Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking
Several countries have either carried out or legislated capital punishment for cannabis trafficking.
| Country | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Has been used | An Iraqi man named Mattar bin Bakhit al-Khazaali was convicted of smuggling hashish in the northern town of Arar, close to the Iraqi border and was executed in 2005.[1] |
| Indonesia | Has been used | In 1997, the Indonesian government [citation needed] added the death penalty as a punishment for those convicted of drugs in their country. The law has yet to be enforced on any significant, well-established drug dealers. The former Indonesian President, Megawati Sukarnoputri announced Indonesia's intent to implement a fierce war on drugs in 2002. She called for the execution of all drug dealers. "For those who distribute drugs, life sentences and other prison sentences are no longer sufficient," she said. "No sentence is sufficient other than the death sentence." Megawati's successor, Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, also proudly supported executions for drug dealers.[2] |
| Malaysia | Has been used | Man sentenced to death by hanging on September 3, 2021, for 299 grams of cannabis presumed to be for trafficking.[3] Mustaffa Kamal Abdul Aziz, 38 years old, and Mohd Radi Abdul Majid, 53 years old, were executed at dawn on January 17, 1996, for the trafficking of 1.2 kilograms of cannabis.[4] |
| Philippines | No longer imposed: Extrajudicial killings now commonplace | The Philippines abolished the death penalty on June 24, 2006.[5] Previously, the Philippines had introduced stronger anti-drug laws, including the death penalty, in 2002.[6] Possession of over 500 grams of marijuana usually earned execution in the Philippines, as did possessing over ten grams of opium, morphine, heroin, ecstasy, or cocaine. Angeles City is often a Vatican for Filipino cannabis users and cultivators, although enforcement has been inconsistent.[7] |
| United Arab Emirates | Sentenced | In the United Arab Emirates city of Fujairah, a woman named Lisa Tray was sentenced to death in December 2004, after being found guilty of possessing and dealing hashish. Undercover officers in Fujairah claim they caught Tray with 149 grams of hashish. Her lawyers have appealed the sentence.[citation needed]
In July 2012, a 23-year-old British man Nathaniel Lees,[8] and an unnamed 19-year-old Syrian citizen was sentenced to death for attempting to sell 20 grams (about 3/4 of an ounce) of marijuana to an undercover officer in Dubai. [9] [10] [11] This was later commuted to four years in prison.[12] |
| Singapore | Frequently used | Death penalty has been carried out many times for cannabis trafficking. In July 2004 a convicted drug trafficker, Raman Selvam Renganathan who stored 2.7 kilograms of cannabis or marijuana in a Singapore flat was hanged in Changi Prison. He was sentenced to death on September 1, 2003, after an eight-day trial. [13] In April and May 2023 Singapore hanged 2 citizens for cannabis trafficking. 1 kilogram (2.2 pounds) and 1.5 kilograms (3.3 pounds).[14] |
| People's Republic of China | Frequently used | A 2011 article points out that the death penalty is exercised regularly for drug tradings under Chinese law, often corresponding to the United Nations' International Day Against Drug Abuse and Illicit Drug Trafficking.[15] The government does not make precise records public, however Amnesty International estimates that around 500 people are executed there each year for drug offenses.[citation needed] Those executed have typically been convicted of smuggling or trafficking in anything from cannabis to methamphetamine.[citation needed] |
| United States | Never imposed | US federal law allows for the death penalty for those who have extraordinary amounts of the drug (60,000 kilograms or 60,000 plants) or are part of a continuing criminal enterprise in smuggling contraband which nets over $20 million. From a March 2018 article: "This week, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions sent a memo to the nation’s federal prosecutors urging them to seek the death penalty in cases involving large-scale drug traffickers. The memo points to an existing but little-known federal law that already allows for such a punishment. Sessions’ memo talks largely about opioids, but federal law contains no such drug-specific limitation on prosecutors’ power."[16] |
See also
[edit]
References
[edit]- ^ "Saudi Arabia: Pakistani and Iraqi Beheaded in Saudi Arabia". Mapinc.org. 2005-01-02. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Death for pot in Indonesia". Cannabisculture.com. 2009-06-20. Archived from the original on 2011-03-07. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ Delivery man gets death for trafficking 299.09gm of cannabis. September 3, 2021 in The Star (Malaysia). Archived here.
- ^ "Amnesty International Deplores Recent Executions" (Press release). Amnesty International. 1996-01-17. Archived from the original on April 8, 2005.
- ^ Toms, Saah (2006-06-24). "Philippines stops death penalty". BBC. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ^ "Philippines Enacts Death Penalty for Drug Dealing, Possession of a Pound of Marijuana or Tens Grams of Ecstasy". Stopthedrugwar.org. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Philippine minors in Jail: Report 6 September 2002". Preda Foundation, Inc. Archived from the original on November 1, 2009.
- ^ David Blair (2012-06-29). "Briton on death row in Abu Dhabi is company director's son". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ^ Schreck, Adam (2012-06-26). "UAE: Death Sentence Handed Down To Briton Convicted On Drug Charges". Huffington Post. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ^ "Briton facing UAE death penalty". BBC. 2012-06-25. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ^ "British man sentenced to death for attempting to sell drugs to UAE officer" (Text article). Fox News. Associated Press. 2012-06-26. Retrieved 2013-05-24.
- ^ UAE court overturns death sentences of Briton and Syrian for drug dealing The National (Abu Dhabi) 13 March 2013
- ^ The Straits Times, 20 July 2004. "A CONVICTED drug trafficker, who had stored 2.7kg of cannabis in a Teban Gardens flat, was hanged in Changi Prison on Friday. Raman Selvam Renganathan, 39, was sentenced to death on Sept 1 last year after an eightday trial." [1]
- ^ Singapore hangs 2nd citizen in 3 weeks for trafficking cannabis despite calls to halt executions. AP News. May 18, 2023.
- ^ "China Celebrates UN Anti-Drug Day With 59 Executions". Stopthedrugwar.org. Retrieved 2011-02-17.
- ^ "Jeff Sessions' latest memo pushes prosecutors to seek the death penalty against big drug dealers. That could include legal marijuana business owners". The Denver Post. 2018-03-22.