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Arvagh

Coordinates: 53°55′N 7°35′W / 53.917°N 7.583°W / 53.917; -7.583
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Arvagh
Ármhach
Town
Market House
Market House
Arvagh is located in Ireland
Arvagh
Arvagh
Location in Ireland
Coordinates: 53°55′N 7°35′W / 53.917°N 7.583°W / 53.917; -7.583
CountryIreland
ProvinceUlster
CountyCounty Cavan
BaronyTullyhunco
Population
 (2022)[1]
419

Arvagh (Irish: Árṁaċ/Ármhach, meaning 'division or place of slaughter'),[2] or Arva, is a town in County Cavan, Ireland, on the shores of Garty Lough and overlooked by Bruse Mountain.[3] It is located on the junction of the R198 and R203 regional roads.

It is situated in the centre of the drumlin belt on the border of Counties Longford and Leitrim. Its location is about 3 km southeast of the tripoint where the three provinces of Ulster, Leinster and Connacht meet.[4]

As of 2022, the town had a population of 419.[1]

Toponymy

[edit]

Árṁaċ, or Ármhach (meaning "Battlefield" or "Place of Slaughter"), was brought about because Arvagh is on the borders of 3 counties and provinces, Leitrim, Longford and Cavan (Connaght, Leinster and Ulster). The royal families of these counties would battle in Arvagh and as a result many died, Hence "Place of Slaughter".[citation needed] In 1836, Arvagh was recorded by John O'Donovan as Airbheach, 'a division'. Under descriptive marks it was recorded that "The town of Arvagh is small...The word Arvagh is derived from a rocky spot in the adjoining townland and on which the despensary is built, which signifies the place of blood or slaughter"[5]

Local folklore, recorded in the Dúchas Schools’ Collection, supports this interpretation, associating the name with historical battles in the surrounding area. However, as is common with early Irish toponyms, there is no definitive historical record of a specific event giving rise to the name, and it may also refer more broadly to a territorial or symbolic landscape feature. Another entry from the Schools’ Collection records that "the real name for the town is Drumalt," implying that this may have been the original name before it became known as Arva.[6]

History

[edit]

Early History

[edit]

Arva (Irish Ármhach, “battlefield”) lies at the western edge of the barony of Teallach Dhúnchadha (Tullyhunco) in County Cavan. Archaeological surveys have recorded over twenty ringforts (ráth) in and around the townland, indicating continuous settlement from the 6th to the 10th centuries.[7]

In the early medieval period the area formed part of the over‑kingdom of Bréifne, ruled by the Uí Briúin Bréifne dynasty. From the 11th century the local túath of Tullyhunco was governed by the Mág Tighearnán sept, whose chiefs administered Brehon law and collected tribute from their crannóg at Cruachan O’Cúbhrán.[8]

Between the 8th and 12th centuries Bréifne consolidated into West Bréifne (under the O’Rourke kings) and East Bréifne (under the O’Reilly kings). Tullyhunco, including Arva, was absorbed into East Bréifne by the mid‑13th century, a division confirmed by conflicts such as the Battle of Magh Slécht in 1256.[9] This Gaelic lordship remained until the Tudor conquest of Ireland in the 16th century.

Plantation and Foundation of the Town

[edit]

Gaelic control began to collapse during the late 16th century, particularly following the Nine Years’ War (1594–1603) and the Flight of the Earls (1607). These events paved the way for the Plantation of Ulster, a policy of land confiscation and colonisation carried out by the English Crown. Arva, along with much of southern Ulster, was granted to British settlers. The modern town was likely established during this plantation period in the early 17th century.[10]

18th and 19th Century Development

[edit]

During the 18th and 19th centuries, Arva developed further under the control of the Gosford estate, which was held by the Acheson family, later the Earls of Gosford. Surviving estate maps from 1822 and 1845 show a formally planned town layout centred around a market house and fair green.

In 1841, at which time the 1841 Census recorded a population of 69, there were four pubs in the village and the monthly fairs were of considerable local trade importance.[3][11]

Early 20th Century Life

[edit]
Arva on fair day (1940s)

A valuable snapshot of life in Arva during the early 20th century is preserved in the Schools’ Collection, compiled in the 1930s by local schoolchildren as part of a nationwide folklore project.

A snapshot of life in Arva during the early 20th century is preserved in the Schools’ Collection, compiled in the 1930s by local schoolchildren as part of a nationwide folklore project. One account, written by Joy Scott of Arva National School on 18 March 1938, describes how the town was transitioning into the modern era, with the arrival of electricity:

"There is electric light in the town which brightens it very much at night, there are lights along the streets and in nearly every house. Long ago there was only oil lamps on the street which did not show much light but now that is replaced by the electricity."[12]

The same contributor described the town’s layout and social life during the 1930s:

"There are four streets in the town namely: Main Street, Pound Street, Broad Road and Longford Street. There are a few fine buildings in the town. There are three large dances halls namely 'St. Patrick’s Hall', 'Moonlight Pavilion' and 'Memorial Hall'. The guards barrick, the post office, three banks, a chapel and a church. There is a fair held once a month in the town and a market each week. In the summer evenings the young people play tennis, camogie, football and lots of other games and in winter there are many amusements such as pictures, dances, and concerts."[13]

Governance

[edit]

Local

[edit]

Arva is located within the jurisdiction of Cavan County Council, the local authority responsible for delivering services in areas such as housing and community, roads and transportation, urban planning, environmental protection, and local enterprise development. The town lies within the Ballyjamesduff Local Electoral Area, one of the three electoral areas used for local governance within the county.

In the 2024 local elections, six councillors were elected to represent the Ballyjamesduff LEA:[14]

National

[edit]

For national representation, Arva is part of the Cavan–Monaghan constituency in Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas, Ireland’s national parliament. The constituency elects five Teachtaí Dála (TDs) using the proportional representation-single transferable vote (PR-STV) electoral system.

As of the 2024 general election, the five sitting Teachtaí Dála (TDs) representing the constituency are:[15]

Europe

[edit]

At the European level, Arva falls within the Midlands–North-West constituency, which elects five Members of the European Parliament (MEPs). As of the 2024 European Parliament elections, the MEPs representing this constituency are:[16]

Historical representation

[edit]

County Cavan (Irish Parliament constituency, 1585–1800)

[edit]

Prior to the Act of Union 1801, County Cavan returned two MPs to the Irish House of Commons. The county franchise was originally limited to forty‑shilling Protestant freeholders; the Catholic Relief Act 1793 extended the vote to qualifying Catholics; Catholic Emancipation (1829) and later UK Reform Acts (1832, 1867) further expanded the electorate.[17]

Election First MP Second MP
1585 Philip Reilly Edmund Reilly[18]
1613 Sir Oliver Lambart Sir John Fishe[18]
1634 Sir Stephen Butler Lucas Dillon[18]
1639 Colonel Philip O'Reilly (expelled 1642) Robert Bailey[18]
1661 Sir Francis Hamilton, 3rd Baronet Thomas Coote[19]
1689 Philip Reyley John Reyly
1692 Sir Francis Hamilton, 3rd Bt Robert Saunderson[a]
1697 Francis White
1703 Theophilus Butler
1713 Robert Saunderson
1715 Mervyn Pratt Brockhill Newburgh
1727 Charles Coote I John Maxwell
1751 Hon. Brinsley Butler[b]
1756 Hon. Barry Maxwell
1761 Charles Coote II
1766 William Stewart
1768 Hon. Barry Maxwell George Montgomery Patriot
1780 Hon. John James Maxwell
1783 Charles Stewart
1788 John Maxwell[c]
1788 Francis Saunderson
1793 Viscount Maxwell
1800 Nathaniel Sneyd
1801 Succeeded by the Westminster constituency Cavan

Cavan (UK Parliament constituency, 1801–1885)

[edit]

From 1801 until its division in 1885, County Cavan elected two MPs to the UK House of Commons. The Act of Union retained the forty‑shilling county franchise; the Reform Act 1832 and later acts expanded it further.[20]

Election 1st Member 1st Party 2nd Member 2nd Party
1801 Francis Saunderson Whig Nathaniel Sneyd Tory
1802
1806 John Maxwell-Barry Tory
1807
1812
1818
1820
1824 Henry Maxwell Tory[21]
1826 Alexander Saunderson Whig[21][22]
1830
1831 Sir John Young, Bt. Tory[21]
1832
1835 Conservative[21] Conservative[21]
1837
1839 Somerset Maxwell Conservative[21]
1840 Henry John Clements Conservative[21]
1841
1841
1843 James Maxwell Conservative
1847 Peelite
1852
1853 Peelite
1855 Robert Burrowes Conservative
1857 Hugh Annesley Conservative
1859
1865 Edward James Saunderson Palmerstonian Liberal
1869 Conservative
1874 Charles Joseph Fay Home Rule League Joseph Biggar Home Rule League
1880
1885 constituency abolished: see Cavan East and Cavan West

West Cavan (UK Parliament constituency, 1885–1922)

[edit]

This table lists every Member of Parliament (MP) for West Cavan from its creation in 1885 until its abolition in 1922.[23]

Election Member Party
1885 Joseph Biggar Nationalist
1890(b) Edmund Vesey Knox Nationalist
1892 Irish National Federation (Anti-Parnellite)
1895(b)[24] James Patrick Farrell Irish National Federation (Anti-Parnellite)
1900 Thomas McGovern Nationalist
1904(b) Vincent Kennedy Nationalist
1918 Paul Galligan Sinn Féin
1922 Constituency abolished: See Cavan (Dáil constituency).

Cavan (Dáil constituency, 1921–1977)

[edit]
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)
2nd 1921 Arthur Griffith
(SF) 		Paul Galligan
(SF) 		Seán Milroy
(SF) 		3 seats
1921–1923
3rd 1922 Arthur Griffith
(PT-SF) 		Walter L. Cole
(PT-SF) 		Seán Milroy
(PT-SF)
4th 1923 Patrick Smith
(Rep) 		John James Cole
(Ind) 		Seán Milroy
(CnaG) 		Patrick Baxter
(FP)
1925 by-election John Joe O'Reilly
(CnaG)
5th 1927 (Jun) Paddy Smith
(FF) 		John O'Hanlon
(Ind)
6th 1927 (Sep) John James Cole
(Ind)
7th 1932 Michael Sheridan
(FF)
8th 1933 Patrick McGovern
(NCP)
9th 1937 Patrick McGovern
(FG) 		John James Cole
(Ind)
10th 1938
11th 1943 Patrick O'Reilly
(CnaT)
12th 1944 Tom O'Reilly
(Ind)
13th 1948 John Tully
(CnaP) 		Patrick O'Reilly
(Ind)
14th 1951 Patrick O'Reilly
(FG)
15th 1954
16th 1957
17th 1961 Séamus Dolan
(FF) 		3 seats
1961–1977
18th 1965 John Tully
(CnaP) 		Tom Fitzpatrick
(FG)
19th 1969 Patrick O'Reilly
(FG)
20th 1973 John Wilson
(FF)
21st 1977 Constituency abolished. See Cavan–Monaghan

Cavan–Monaghan (Dáil constituency, 1977–present)

[edit]
Dáil Election Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)		 Deputy
(Party)
21st 1977 Jimmy Leonard
(FF) 		John Wilson
(FF) 		Thomas J. Fitzpatrick
(FG) 		Rory O'Hanlon
(FF) 		John Conlan
(FG)
22nd 1981 Kieran Doherty
(AHB)
23rd 1982 (Feb) Jimmy Leonard
(FF)
24th 1982 (Nov)
25th 1987 Andrew Boylan
(FG)
26th 1989 Bill Cotter
(FG)
27th 1992 Brendan Smith
(FF) 		Seymour Crawford
(FG)
28th 1997 Caoimhghín Ó Caoláin
(SF)
29th 2002 Paudge Connolly
(Ind)
30th 2007 Margaret Conlon
(FF)
31st 2011 Heather Humphreys
(FG) 		Joe O'Reilly
(FG) 		Seán Conlan
(FG)
32nd 2016 Niamh Smyth
(FF) 		4 seats
2016–2020
33rd 2020 Matt Carthy
(SF) 		Pauline Tully
(SF)
34th 2024 David Maxwell
(FG) 		Cathy Bennett
(SF)
  1. ^ Expelled in 1696.
  2. ^ Styled as Lord Newtown-Butler from 1756.
  3. ^ Declared not duly elected in 1788.

Demographics

[edit]

Historical population data for Arva often refers to the wider **civil parish of Arvagh**, which encompasses the town and surrounding rural area, rather than the town alone. The parish historically covered approximately 17,074 statute acres. [25]In 1837, the population of the **parish** was recorded as 4,580, of whom 422 resided in the **town** itself.[26] Throughout the 19th century, the parish population declined significantly, reflecting trends in rural depopulation, famine, and emigration.

Population of Arva parish and town (1837–2022)
Year Arva Parish Arva Town
Population ±% Population ±%
1837 4,580[27] — 422[28] —
1861 6,294[29] — no data available —
1871 5,777[30] −8.2% no data available —
1881 5,606[31] −3.0% no data available —
1891 4,912[32] −12.4% no data available —
1901 4,381[33] −10.8% no data available —
1911 3,994[34] −8.8% no data available —
1921 no data available — no data available —
1931 no data available — no data available —
1941 no data available — no data available —
1951 no data available — no data available —
1961 no data available — no data available —
1971 no data available — no data available —
1981 no data available — no data available —
1991 no data available — no data available —
1996 no data available — 327[35] —
2002 no data available — 357[36] +9.2%
2006 no data available — 364[37] +2.0%
2011 no data available — 380[38] +4.4%
2016 no data available — 411[39] +8.2%
2022 no data available — 419[40] +1.9%

Language Proficiency

[edit]

The 2022 Census reported the following language proficiency among Arva residents:

  • English only: 96.2%
  • Irish speakers: 28.5%
  • Other languages: 3.8%

Of those who spoke Irish, a small percentage used it daily outside the education system.

Events

[edit]

Each year the Arvagh Agricultural Show takes place in the village.[4][41][42] The "3 Province Festival" also takes place here over 10 days from the last weekend in July until the first weekend in August. The festival includes music, theatre, comedy, art, competitions and other events.[43]

Transport

[edit]

Bus

[edit]

Whartons Travel operate bus route 975 on behalf of the National Transport Authority. It serves the village six times a day (not Sundays) providing services to Longford via Drumlish and Cavan.[44][45] Bus Éireann route 465, (Carrigallen-Killashandra-Cavan) serves the village on Tuesday.

Rail

[edit]

Arva Road railway station on the erstwhile Killashandra branch was the nearest station to Arvagh. Nowadays bus route 975 provides a link to Longford railway station.

Angling

[edit]

The Arvagh area has numerous angling sites such as Garty Lough, Hollybank Lake, Gulladoo Lake, Guiniken Lake and Rockfield Lake.[46] The Arvagh International Fishing Festival takes place in Arvagh every September.[4]

Sport

[edit]

Arva St Patrick's is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Census Interactive Map – Towns: Arvagh". Census 2022. Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 17 July 2024.
  2. ^ "Ármhach/Arvagh". Placenames Database of Ireland (logainm.ie). Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht and Dublin City University. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
  3. ^ a b O'Neill, Kevin (2003). Family and Farm in Pre-Famine Ireland. University of Wisconsin Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 0-299-09844-3.
  4. ^ a b c "Arva". Cavan Tourism. Archived from the original on 30 April 2009. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
  5. ^ "Ármhach/Arvagh".
  6. ^ "My Home District". Dúchas.ie. National Folklore Collection, UCD. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  7. ^ O'Kelly, Patrick (1995). Archaeological Inventory of County Cavan. The Stationery Office. ISBN 9780101710921. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  8. ^ O'Reilly, J. J. (1895). History of Breifne: An Account of the Settlement, Rulers, Ecclesiastical Writings, and Antiquities of Ancient Breifne. Sealy, Bryers & Walker.
  9. ^ MacCotter, Paul (2008). Medieval Ireland: Territorial, Political and Economic Divisions. Four Courts Press. ISBN 9781846820690. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  10. ^ Perceval-Maxwell, M. (1973). The Scottish Migration to Ulster in the Reign of James I. Routledge. ISBN 9780710075387. {{cite book}}: Check |isbn= value: checksum (help)
  11. ^ "Arvagh - County Cavan". Discover Ireland. Archived from the original on 18 July 2011. Retrieved 9 March 2009.
  12. ^ "Arvagh". Dúchas.ie. The Schools’ Collection. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  13. ^ "Arvagh". Dúchas.ie. The Schools’ Collection. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  14. ^ "Local Election Results 2024 – Ballyjamesduff LEA". Cavan County Council. Cavan County Council. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  15. ^ "Cavan–Monaghan General Election 2024: Full Results". Irish Independent. 10 June 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  16. ^ "European Election 2024: Midlands–North-West Results". RTÉ News. Raidió Teilifís Éireann. 10 June 2024. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  17. ^ "Members of Parliament for County Cavan". Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  18. ^ a b c d McGrath, Bríd (24 October 1998). "A biographical dictionary of the membership of the Irish House of Commons 1640-1641".
  19. ^ Parliamentary Papers, Volume 62, Part 2. p. 607.
  20. ^ "Members of Parliament for Cavan". Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  21. ^ a b c d e f g Stooks Smith, Henry (1842). The Register of Parliamentary Contested Elections: Containing the Uncontested Elections Since 1830. London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. pp. 218–219. Retrieved 10 May 2020 – via Google Books.
  22. ^ Farrell, Stephen. "SAUNDERSON, Alexander (1783-1857), of Castle Saunderson, co. Cavan". The History of Parliament. Retrieved 10 May 2020.
  23. ^ "Members of Parliament for West Cavan". Wikipedia. Retrieved 17 April 2025.
  24. ^ At the 1895 general election, Knox was elected for both West Cavan and for Londonderry City. He chose to sit for Londonderry, triggering a by-election in West Cavan.
  25. ^ Marriages, Births, and Deaths Registered in Ireland 1891 (PDF), Registrar-General (Ireland), 1892, archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2021
  26. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1837). A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. London: S. Lewis & Co. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  27. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1837). A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. London: S. Lewis & Co. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  28. ^ Lewis, Samuel (1837). A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. London: S. Lewis & Co. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  29. ^ Marriages, Births, and Deaths in Ireland 1869 (PDF), Registrar-General, 1872, archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2021
  30. ^ Marriages, Births and Deaths in Ireland 1871 (PDF), Registrar-General, 1874, archived from the original (PDF) on 10 May 2021
  31. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.cso.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  33. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). www.nisra.gov.uk. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 May 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  35. ^ "Census 1996" (PDF). www.cso.ie. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2020.
  36. ^ "Census 2002" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 December 2020.
  37. ^ "Census 2006 – Table 5" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 December 2020.
  38. ^ "Census 2011 – Table 5" (PDF). Central Statistics Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 17 April 2019.
  39. ^ "Sapmap Area: Settlements Arva". Census 2016. Central Statistics Office. 2016. Archived from the original on 13 February 2018. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  40. ^ "Population of Towns by Size, Census 2022". Central Statistics Office. Retrieved 16 April 2025.
  41. ^ "The Breffni Challenge". 14 April 2012. Archived from the original on 14 April 2012.
  42. ^ "Arva Show - Arva Agricultural Show Society". Archived from the original on 15 February 2021. Retrieved 8 August 2021.
  43. ^ "Arva 3 Province Festival | Arva 3 Province Festival is a GO!!! Starts with the Arva Show & finishes August Bank Holiday". 26 August 2018. Archived from the original on 26 August 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2021.
  44. ^ "Route 975 Cavan - Arvagh- Longford Bus Service Commences - National Transport AuthorityNational Transport Authority". Archived from the original on 18 December 2017. Retrieved 7 August 2014.
  45. ^ "Whartons Travel - Cavan to Longford Bus - Longford to Cavan Bus". Archived from the original on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2015.
  46. ^ "Angling Ireland – Arva". Inland Fisheries Ireland. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 1 October 2020.
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