Draft:Side channel pump
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Last edited by Bearcat (talk | contribs) 33 days ago. (Update) |
The Side Channel Pump is a niche product between a Positive Displacement Pump and a Centrifugal Pump
Cutaway model of a Side Channel Pump with NPSH-stage to reduce the holding pressure head
Design and function of a side channel stage
History
[edit]The technical age of this pump principle began at the end of the 19th century. The invention of a water ring pump had the purpose of pumping air, gases and liquids. In the 1920s, this developed into the side channel pump, which is still indispensable today in many areas of application worldwide. SIHI and SERO were the pioneers of the first developments and are still the drivers of innovation for this type of pump today. SIHI applied for a patent for the actual side channel hydraulics in 1949 and received this patent in 1950.
Features
[edit]The special characteristic of the side channel pump:
- it has an automatic suction capacity
- it has the ability to convey gas without damage
- it has its highest power requirement at the lowest flow rate
- the steep Q-H curve of the characteristic curve is particularly suitable for pressure-dependent circuit control
- the narrow gaps do not allow any abrasive components in the pumped liquid
Side channel pumps initiate liquid delivery in the suction process with the automatic evacuation of the suction line, whereby the gas contained in the suction line is extracted and the pumped liquid rises to the pump. It can operate as a liquid ring vacuum pump in the short term and can therefore also be referred to as a rotary positive displacement pump. Similar to the operating principle of the liquid vacuum pump, a displacement effect is generated by a rotating liquid ring in that the remaining residual quantity of liquid (also known as auxiliary liquid) enters and exits the star-shaped impeller and the eccentrically arranged side channel like a piston with each revolution. Due to the centrifugal effect, the liquid collects in the outer area of the side channel and the impeller cells, forming the liquid ring that is important for the suction process. The gas is concentrated in the inner area.
Operation of the side channel pump as a pure vacuum pump is only possible for a limited time, however, because the auxiliary fluid heats up increasingly and would eventually evaporate without cooling.
In addition to its self-priming capability, the side channel pump has the further advantage of being able to pump large gas flows. In process engineering systems, a pump is very often required to at least temporarily convey gases and vapors from the process without interrupting the flow. Normal radial centrifugal pumps are only able to pump a limited amount of gas with the medium. Even with relatively small amounts of gas, these pumps can stop pumping liquids completely.
Even large amounts of gas in the liquid do not bother the side channel pump at all and are pumped without any external auxiliary equipment.
After priming, the flow process automatically changes from displacement to foam-like mixture delivery to pure liquid delivery. When the side channel pump is completely filled with the pumped liquid, it can be regarded as a centrifugal pump.
The special type of flow through the side channel stages with deliberate deflections gives the pumped medium a much higher energy content than is possible with conventional radial impellers. The medium circulates helically many times within the individual vane chambers on its way from the inlet to the outlet of the delivery channel. The pressure build-up results from the sum of the individual pulses during the circulation. This is referred to as an internal multi-stage effect. The five to ten times higher pressure figure can be seen as an enormous advantage over “normal” centrifugal pumps.
The low drive speed of n = 1450/min, made possible by the high pressure figure, further reduces the NPSH value compared to a high-speed pump. The low speed also has the advantage that mechanical loads, partial load behavior, noise behavior are better controlled and the service life is also increased.
The lower the specific speed of a pump, the better its suction capacity and the lower the risk of cavitation. With variable vapor pressure, the side channel pump is considerably less sensitive to cavitation than a radial centrifugal pump.
Application
[edit]The side channel pump is used for small to medium flow rates (Q up to 35 m³/h) and medium to high delivery heads (H up to 400 m).
The pumped medium and the operating conditions determine the choice of materials and seals. The range of materials extends from cast iron to high-alloy stainless steels. Single and double mechanical seals are available for shaft sealing. The pump can be driven completely without a shaft seal with a permanent-magnet synchronous coupling (magnetic drive) or with canned motors.
If a radial impeller stage is connected upstream of the side channel pump, extremely low NPSH values can be achieved. Such multifunctional pumps are particularly suitable for pumping liquids close to the boiling point, such as condensate, liquid gases, hydrocarbons, aerosols or refrigerants.
See also
[edit]Literature
[edit]- Faragallah, W. H. (Publisher); Seitenkanalströmungsmaschinen. Verlag und Bildarchiv W. H. Faragallah, 1992, ISBN 3-929682-01-X
- Faragallah, W. H. (Publisher); Kreiselpumpenkonstruktionen: Stand der Technik und Internet-Hinweise. Verlag und Bildarchiv W. H. Faragallah, 2006, ISBN 3-929682-41-9
- Ignatowitz, Eckhard, Dr.-Ing., Chemietechnik, Verlag Europa-Lehrmittel, 2007, ISBN 978-3-8085-7048-7