Draft:Operation Uttaran
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| Operation Uttaran | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict | |||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||
 Government of Bangladesh |
Various:
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| Commanders and leaders | |||||||
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| N/A | ||||||
| Units involved | |||||||
 Shanti Bahini | |||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| N/A | ||||||
Operation Uttaran (Bengali: অপারেশন উত্তরণ) is a military operation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh that has been ongoing since September 2001. It replaced Operation Dabanal.[4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]
Background
[edit]In 1976, the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board was established and various clashes occurred between Bangladeshi security forces and insurgent groups from 1977 to 1997, the conflict resulted in thousands of casualties until the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997, leading to the end of Operation Dabanal which was launched by the Bangladesh Army, however the accord was not fully implemented leading to indirect tensions between insurgents and the Bangladeshi government.[12][13][14]
History
[edit]Operation Uttaran was launched by the caretaker government in September 2001,[9] After the BNP—Jamaat alliance took power in October 2001 after a victory in the 2001 general election, Bangladeshi security forces expanded its military operation against insurgents in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[15] At least one-third of total personnel of the Bangladesh Army were deployed to Operation Uttaran.[3] Operation Uttaran also replaced Operation Dabanal, which established de facto military rule in the hill tracts.[6][16][5][17][18]
Administration
[edit]Under Operation Uttaran, Bangladesh Army received 10,000 tons of rice which was used to develop settler villages for Bengali Muslims in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[19] After the operation was launched, the military maintained control over local resources, education and civil administration.[6][8][9][10][11] Operation Uttaran allowed the military and paramilitary to intervene in civil society and political matters in the Chittagong hill tracts.[20][21]
References
[edit]- ^ Samad, Saleem (11 January 2021). "Peace remains elusive for hill people in the CHT". FreeVoice. Retrieved 16 May 2025.
- ^ "Ansar-VDP to hold 44th National Assembly". 12 February 2024. Retrieved 16 May 2025.
- ^ a b Choudhury, Zahidul; Arefin (27 April 2020). MAPPING CONFLICT IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS 1997-2014. p. 84.
- ^ "Military starts combing operation in Bandarban". bdnews24.com. 20 May 2005. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ a b "Implementation of CHT accord demanded". New Age (Bangladesh). 15 February 2025. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ a b c "Militarisation in CHT". Parbatya Chattagram Jana Samhati Samiti. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ বাংলাদেশের পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রামে অশান্তির পেছনে যে ৭টি কারণ. BBC Bangla (in Bengali). 28 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2025.
- ^ a b The Indigenous World 2002-2003. IWGIA. 2003. p. 303. ISBN 9788790730741.
- ^ a b c Hameeda Hossain, Amena Mohsin (30 May 2016). Of the Nation Born. Zubaan. ISBN 9789385932076.
- ^ a b Ridwan-al-Mahmood (2012). Bangladesh Army and Symbol of National Pride. University of Minnesota. p. 72.
- ^ a b The Indigenous World. IWGIA. 2005. p. 379. ISBN 9788791563058.
- ^ Fortna, Virginia Page (2008). Does Peacekeeping Work?: Shaping Belligerents' Choices after Civil War. Princeton University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-1-4008-3773-1.
- ^ Saha, Partha; Shankar (2 December 2024). "27 yrs of CHT Peace Accord: Fundamental sections yet to be implemented". Prothom Alo. Retrieved 17 May 2025.
- ^ Handbook Of Terrorism In The Asia-pacific. p. 287.
- ^ চুক্তি-পূর্ব অবস্থায় চলে যাচ্ছে পার্বত্য চট্টগ্রাম [Chittagong Hill Tracts returning to pre-agreement status]. Prothom Alo (in Bengali). 2 December 2020. Retrieved 14 May 2025.
- ^ "CHTC urges govt to withdraw circular against indigenous term use". Dhaka Tribune. 3 August 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ "Challenges and Way Forwards". The Daily Observer (Bangladesh). Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ Helal Uddin Ahmmed, Niaz Morshed; Md. Matiul Hoque Masud, Md Faisal (March 2013). "The Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in Bangladesh: An Overview" (PDF). ResearchGate. Retrieved 12 May 2025.
- ^ "How Sheikh Hasina betrayed the indigenous people of Chittagong Hill Tracts". 24 July 2020. Retrieved 23 September 2024.
- ^ Saimum Parvez, Mohammad Sajjadur Rahman. The Politics of Terrorism and Counterterrorism in Bangladesh. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781000803747.
- ^ Bindu Ranjan, Kashi Nath Jena (2008). Ethnic Unrests and India's Security Concerns (Hardcover). University of Michigan. p. 56. ISBN 9788189886301.