Columbea

Columbea; Temporal range: Eocene–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria)
	Black-necked Grebe (Podiceps nigricollis)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Infraclass:	Neognathae
Clade:	Neoaves
(unranked):	Columbea; Jarvis et al., 2014
Clades
	Columbimorphae; Mirandornithes;

Columbea is a clade suggested by genome analysis that contains Columbiformes (pigeons and doves), Pteroclidae (sandgrouse), Mesitornithidae (mesites) and Mirandornithes (flamingos and grebes).^[2] Until their recent placement as the sister taxon to Passerea, in the last decade various genetic analysis found them to be in the obsolete clade Metaves.^[3]^[4]

Columbea

Mirandornithes

	Phoenicopteriformes (flamingos)

	Podicipediformes (grebes)

(Phoenicopterimorphae)

Columbimorphae

Columbiformes (pigeons and doves)

	Pterocliformes (sandgrouse)

	Mesitornithiformes (mesites)

References

^ Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1992) A very large primitive sandgrouse aves columbiformes pteroclidae in the paleogene of phosphorites du quercy france Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II Mecanique-Physique-Chimie Sciences de l'Univers Sciences de la Terre 314(2):228-235
^ Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.
^ Ericson, P. G.P; Anderson, C. L; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S; Kallersjo, M.; Ohlson, J. I; Parsons, T. J; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils". Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284.
^ Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; et al. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History" (PDF). Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.

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[1] Mourer-Chauvire, C. (1992) A very large primitive sandgrouse aves columbiformes pteroclidae in the paleogene of phosphorites du quercy france Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II Mecanique-Physique-Chimie Sciences de l'Univers Sciences de la Terre 314(2):228-235

[Jarvis2014-2] Jarvis, E.D.; et al. (2014). "Whole-genome analyses resolve early branches in the tree of life of modern birds". Science. 346 (6215): 1320–1331. Bibcode:2014Sci...346.1320J. doi:10.1126/science.1253451. PMC 4405904. PMID 25504713.

[Ericson-3] Ericson, P. G.P; Anderson, C. L; Britton, T.; Elzanowski, A.; Johansson, U. S; Kallersjo, M.; Ohlson, J. I; Parsons, T. J; Zuccon, D.; Mayr, G. (2006). "Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils". Biology Letters. 2 (4): 543–547. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523. PMC 1834003. PMID 17148284.

[Hackett-4] Hackett, S. J.; Kimball, R. T.; Reddy, S.; et al. (2008). "A Phylogenomic Study of Birds Reveals Their Evolutionary History" (PDF). Science. 320 (5884): 1763–1768. Bibcode:2008Sci...320.1763H. doi:10.1126/science.1157704. PMID 18583609. S2CID 6472805.

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