CD+G
 | |
| Media type | Optical disc |
|---|---|
| Encoding | Various |
| Capacity | Typically up to 800 MB[citation needed] (up to 80 minutes audio) |
| Read mechanism | 780 nm laser diode |
| Standard | Red Book |
| Developed by | Philips & Sony |
| Usage | Audio with primitive visuals |
| Extended from | CD-DA |
| Extended to | CD+EG |
| Optical discs |
|---|
 |
CD+G (also known as CD-G, CD+Graphics, and TV-Graphics[1]) is an extension of the compact disc standard that enables the display of low-resolution graphics alongside audio content when played on a compatible device. This functionality is most commonly associated with karaoke systems, which use CD+G discs to display on-screen lyrics synchronized with music playback. The CD+G format was defined by Philips and Sony as an extension of the Red Book specification for audio CDs.[2][1]
The first commercially released CD to utilize the CD+G format was Eat or Be Eaten by Firesign Theatre in 1985.[3] A related format, CD+EG, offers enhanced graphical capabilities but has seen little adoption in commercial releases.[2]
Design
[edit]The CD+G format takes advantage of the six Compact Disc subcode channels R through W (which are unused in standard Compact Disc Digital Audio), to provide 6 extra bits in CD+G for graphics information per 24 bytes of audio data. When a disc is read at normal speed, these six channels provide only 28.8 kbit/s for graphics, which is enough to provide primitive visuals but which is dwarfed by modern bitrates (for comparison see bit rate § Video).[2][a]
In the CD+G system, 16-color (4-bit) raster graphics are constructed using tiled rendering with 6×12 pixel tiles (6 pixels wide and 12 lines high). These tiles are typically font definitions for text (such as for karaoke or info about the music). But the tiles can be used in any manner that tile rending permits, such as for fragments which combine together to represent a picture, or simply for patterns to decorate the background. These tiles are displayed in the main central 288×192 pixel area which is surrounded by a 1-tile thick border (for a total raster field of 300×216 pixels). The 16 colors are defined in a color table, which can be manipulated to change the color scheme and simulate primitive animations.
Instruction set
[edit]The main instructions for manipulating graphics are:
- Memory Preset: Set the screen to a particular color.
- Border Preset: Set the border of the screen to a particular color.
- Tile Block (Normal): Load a 12×6 tile, 2 color tile and display it normally.
- Scroll Preset: Scroll the image, filling in the new area with a color.
- Scroll Copy: Scroll the image, rotating the bits back around.
- Define Transparent Color: Define a specific color as being transparent.
- Load Color Table (entries 0–7): Load in the lower 8 entries of the color table.
- Load Color Table (entries 8–15): Load in the upper 8 entries of the color table.
- Tile Block (XOR): Load a 12×6 tile, 2 color tile and display it using the XOR method.
Improvements
[edit]
Compact Disc + Extended Graphics (CD+EG, also known as CD+XG and Extended TV-Graphics[1]) is an enhanced version of the CD+G format. Like CD+G, it stores additional visual data in the subcode channels R to W of a standard audio CD, allowing for the display of graphics and text alongside music playback. CD+EG offers improved graphical capabilities compared to CD+G, including higher resolution and a broader color palette. However, the format saw limited commercial adoption, and few CD+EG titles were released.[4]
CD+EG supports the following display specifications:
- Resolution: 288 pixels per line × 192 lines
- Color depth: up to 256 colors
Usage
[edit]Along with dedicated karaoke machines, other consumer devices that play CD+G format CDs include the NEC TurboGrafx-CD (a CD-ROM peripheral for the TurboGrafx-16) and Turbo Duo, as well as the Japan-only successor the PC-FX, the Philips CD-i, the Sega CD, Sega Saturn,[5] the JVC X'Eye, the 3DO Interactive Multiplayer, the Amiga CD32 and Commodore CDTV, and the Atari Jaguar CD (an attachment for the Atari Jaguar). Some CD-ROM drives can also read this data. Pioneer's LaserActive player can also play CD+G discs, as long as either the PAC-S1/S-10 or PAC-N1/N10 game modules are installed.
Since 2003, some standalone DVD players have supported the CD+G format. Regular audio CD players will output only the audio tracks as if it was a normal music CD, unless otherwise designed to read the extra data (lyrics and images).[6]
CD+G karaoke albums are still made today by several UK and US manufacturers including Sunfly, Zoom Entertainments, SBI Karaoke and Vocal Star. Although the popularity of CD sales are dwindling the format is still widely used as MP3+G downloads.
Notable releases
[edit]Although CD+G found its market in karaoke entertainment, some music labels were keen to experiment with the format and a number of albums were released which featured graphic images, animations and text. These special edition CD+G releases are now very rare and have become collectible items as a result. Some albums released include:
- Alphaville – The Breathtaking Blue
- Anita Baker – Rapture
- Crosby, Stills & Nash – Live It Up
- Fleetwood Mac – Behind the Mask
- The Jimi Hendrix Experience – Smash Hits
- Information Society – Information Society
- Chris Isaak – Silvertone
- Laura Branigan – Laura Branigan
- Little Feat – Representing the Mambo
- Lou Reed – New York
- Simply Red – Picture Book
- Donna Summer – Another Place and Time
- Talking Heads – Naked
Daiichi Kosho is a former karaoke music manufacturer and their high-quality edit-a-vision range of 99 CD+Gs is still highly sought after by karaoke presenters today.
CD+G karaoke CDs are often ripped onto computer hard drives as MP3+G, with the audio encoded in the standard audio format, MP3, and the graphics encoded in a RAW format. These can then be played on computers using VLC media player, Karafun, or professionally by DJs and karaoke presenters using software such as Karma or Atomix VirtualDJ often in conjunction with a DJ controller manufactured by Pioneer, Denon, Roland or Numark.
Notes
[edit]- ^ The document does contain a number of errors, later discovered.
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "CD Logos". February 4, 2013.
- ^ a b c "CD+G Revealed". jbum.com.
- ^ Brewer, Bryan; Key, Edd (1987). The Compact Disc Book. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. p. 96.
- ^ "Extended Graphics". extended.graphics.
- ^ The Watch Dog (February 1998). "Buyers Beware". GamePro. No. 113. IDG. p. 26.
- ^ "Will CDG play on my CD player, computer or DVD player?". www.allstarcustom.com. All Star Karaoke. Retrieved 23 June 2020.