Draft:Kaka Ziad Koya
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Kaka Ziad Koya
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|---|---|
| کاکە زیادی کۆیە Kaka Ziadi Koye | |
| Born | 1 July 1914 |
| Died | 12 April 1991 (aged 76)[1] Naghdeh, Iran. |
| Burial place | Koy Sanjaq, Iraq |
| Occupation(s) | Aristocrat, Politician, Revolutionary Financier |
| Term | 1946–1975 |
| Political party | Kurdistan Democratic Party (1946–1991) |
| Spouse | Delarm Baba Ali Barzinji |
| Children | 13, including Mahmoud Agha and Howar Ziad |
| Family | Ghafouri |
Mohammed Ziad Hama Mahmoud Agha Ghafouri (Kaka Ziad Koya) (Kurdish: محمد زیاد حامە مەحموود غەفوری, romanized: Mohammed Ziad Hama Mahmoud) (1914–1991) was a Kurdish politician, revolutionary, aristocrat, financier and advocate for Kurdish rights. Born in Koy Sanjaq, Erbil province, he was a prominent supporter of the First (1931) and Second (1943–1945) Barzani Revolutions. In 1946, he became deputy leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party at its first congress.
Elected to the Iraqi Parliament in 1943, he championed Kurdish rights and provided critical support to Kurdish revolutionaries and exiles.[2]
Kaka Ziad was known for his progressive stance on education and women’s rights, sending his daughters to school at a time when it was uncommon. Despite enduring imprisonment, exile, and the confiscation of his property due to land reform, he remained dedicated to the Kurdish cause, joining the Peshmerga forces in 1963 and participating in key political congresses. He passed away in 1991 in Iranian Kurdistan and was buried in Koy Sanjaq. Kaka Ziad is remembered as a resilient leader who played a pivotal role in advancing Kurdish autonomy and unity. [3]
Early life
[edit]Kaka Ziad Koya, born Mohammed Ziad Hama Mahmoud Agha Ghafouri, was born in Koy Sanjaq, Erbil Province in 1914. His father, Hama Agha, was an aristocrat and owned agricultural land in and around Koya. Hama Agha was made the governor of Koya by British authorities during their administration of Iraq in the early 20th century. His appointment was part of the British strategy to manage the tribal and local governance system by relying on influential Kurdish leaders to maintain order and loyalty. [4]
Hama Agha’s leadership and influence within the Kurdish community, coupled with his reputation as a respected elder and tribal figure, made him a suitable candidate for this role. His position as governor aligned with the British approach of empowering local leaders to act as intermediaries between the British administration and the Kurdish population, ensuring stability in the region. [5]
His appointment took place during the period of British Mandate rule in Iraq (1920–1932), when they exercised significant influence over Kurdish territories. His role as governor involved mediating tribal disputes, managing local administration, and supporting British interests in the region.[6]
Political Career
[edit]
Kaka Ziad's political activities began in 1933. Together with Sabir Ismail, Zaki Ahmad Hanari, Mustafa Khoshnaw and several other activists, he founded the Mutanawirin Association, which became a tool to defend the rights of the Kurdish people.
Barzani Revolution and Early Involvement
[edit]Kaka Ziad Koya actively supported the First Barzani Revolution (1931) and the Second Barzani Revolution (1943–1945).
Member of Iraqi Parliament
[edit]In 1943, he was elected to the Iraqi Parliament, representing Koy Sanjaq, and used his position to champion Kurdish rights. In 1948 he resigned as a member of parliament in Iraq in protest against the government’s treatment of demonstrators during Wathbah protests in Baghdad. [7] In 1946, at the first congress of the Kurdish Democratic Party, he was elected the deputy leader of the party.[8]
Advocacy and Activism
[edit]He co-founded the Youth Association (Mutanawirin Association) in 1933 and joined the Kurdish Hiwa Party in 1939. He provided financial support to Kurdish movements, including the Kurdish Revival Society (ZK), the Communist Party in Iraqi Kurdistan, and the Republic of Mahabad. Moreover, during the formation of the state of Israel, Iraq was expelling its Jewish population. Kaka Ziad Koya ensured the full protection of Koya’s Jewish population during widespread looting against the Jewish population of Iraq, always defending their rights. [9]
Kaka Ziad hosted and aided Kurdish exiles and revolutionaries, including those fleeing Iranian persecution, and funded educational initiatives such as a free dormitory for Kurdish students in Baghdad.
Resistance and Challenges
[edit]Kaka Ziad was frequently targeted by the Iraqi authorities for his activism. He was expelled to Shaqlawa in 1945, imprisoned for a year, and faced repeated confiscations of his property, including his land in 1959 under the agricultural reform laws of Abdul-Karim Qasim. His home in Baghdad hosted the Kurdish Democratic Party's fourth congress in 1959 [10], underscoring his commitment to the Kurdish cause.[11]
In 1963, he joined the Peshmerga forces, further solidifying his role in the Kurdish struggle. He participated in key political congresses, including the First and Second People's Congresses (1963 (held in his house in Koya), 1964), and worked to reconcile divisions within the Kurdish leadership between the political and presidential branches of the KDP.
Exile and Later Life
[edit]After the collapse of the September Revolution in 1975, Kaka Ziad was exiled to Iran and later expelled to Baghdad by the Ba'athist regime. In the 1980s, he supported the Barzani family during their hardships. Despite his displacement, he returned to Koy Sanjaq in 1990, only to move again during the Kurdish uprising of 1991. He passed away on April 12, 1991, in Naghdeh, East Kurdistan, and was buried on August 25, 1991, in the Kakon Cemetery in Koya.
Legacy
[edit]Kaka Ziad Koya is remembered as a resilient leader who played a pivotal role in the Kurdish struggle for autonomy and rights. His contributions to Kurdish politics, education, and unity continue to inspire future generations. Kaka Ziad was a pivotal figure in Kurdish political and social history, known for his steadfast commitment to the Kurdish cause and his exceptional skills as a mediator. He played a significant role in fostering unity among Kurdish leaders, including Mustafa Barzani and Sheikh Ahmed, during a critical period of political turbulence in the mid-20th century. Ziad was instrumental in mediating disputes, particularly between Barzani and other factions, working tirelessly to align their interests for the greater good of Kurdish solidarity. [12]
He was widely respected for his wisdom, diplomatic acumen, and ability to navigate complex political landscapes. Ziad’s efforts were not limited to internal mediation; he also engaged with Iraqi authorities to advocate for Kurdish rights, often balancing immense external pressures while preserving the movement’s goals. His steadfast loyalty to the Kurdish cause and his ability to inspire trust among diverse factions made him a cornerstone of the Kurdish struggle. [13] Despite facing challenges, including external opposition and internal divisions, Kaka Ziad remained committed to prioritizing the collective interests of the Kurdish people above personal or political gain. His legacy as a leader, negotiator, and advocate for unity continues to be remembered with respect and admiration. [14]
A busy intersection in Erbil is named after him, Chwariani Kaka Ziadi Koya, which is on the Erbil-Koya Road.
References
[edit]- ^ "Kaka Ziad Koya". Partipedia. 25 July 2023. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
- ^ "Land Reform and Kurdish Nationalism in Post Colonial Iraq" (PDF). eprints.lse.ac.uk. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
- ^ "The First Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party". partipedia.org. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
- ^ Hay, William Rupert (1921). Two Years in Kurdistan. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
- ^ Hay, William Rupert (1921). Two Years in Kurdistan. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
- ^ Hay, William Rupert (1921). Two Years in Kurdistan. London: Sidgwick & Jackson.
- ^ "حوار العمر. الرئيس مام جلال: إلتقيت بالجواهري أول مرة في 1948". pukmedia.com.
- ^ "The First Congress of the Kurdistan Democratic Party". partipedia.org. Retrieved 16 January 2025.
- ^ "A Brief History About the Jews of Kurdistan" (PDF). hewlname.com. Retrieved 16 January 2025. page 111}}
- ^ "the Dates of the Previous KDP Conferences". arknews.net. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ^ "about kdp". kdp—fro.krd. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
- ^ Dizayee, Mohsin (2001). أحداث عاصرتها (PDF). Erbil: Aras Publishing. pp. 150, 155, 188, 189, 190. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ^ Dizayee, Mohsin (2001). أحداث عاصرتها (PDF). Erbil: Aras Publishing. pp. 150, 155, 188, 189, 190. Retrieved 17 January 2025.
- ^ Dizayee, Mohsin (2001). أحداث عاصرتها (PDF). Erbil: Aras Publishing. pp. 150, 155, 188, 189, 190. Retrieved 17 January 2025.