Draft:Ying Yu (Han dynasty)
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Ying Yu | |
|---|---|
| 應余 | |
| Officer of Merit (功曹) | |
| In office ?–218 | |
| Monarch | Emperor Xian of Han |
| Chancellor | Cao Cao (from 208) |
| Succeeded by | Zong Ziqing (應倫) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Unknown Nanyang Commandery |
| Died | 218 |
| Occupation | Official |
| Courtesy name | Zizheng (子正) |
Ying Yu (d. 218) courtesy name Zizheng was an official during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China.[1]
Life and career
[edit]Ying Yu was born in Nanyang Commandery, Jing Province. He was said to have a straight stature, great strength, and an innate sense of benevolence and righteousness.[2]
In 218, Ying Yu was serving under Grand Administrator of Nanyang Dongli Gun (東里袞) as an Officer of Merit of the commandery at Wan.[3][4][1] The people of Wan suffered due to forced labour,[5][6] and so in the winter,[a] officers Hou Yin (侯音) and Wei Kai (衛開) were joined by mountain bandits and incited a revolt at Wan.[7][4] They quickly took over the city and captured Dongli Gun, then attempted to call upon Liu Bei's general Guan Yu in the south for support.[8][6][9] Ying Yu was able to rescue Dongli Gun and alone the two were able to slip out of the castle. Upon realizing Dongli Gun's escape, Hou Yin sent out riders that were able to catch up to Dongli Gun and Ying Yu about ten li away from Wan. The riders attempted to shoot Dongli Gun with arrows, but Ying Yu used his body as a shield and he was injured in seven different places. As the rebels proceeded to capture Dongli Gun, Ying Yu persuaded them to not harm Dongli Gun and the rebels indeed followed Ying Yu's words by not binding Dongli Gun. Ying Yu subsequently died from his wounds.[10][4][1]
Dongli Gun was again set free with the help of Ying Yu's successor Zong Ziqing (宗子卿),[4] and joined forces with Cao Ren, who was stationed with an army at Fan castle to defend against incursions by Guan Yu.[9] Cao Ren brought his army upon Wan and after three more months,[b][9] Hou Yin and Wei Kai were defeated and executed.[7][11][4] Cao Ren submitted a memorial to the government detailing Yu's deeds and also conducted sacrificial rites to his ancestors. Hearing of Ying Yu's actions, Cao Cao greatly lamented Ying Yu's death, and later he built a gate at the entrance of Ying Yu's home village in his honour. He further bestowed one thousand bushels of grain to the village.[12][1]
In 258,[c] in an imperial edict, Wei Emperor Cao Mao instructed Minister over the Masses Zheng Chong (鄭沖)[13] to appoint Ying Yu's grandson, Ying Lun (應倫), to a government position to repay Ying Yu's service.[14][1]
Notes
[edit]- ^ This happened in the tenth month of 218 in the Chinese Calendar
- ^ This happened in the first month of 219 in the Chinese Calendar
- ^ This happened on the thirteenth day of the sixth month of 258 in the Chinese Calendar
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e de Crespigny 2007, p. 988.
- ^ 余字子正，天姿方毅，志尚仁義 Chuguo Xianxian Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 4
- ^ 建安二十三年為郡功曹。Chuguo Xianxian Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 4
- ^ a b c d e de Crespigny 2004, p. 528.
- ^ 是時南陽間苦繇役 Cao Man Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 1
- ^ a b de Crespigny 2007, p. 324.
- ^ a b 侯音、衛開等以宛叛，德將所領與曹仁共攻拔宛，斬音、開，遂南屯樊。Sanguozhi vol. 18
- ^ 與吏民共反，與關羽連和。Cao Man Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 1
- ^ a b c de Crespigny 2010, p. 427.
- ^ 余與太守東里衮當擾攘之際、迸竄得出。音即遣騎追逐，去城十里相及，賊便射衮，飛矢交流。余前以身當箭，被七創，因謂追賊曰：「侯音狂狡，造為凶逆，大軍尋至，誅夷在近。謂卿曹本是善人，素無惡心，當思反善，何為受其指揮？我以身代君，已被重創，若身死君全，隕沒無恨。」因仰天號哭泣涕，血淚俱下。賊見其義烈，釋衮不害。賊去之後，余亦命絕。Chuguo Xianxian Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 4
- ^ 音從之，即釋遣太守。子卿因夜踰城亡出，遂與太守收餘民圍音，會曹仁軍至，共滅之。Cao Man Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 1
- ^ 征南將軍曹仁討平音，表余行狀，并脩祭醊。太祖聞之，嗟嘆良乆，下荊州復表門閭，賜穀千斛。Chuguo Xianxian Zhuan annotation in the Sanguozhi vol. 4
- ^ 冬十月，以司空鄭沖為司徒，尚書左僕射盧毓為司空。Sanguozhi vol. 4
- ^ 六月丙子，詔曰：「昔南陽郡山賊擾攘，欲劫質故太守東里衮，功曹應余獨身捍衮，遂免於難。余顛沛殞斃，殺身濟君。其下司徒，署余孫倫吏，使蒙伏節之報。」 Sanguozhi vol. 4
- Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
- Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu)
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD). Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 9789004156050.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2004). To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD (internet ed.). Australian National University. ISBN 978-0-7315-2537-9.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2010). Imperial Warlord. A Biography of Cao Cao 155-220 AD. Leiden, Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-18830-3.