Collier-Blocker Junior College

Collier-Blocker Junior College
Type	Junior college
Active	1960–1966
Address	1100 N. 19th Street, Palatka, Florida, U.S.

Collier-Blocker Junior College, located at 1100 N. 19th Street in Palatka, Florida, opened its doors in 1960. It was one of eleven black junior colleges founded in the late 1950s at the initiative of the Florida Legislature. The Florida Constitution of 1885 had established legal racial segregation in schools and other facilities. But the unanimous Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision of 1954 ruled that segregated facilities were unconstitutional. The legislature founded new junior colleges to add access to the segregated higher education system in the state. They wanted to demonstrate that a "separate but equal" higher education system existed in Florida for African Americans.

The college, which opened without a name other than "The Negro Junior College", was soon named for Nathan W. Collier and Sara Blocker. These educators had helped establish the Florida Normal and Industrial College in 1918 (a historically black college or university) in St. Augustine which is today's Florida Memorial University.^[1]

Collier-Blocker Junior College opened its doors in 1960, shortly after St. Johns River Junior College (today St. Johns River State College), for white students. The college was jointly supported by Clay, St. Johns, and Putnam counties;^[2] bus transportation was provided by Clay and St. Johns counties.^[3]

The college's initial home was an abandoned church building belonging to Shiloh Baptist Church (today the Greater Shiloh Missionary Baptist Church). It was across the street from the Black Central Academy High School.^[4] It moved into its own new building in 1961, located at the west end of Central Academy.^[5] The college's only curriculum was college-parallel (preparing for transfer).^[6]

Collier-Blocker and Carver Junior College were the least successful of Florida's twelve black junior colleges. It had the lowest level of enrollment and the shortest institutional life. Initial enrollment was 59; peak enrollment was 105.^[7] It had governance problems from the outset, and never achieved even limited autonomy. The disappointing level of enrollment meant that almost all the faculty were moonlighting high school teachers. Both faculty and students felt the line between the high school and the college was not clear, or that the college resembled the high school too much.^[8] There was no money for a guidance center.

The first president was Albert Williams, who was expected to develop and open the college within one month of his hiring.^[9] He resigned under pressure in 1962; the details are not public.^[10] He was replaced on an "acting" basis by Fred Brooks, principal of the black high school. He received a $500 supplement to his $8,000 salary for this responsibility.^[11] Brooks said he felt "he was taking on the role of caretaker of a dying institution."^[12]

The 1964 graduating class was the last; there were 12 graduates.^[13] The college was placed under the supervision of St. Johns River Junior College, and the position of president was abolished.^[14]

The president of St. Johns believed that Collier-Blocker faculty should emphasize vocational and remedial work in the evening, and said that "only 19 of the students...could meet the standards for admission to St. Johns Junior College."^[15] The facility operated as the Collier-Blocker Center of St. Johns, until it was closed completely in 1966. Today the building houses the Robert Jenkins, Jr., Middle School.^[16]

In 2012, a wall was created at St. Johns with portraits and other mementos of Collier-Blocker.^[17]^[18] A plaque on that wall reads:

In the fall of 1960, Collier-Blocker Junior College was established under the leadership of President Albert Williams with the purpose of educating African-American students from Clay, Putman, and St. Johns Counties. The name Collier-Blocker was chosen to honor two well-known African-American Northeasat Florida educators, Dr. Nathan W. Collier and Sara Blocker. From its very creation, the College unfortunately faced adversities including disagreement among its advisory board members over the college name, a lack of strong local community support, and an insufficient amount of planning time prior to the College's opening. President Williams had been given the seemingly unsurmountable challenge of readying the College for full operation in only one month, but with the help of Dean Cleo Higgins, he was successful in meeting the goal and the College began meeting the educational needs of its inaugural class of 59 students in the fall of 1960. The College had its largest enrollment of 106 students during the 1962-63 academic year. While Collier-Blocker was clearly addressing a community need and its initiatives were indeed innovative for its time, the College struggled with obstacles such as low enrollment and a lack of cohesion among the College's leadership. Collier-Blocker's last class graduated in the spring of 1964, and during the 1964-1965 academic year, the College was renamed the Collier-Blocker Center and placed under the purview of St. Johns River Junior College. At the end of the 1965-1966 academic year, the Collier-Blocker Center was dissolved and fully merged with St. Johns River Junior College.^[19]

References

^ Walter L. Smith, The Magnificent Twelve: Florida's Black Junior Colleges, Winter Park, Florida, FOUR-G Publishers, 1994, ISBN 1885066015, p. 190.
^ Smith, pp. 185-186.
^ Smith, p. 194.
^ Smith, p. 191.
^ Smith, p. 195.
^ Smith, p. 201.
^ Smith, pp. 192 and 194.
^ Smith, p. 195.
^ Smith, p. 187.
^ Smith, pp. 197-198.
^ Smith, pp. 199-200.
^ Smith, p. 200.
^ Smith, pp. 206-207.
^ Smith, p. 208.
^ Smith, p. 209.
^ Smith, pp. 194 and 209.
^ http://www.sjrstate.edu/press2012/collierblocker.html Archived 2013-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 3, 2016.
^ www.sjrstate.edu http://www.sjrstate.edu/press2012/cb.html. Retrieved May 3, 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}
^ www.liveliving.org http://www.liveliving.org/2015/09/07/what-will-it-take-to-get-your-attention/. Retrieved May 4, 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}

[1] Walter L. Smith, The Magnificent Twelve: Florida's Black Junior Colleges, Winter Park, Florida, FOUR-G Publishers, 1994, ISBN 1885066015, p. 190.

[2] Smith, pp. 185-186.

[3] Smith, p. 194.

[4] Smith, p. 191.

[5] Smith, p. 195.

[6] Smith, p. 201.

[7] Smith, pp. 192 and 194.

[8] Smith, p. 195.

[9] Smith, p. 187.

[10] Smith, pp. 197-198.

[11] Smith, pp. 199-200.

[12] Smith, p. 200.

[13] Smith, pp. 206-207.

[14] Smith, p. 208.

[15] Smith, p. 209.

[16] Smith, pp. 194 and 209.

[17] ttp://www.sjrstate.edu/press2012/collierblocker.html Archived 2013-06-15 at the Wayback Machine, retrieved May 3, 2016.

[18] www.sjrstate.edu http://www.sjrstate.edu/press2012/cb.html. Retrieved May 3, 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}

[19] www.liveliving.org http://www.liveliving.org/2015/09/07/what-will-it-take-to-get-your-attention/. Retrieved May 4, 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)^{[title missing]}

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v t e Historically black colleges and universities (List)
Public institutions	Alabama A&M Alabama State Albany State Alcorn State Arkansas–Pine Bluff Bishop State CC Bluefield State Bowie State Central State Cheyney Coahoma CC Coppin State Delaware State Elizabeth City State Fayetteville State Florida A&M Fort Valley State Gadsden State CC Grambling State Harris–Stowe Hinds CC Jackson State Kentucky State Langston Lincoln, Missouri Lincoln, Pennsylvania Maryland, Eastern Shore Mississippi Valley State Morgan State Norfolk State North Carolina A&T North Carolina Central Prairie View A&M Savannah State Shelton State CC South Carolina State Southern Southern–New Orleans Southern–Shreveport Tennessee State Texas Southern UDC/UDC-CC UVI Virginia State West Virginia State Winston-Salem State
Private institutions	Allen Arkansas Baptist Barber–Scotia Benedict Bennett Bethune–Cookman Claflin Clark Atlanta Dillard Edward Waters Fisk Florida Memorial University Hampton Howard Huston–Tillotson Interdenominational Theological Center Jarvis Christian Johnson C. Smith Knoxville Lane LeMoyne–Owen Livingstone Meharry Miles Morehouse Morehouse School of Medicine Morris Brown Morris Oakwood Paine Paul Quinn Pensole Lewis Philander Smith Rust Selma Shaw Simmons College (Ky.) Southwestern Christian Spelman Stillman St. Augustine's Talladega Texas College Tougaloo Tuskegee Virginia Union Virginia University Voorhees Wilberforce Wiley Xavier (Louisiana)
Defunct institutions	Bishop Booker T. Washington Carver Central Mississippi College Collier-Blocker Concordia Alabama Daniel Payne Frelinghuysen Georgia Baptist Gibbs Guadalupe Hampton Haygood Seminary Immanuel Lutheran Jackson Johnson Kittrell Lincoln Junior College Louisville Municipal Luther Miner Teachers College Mississippi Industrial College Morristown Mount Hermon Female Seminary New Orleans University Roosevelt Rosenwald Saint Paul's SCSU Law School Storer Straight Suwannee River Terrell Law School Turner Volusia County Western
Law Schools	David A. Clarke School of Law (UDC) Florida A&M University College of Law Howard University School of Law North Carolina Central University School of Law Southern University Law Center Thurgood Marshall School of Law (Texas Southern)
Consortia	Atlanta University Center Florida's Black Junior Colleges Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference Southwestern Athletic Conference Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association Southern Intercollegiate Athletic Conference HBCU Athletic Conference

See also

References