Clues to Ligand Noninnocence: The Metallocorrole Paradigm". Accounts of Chemical Research. 52 (7): 2003–2014. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00115. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 31243969. S2CID 195695184.
  16. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (December 2022). "Corrole and squeezed coordination". Nature Chemistry. 14 (12): 1474. Bibcode:2022NatCh..14.1474G. doi:10.1038/s41557-022-01096-8. ISSN 1755-4349. PMID 36376391. S2CID 253522402.
  17. ^ Thomas, Kolle E.; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Conradie, Jeanet; Beavers, Christine M.; Ghosh, Abhik (21 August 2012). "The Structural Chemistry of Metallocorroles: Combined X-ray Crystallography and Quantum Chemistry Studies Afford Unique Insights". Accounts of Chemical Research. 45 (8): 1203–1214. doi:10.1021/ar200292d. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 22444488.
  18. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (22 February 2017). "Electronic Structure of Corrole Derivatives: Insights from Molecular Structures, Spectroscopy, Electrochemistry, and Quantum Chemical Calculations". Chemical Reviews. 117 (4): 3798–3881. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00590. ISSN 0009-2665. PMID 28191934.
  19. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (1 December 2005). "Metalloporphyrin−NO Bonding: Building Bridges with Organometallic Chemistry". Accounts of Chemical Research. 38 (12): 943–954. doi:10.1021/ar050121+. ISSN 0001-4842. PMID 16359166.
  20. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Thomas, Kolle E.; Einrem, Rune F.; Ghosh, Abhik (23 July 2021). "The Story of 5d Metallocorroles: From Metal–Ligand Misfits to New Building Blocks for Cancer Phototherapeutics". Accounts of Chemical Research. 54 (15): 3095–3107. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00290. ISSN 0001-4842. PMC 8382219. PMID 34297542.
  21. ^ Einrem, Rune F.; Braband, Henrik; Fox, Thomas; Vazquez-Lima, Hugo; Alberto, Roger; Ghosh, Abhik (2016). "Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 99Tc Corroles". Chemistry – A European Journal. 22 (52): 18747–18751. doi:10.1002/chem.201605015. ISSN 1521-3765. PMID 27802367.
  22. ^ Einrem, Rune F.; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Ghosh, Abhik (2016). "Metal–Ligand Misfits: Facile Access to Rhenium–Oxo Corroles by Oxidative Metalation". Chemistry – A European Journal. 22 (2): 517–520. doi:10.1002/chem.201504307. ISSN 1521-3765. PMID 26639951.
  23. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Teat, Simon J.; Borisov, Sergey M.; Ghosh, Abhik (10 April 2020). "Rhenium-Imido Corroles". Inorganic Chemistry. 59 (9): 6382–6389. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00477. ISSN 0020-1669. PMC 7311055. PMID 32275406.
  24. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Terner, James; Ghosh, Abhik (2014). "Oxidative Metalation as a Route to Size-Mismatched Macrocyclic Complexes: Osmium Corroles". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 53 (52): 14411–14414. doi:10.1002/anie.201405890. ISSN 1521-3773. PMID 25346094.
  25. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; McCormick, Laura J.; Vazquez-Lima, Hugo; Ghosh, Abhik (18 February 2019). "Relativistic Effects on a Metal–Metal Bond: Osmium Corrole Dimers". Inorganic Chemistry. 58 (4): 2798–2806. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b03391. hdl:10037/18144. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 30730723. S2CID 73426198.
  26. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Bendix, Jesper; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Beavers, Christine M.; Vazquez-Lima, Hugo; Alemayehu, Abraham B. (26 August 2014). "Platinum corroles". Chemical Communications. 50 (76): 11093–11096. doi:10.1039/C4CC02548B. hdl:10037/25265. ISSN 1364-548X. PMID 24911328.
  27. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; MCormick, Laura J.; Gagnon, Kevin J.; Borisov, Sergey M.; Ghosh, Abhik (31 August 2018). "Stable Platinum(IV) Corroles: Synthesis, Molecular Structure, and Room-Temperature Near-IR Phosphorescence". ACS Omega. 3 (8): 9360–9368. doi:10.1021/acsomega.8b01149. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 6645213. PMID 31459069.
  28. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Ghosh, Abhik (1 February 2011). "Gold corroles". Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines. 15 (2): 106–110. doi:10.1142/S1088424611003045. ISSN 1088-4246.
  29. ^ Thomas, Kolle E.; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Conradie, Jeanet; Beavers, Christine; Ghosh, Abhik (19 December 2011). "Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Gold Triarylcorroles". Inorganic Chemistry. 50 (24): 12844–12851. doi:10.1021/ic202023r. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 22111600.
  30. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Alemayehu, Abraham; Borisov, Sergey M. (16 June 2016). "Osmium-nitrido corroles as NIR indicators for oxygen sensors and triplet sensitizers for organic upconversion and singlet oxygen generation". Journal of Materials Chemistry C. 4 (24): 5822–5828. doi:10.1039/C6TC01126H. hdl:10037/24918. ISSN 2050-7534.
  31. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Einrem, Rune F.; Borisov, Sergey M. (15 May 2019). "Ambient-temperature near-IR phosphorescence and potential applications of rhenium-oxo corroles". Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences. 18 (5): 1166–1170. Bibcode:2019PhPhS..18.1166B. doi:10.1039/C8PP00473K. ISSN 1474-9092. PMID 30801581.
  32. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Day, Nicholas U.; Mani, Tomoyasu; Rudine, Alexander B.; Thomas, Kolle E.; Gederaas, Odrun A.; Vinogradov, Sergei A.; Wamser, Carl C.; Ghosh, Abhik (27 July 2016). "Gold Tris(carboxyphenyl)corroles as Multifunctional Materials: Room Temperature Near-IR Phosphorescence and Applications to Photodynamic Therapy and Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 8 (29): 18935–18942. doi:10.1021/acsami.6b04269. ISSN 1944-8244. PMID 27414087.
  33. ^ Einrem, Rune F.; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Borisov, Sergey M.; Ghosh, Abhik; Gederaas, Odrun A. (27 April 2020). "Amphiphilic Rhenium-Oxo Corroles as a New Class of Sensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy". ACS Omega. 5 (18): 10596–10601. doi:10.1021/acsomega.0c01090. ISSN 2470-1343. PMC 7227046. PMID 32426618.
  34. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Moulder, John; Bröring, Martin; Vogel, Emanuel (2001). "X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Porphycenes: Charge Asymmetry Across Low-Barrier Hydrogen Bonds". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 40 (2): 431–434. doi:10.1002/1521-3773(20010119)40:2<431::aid-anie431>3.0.co;2-a. ISSN 1521-3773.
  35. ^ Thomas, Kolle E.; McCormick, Laura J.; Vazquez-Lima, Hugo; Ghosh, Abhik (14 August 2017). "Stabilization and Structure of the cis Tautomer of a Free-Base Porphyrin". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 56 (34): 10088–10092. doi:10.1002/anie.201701965. OSTI 1436613. PMID 28370984. S2CID 6558055.
  36. ^ Tangen, Espen; Conradie, Jeanet; Ghosh, Abhik (1 March 2007). "Bonding in Low-Coordinate Environments: Electronic Structure of Pseudotetrahedral Iron−Imido Complexes". Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. 3 (2): 448–457. doi:10.1021/ct600318n. ISSN 1549-9618. PMID 26637027.
  37. ^ Conradie, Jeanet; Ghosh, Abhik (1 May 2007). "Electronic Structure of Trigonal-Planar Transition-Metal−Imido Complexes: Spin-State Energetics, Spin-Density Profiles, and the Remarkable Performance of the OLYP Functional". Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. 3 (3): 689–702. doi:10.1021/ct600337j. ISSN 1549-9618. PMID 26627386.
  38. ^ Wasbotten, Ingar H.; Ghosh, Abhik (1 September 2007). "Spin-State Energetics and Spin-Crossover Behavior of Pseudotetrahedral Cobalt(III)−Imido Complexes. The Role of the Tripodal Supporting Ligand". Inorganic Chemistry. 46 (19): 7890–7898. doi:10.1021/ic700543f. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 17713903.
  39. ^ Aquilante, Francesco; Malmqvist, Per-Åke; Pedersen, Thomas Bondo; Ghosh, Abhik; Roos, Björn Olof (1 May 2008). "Cholesky Decomposition-Based Multiconfiguration Second-Order Perturbation Theory (CD-CASPT2): Application to the Spin-State Energetics of CoIII(diiminato)(NPh)". Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. 4 (5): 694–702. doi:10.1021/ct700263h. ISSN 1549-9618. PMID 26621084.
  40. ^ Alemayehu, Abraham B.; MCormick-MPherson, Laura J.; Conradie, Jeanet; Ghosh, Abhik (7 June 2021). "Rhenium Corrole Dimers: Electrochemical Insights into the Nature of the Metal–Metal Quadruple Bond". Inorganic Chemistry. 60 (11): 8315–8321. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c00986. ISSN 0020-1669. PMC 8278387. PMID 33998801.
  41. ^ Conradie, Jeanet; Vazquez-Lima, Hugo; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Ghosh, Abhik (23 March 2022). "Comparing Isoelectronic, Quadruple-Bonded Metalloporphyrin and Metallocorrole Dimers: Scalar-Relativistic DFT Calculations Predict a >1 eV Range for Ionization Potential and Electron Affinity". ACS Physical Chemistry Au. 2 (2): 70–78. doi:10.1021/acsphyschemau.1c00030. PMC 9955219. PMID 36855506.
  42. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Conradie, Jeanet (12 March 2024). "Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Quadruple-Bonded Dimolybdenum(II,II) and Ditungsten(II,II) Paddlewheel Complexes: Performance of Common Density Functional Theory Methods". ACS Omega. 9 (10): 12237–12241. doi:10.1021/acsomega.4c00269. PMC 10938323. PMID 38496970.
  43. ^ Osterloh, W. Ryan; Conradie, Jeanet; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Ghosh, Abhik; Kadish, Karl M. (1 February 2023). "The Question of the Redox Site in Metal–Metal Multiple-Bonded Metallocorrole Dimers". ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. 3 (1): 35–40. doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00030.
  44. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Conradie, Jeanet (5 June 2024). "Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metal–Metal Quintuple Bonds: Relativity-Driven Reordering of Frontier Orbitals". ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. 4 (3): 301–305. doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.4c00002. PMC 11157506. PMID 38855336.
  45. ^ Conradie, Jeanet; Alemayehu, Abraham B.; Ghosh, Abhik (6 April 2022). "Iridium(VII)–Corrole Terminal Carbides Should Exist as Stable Compounds". ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. 2 (2): 159–163. doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.1c00029. PMC 9955125. PMID 36855452.
  46. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Conradie, Jeanet (11 December 2023). "A Theoretical Search for Stable Terminal Carbides". Organometallics. 42 (23): 3366–3369. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.3c00363. ISSN 0276-7333.
  47. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Conradie, Jeanet (5 April 2023). "Theoretical Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Low-Valent Carbon Species: A ∼6 eV Range of Ionization Potentials among Carbenes, Ylides, and Carbodiphosphoranes". ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. 3 (2): 92–95. doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.2c00045. PMC 10080723. PMID 37035281.
  48. ^ Johansen, Martin A. L.; Ghosh, Abhik (July 2023). "The curious chemistry of carbones". Nature Chemistry. 15 (7): 1042. Bibcode:2023NatCh..15.1042J. doi:10.1038/s41557-023-01241-x. ISSN 1755-4349. PMID 37407673.
  49. ^ Torstensen, Kristian; Ghosh, Abhik (7 February 2024). "From Diaminosilylenes to Silapyramidanes: Making Sense of the Stability of Divalent Silicon Compounds". ACS Organic & Inorganic Au. 4 (1): 102–105. doi:10.1021/acsorginorgau.3c00041. PMC 10853992. PMID 38344019.
  50. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Conradie, Jeanet (7 February 2023). "The Perfluoro Cage Effect: A Search for Electron-Encapsulating Molecules". ACS Omega. 8 (5): 4972–4975. doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c07374. PMC 9910065. PMID 36777561.
  51. ^ "The Grammar of the Elements". American Scientist. 4 October 2019. Retrieved 29 August 2021.
  52. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Wamser, Carl (2022). "Chemistry's Curly Arrow Hits 100". American Scientist. 110 (6): 338. doi:10.1511/2022.110.6.338. ISSN 0003-0996. S2CID 252883623.
  53. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Ruud, Kenneth (2023). "Relativity and the World of Molecules". American Scientist. 111 (3): 160. doi:10.1511/2023.111.3.160. ISSN 0003-0996. S2CID 258250885.
  54. ^ Ghosh, Abhik (2021). "An Exemplary Gay Scientist and Mentor: Martin Gouterman (1931–2020)". Angewandte Chemie. 133 (18): 9844–9854. Bibcode:2021AngCh.133.9844G. doi:10.1002/ange.202012840. ISSN 1521-3757.
  55. ^ Ghosh2020-11-18T09:45:00+00:00, Abhik. "Martin Gouterman: the gay man behind the four-orbital model". Chemistry World. Retrieved 24 July 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  56. ^ "Out in Inorganic Chemistry: A Celebration of LGBTQIAPN+ Inorganic Chemists". pubs.acs.org. Retrieved 15 April 2022.
  57. ^ Ghosh, Abhik; Tolman, William B. (11 April 2022). "Out in Inorganic Chemistry: A Celebration of LGBTQIAPN+ Inorganic Chemists". Inorganic Chemistry. 61 (14): 5435–5441. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00729. ISSN 0020-1669. PMID 35400150. S2CID 248084131.

Further reading

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  • Buntrock, R. E. (January 2012). "Review: Letters to a Young Chemist". Choice. p. 913.
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