Draft:Molela teracotta clay art

Molela Terracotta Art is a unique form of low-relief terracotta sculpture that originates from Molela, a small village on the banks of the Banas River in Rajsamand district, Rajasthan, India. The art is primarily practiced by the Kumhar (potter) community and is especially known for its richly decorated plaques depicting folk deities, mythological narratives, and rural life.

History

The origins of this art form are rooted in centuries-old tribal customs. According to local oral histories, a visually impaired potter once dreamed of the deity Devnarayan, who instructed him to craft his image in clay. Upon completing the sculpture, the potter miraculously regained his sight. This legend contributed to the widespread practice of making clay plaques of deities.

Crafting Process

Molela terracotta works are created without a potter’s wheel. Artisans collect alluvial clay from nearby riverbeds and mix it with straw and donkey dung for strength and binding. The clay is then flattened and shaped into rectangular plaques. Artisans sculpt scenes and figures in shallow relief using simple tools or fingers. After sun-drying, the plaques are fired in open kilns. Sometimes, they are painted with mineral pigments to enhance visual appeal.

Themes and Iconography

The plaques often depict deities such as Devnarayan, Nagaraja, and Kalaji-Gorajaji, along with representations of village scenes, animals, and rituals. These images cater largely to the Bhil, Garasia, and Gujjar tribes, who use them as votive offerings during pilgrimage seasons.

Cultural and Ritual Significance

The plaques serve not only aesthetic purposes but also deep spiritual ones. Each year, tribal communities from southern Rajasthan travel to Molela to commission terracotta panels for their shrines. These offerings are believed to protect families and villages from misfortune and bring prosperity.

Modernization and Innovations

Artisans have adapted the art form to suit contemporary tastes by making murals, wall hangings, and decorative tiles. While preserving the traditional technique, many craftsmen are now producing customized pieces for urban buyers and art collectors. Artists like Padma Shri recipient Mohan Lal Kumhar have been instrumental in popularizing Molela art nationally and globally.

Preservation and Challenges

Despite its cultural significance, the craft faces sustainability challenges. Younger generations are migrating for better opportunities, leading to a decline in traditional practices. Lack of access to consistent markets, modern tools, and government support adds to the pressure. However, NGOs and craft organizations are making efforts to revive and document the tradition.

External Links

• Molela Terracotta – Gaatha
• Peepul Tree – Molela Art
• MeMeraki – Molela Craft Blog
• Molela Clay Works – Artist Directory