Andronikos Doukas (co-emperor)

Andronikos Doukas
Emperor of the Romans
Gold histamenon of Romanos IV showing Michael VII flanked by his brothers Andronikos and Konstantios.
Byzantine co-emperor
Reign	1068–1070s
Co-emperors	Nikephoros Diogenes (1070–1071) Michael VII Doukas (1071–1078) Konstantios Doukas (1071–1078) Constantine Doukas (1074–1078)
Born	c. 1057
Died	c. 1077 or after 1081
Dynasty	Doukas
Father	Constantine X
Mother	Eudokia Makrembolitissa

Andronikos Doukas (Greek: Ἀνδρόνικος Δούκας, c. 1057 - c. 1077 or after 1081), Latinized as Andronicus Ducas, was the third son of Byzantine emperor Constantine X Doukas (r. 1059–1067) and younger brother of Byzantine emperor Michael VII Doukas (r. 1071–1078). Unlike his other brothers, he was not named junior co-emperor by his father, and was raised to the dignity only by Romanos IV Diogenes (r. 1068–1071). He is otherwise relatively insignificant, and was not involved in the affairs of state to any degree.

Biography

Andronikos Doukas was born circa 1057, the third son of Constantine X Doukas and Eudokia Makrembolitissa. He studied under Michael Psellos, and several works survive that were compiled by the prominent scholars of the day to aid him in his studies: one treatise on geometry by Psellos and two philosophical essays by John Italos. Psellos also compiled a laudatory monody on Andronikos after the latter's death.

Unlike his other two surviving brothers (the elder, the future Michael VII Doukas, and the younger Konstantios Doukas, who was a porphyrogennetos), he was not raised by his father to the position of co-emperor. Thus, and unlike them, he did not participate in the short regency of Eudokia that followed his father's death in 1067. It was only Romanos IV, who married Eudokia and thus succeeded Constantine X, who raised him to co-emperor, perhaps at Eudokia's request. This was also done for political reasons: the multitude of co-emperors, which soon included the two sons of Eudokia by Romanos, weakened the position of Constantine X's children in favour of Romanos himself. Furthermore, during his absence from Constantinople on campaign in the East soon after his accession, Romanos took Andronikos with him as a virtual hostage.

During the reign of his elder brother Michael VII, Andronikos continued as co-emperor, and was even possibly raised above Konstantios in precedence. Curiously, despite his apparent lack of ability and purely decorative function as co-emperor, Andronikos is included in some later lists of Byzantine emperors, coming between Romanos and Michael VII. It is unknown when he died; D. Polemis surmised that it was after 1081, but Thomas Conley argues that he died in early 1077, since he is not mentioned during Nikephoros Botaneiates's attack on Constantinople in the same year.

According to Psellos's monody, Andronikos was married and his widow died soon after him. He had no descendants.

Bibliography

• Conley, Thomas (1998). "The Alleged 'Synopsis' of Aristotle's Rhetoric by John Italos and Its Place in the Byzantine Reception of Aristotle.". In Dahan, Gilbert; Rosier-Catach, Irène (eds.). La rhétorique d'Aristote: traditions et commentaires de l'Antiquité au XVIIe siècle. Paris: Vrin. pp. 49–64. ISBN 2-7116-1307-0.
• Garland, Lynda (1999). Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, AD 527–1204. New York and London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-14688-3.
• Jeffreys, C., ed. (2016). "Andronikos 62". Prosopography of the Byzantine World. King's College London. ISBN 978-1-908951-20-5. Retrieved 6 October 2022.
• Kazhdan, Alexander, ed. (1991). The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
• Polemis, Demetrios I. (1968). The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: The Athlone Press. OCLC 299868377.