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Christ Church Lutheran (Minneapolis, Minnesota)

Coordinates: 44°56′37″N 93°13′24″W / 44.94361°N 93.22333°W / 44.94361; -93.22333
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Christ Church Lutheran
Minimalist church with a rectilinear sanctuary and steeple tower flanked by an arcaded plaza
Christ Church Lutheran viewed from the northeast
Location3244 34th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55406
Coordinates44°56′37″N 93°13′24″W / 44.94361°N 93.22333°W / 44.94361; -93.22333
Built1948–1949
Built byKraus-Anderson, Inc.
ArchitectEliel Saarinen
Architectural styleInternational Style[2]
NRHP reference No.01000654[1]
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJune 20, 2001
Designated NHLJanuary 16, 2009[3]

Christ Church Lutheran is a congregation of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (ELCA) in Minneapolis. Its buildings—a sanctuary with chapel (1949) and an education wing (1962) designed by Finnish-American architects Eliel Saarinen and Eero Saarinen—have been internationally recognized, most recently in 2009 as a National Historic Landmark by the U.S Department of the Interior.

The congregation was established in 1911 as part of the Lutheran Church–Missouri Synod, but left in the 1970s as part of a dispute that led to the formation of the Association of Evangelical Lutheran Churches, which in turn was among the founding denominations of the ELCA.

The Rev. Miriam Samuelson-Roberts currently serves as lead pastor, with the Rev. Erik Haaland as associate pastor. The congregation is also served by its cantors, Deacon Mark Sedio and Martha Mutch.

Structures

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The church interior seen from the balcony
Inside the nave, facing the front

The International Style worship building was designed by the firm Saarinen and Saarinen, a father and son partnership of Eliel Saarinen (1873–1950) and Eero Saarinen (1910–1961), the project was Eliel Saarinen's last completed building. The sculptured stone panels were designed by William M. McVey (1922–1976). It was dedicated in 1949, and was acknowledged as an architectural masterpiece from the day it opened. As an early, outstanding example of modern religious architecture in the United States, it was widely published in the architectural, popular, and religious press, and provided inspiration for countless modern churches that were to be built in the 1950s and 1960s.[4] Noted conductor Osmo Vänskä said of the church that "It's a good place to play. The acoustics are good for music—for chamber music—and it's a good place for the audience to listen. It's a place not only for the congregation but also a venue for concerts."[5]

The congregation opted to go with the design after finding that their plans for a traditional Gothic Revival building would be too costly. In 1946 a new pastor, Reverend William A. Buege, contacted the elder Saarinen, then the president of the Cranbrook Academy of Art, and convinced him to take the commission. Saarinen had designed the pioneering First Christian Church in Columbus, Indiana in 1941 and used it as a model. It was Eliel Saarinen's last building; he died the following year. Upon the church's opening, Saarinen noted "if a building is honest, the architecture is religious."[4] At first look, the church appears to be an oblong box, but actually it is an irregular quadrilateral—the side walls are not parallel, nor are the front and back walls.[4]

The 1962 education building

An addition, the education building (connected by an arcade and interior hallways) was designed under the supervision of Eero Saarinen by his former employee Glen Paulsen, and completed in 1962. By coincidence it was also Eero's last completed project; he died the year before. The addition is organized around a courtyard and was carefully designed to complement and complete their earlier worship building.[4]

In 1977, the building was the eighth recipient of the American Institute of Architects Twenty-five Year Award, one of only two places of worship to have been so honored. Notably, it was chosen for this award ahead of Mies van der Rohe's iconic Farnsworth House, though both buildings were eligible in the same year. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The entire building was named a National Historic Landmark by the National Park Service by the Secretary of the Interior on January 16, 2009.[3][6][7][8]

Restoration of the bell tower was completed in 2011,[9] and the courtyard was reconstructed in 2017. In 2018, the previous organ was replaced with a new pipe organ built by Dobson Pipe Organ Builders of Lake City, Iowa.

Free architecture tours are offered to the public at 11:00 a.m. on the second Sunday of every month. Tours are led by a trained docent from the non-profit Friends of Christ Church Lutheran. Tours for larger groups can be arranged with prior consultation.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. March 15, 2006.
  2. ^ Anderson, Rolf T. (February 9, 2008). "National Register of Historic Places Registration Form: Christ Church Lutheran" (PDF). National Park Service.
  3. ^ a b "Interior Secretary Kempthorne Designates 9 National Historic Landmarks in 9 States". Department of the Interior. January 16, 2009. Archived from the original on March 5, 2009.
  4. ^ a b c d Millett, Larry (2007). AIA Guide to the Twin Cities: The Essential Source on the Architecture of Minneapolis and St. Paul. Minnesota Historical Society Press. pp. 159–60. ISBN 0-87351-540-4.
  5. ^ Peterson, Zoe (February 2, 2016). "A church's tradition of live music lives on". Star Tribune. Retrieved February 2, 2016.
  6. ^ 73 FR 56604
  7. ^ Kempthorne designates 9 new historic landmarks
  8. ^ Rochelle Olson, Landmark church takes its place in history Archived January 22, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, Star Tribune, January 17, 2009, Accessed January 19, 2009.
  9. ^ Kiley, Jacques (December 11, 2018). "The Preservation of Christ Church Lutheran by MacDonald & Mack Architects". Traditional Building. Active Interest Media. MacDonald & Mack Architects preserves Christ Church Lutheran, a National Historic Landmark and modernist icon designed by Eliel and Eero Saarinen.
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