European brown hare syndrome

European brown hare syndrome (EBHS) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects hares and some cottontail rabbits, though it is most frequently found in the European hare (Lepus europaeus).^[1] It is caused by the lagovirus known as European brown hare syndrome virus.^[2]

The disease manifests clinically as liver damage,^[3] but most hares that contract the virus die within 2-7 days before clinical signs are visible, following a period of anorexia and depression.^[4]

Discovery

European brown hare syndrome virus was first described in the 1980s and was noted as closely related to rabbit hemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus, another calcivirus that causes severe viral hepatitis in European rabbits. A variant of the RHD virus, termed RHDV2, was discovered in the early 2010s that affects both the European rabbit and the European hare.^[5]

References

^ Drews, Barbara; Szentiks, Claudia A.; Roellig, Kathleen; Fickel, Joerns; Schroeder, Katharina; Duff, J. Paul; Lavazza, Antonio; Hildebrandt, Thomas B.; Goeritz, Frank (December 2011). "Epidemiology, control and management of an EBHS outbreak in captive hares". Veterinary Microbiology. 154 (1–2): 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.021.
^ Perera, Krishani Dinali; Johnson, David; Lovell, Scott; Groutas, William C.; Chang, Kyeong-Ok; Kim, Yunjeong. "Potent Protease Inhibitors of Highly Pathogenic Lagoviruses: Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus". Microbiology Spectrum. 10 (4): e00142–22. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00142-22. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9430360. PMID 35766511.
^ Najt, David; Lány, Petr; Treml, František; Jurčík, Rastislav; Sládeček, Tomáš; Salaj, Juraj; Supuka, Peter; Zákutná, Ľubica; Ondrejková, Anna; Korytár, Ľuboš (2024-04-30). "Lagoviruses in European brown hares, first serologic evidence for RHDVa". Biologia. 79 (7): 2157–2162. doi:10.1007/s11756-024-01694-6. ISSN 1336-9563.
^ "European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus" (PDF). World Organisation for Animal Health. 2021.
^ Hackländer, Klaus (2023), Hackländer, Klaus; Alves, Paulo C. (eds.), "European Hare Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778", Primates and Lagomorpha, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 131–166, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34043-8_9, ISBN 978-3-030-34042-1, retrieved 2025-01-27

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[1] Drews, Barbara; Szentiks, Claudia A.; Roellig, Kathleen; Fickel, Joerns; Schroeder, Katharina; Duff, J. Paul; Lavazza, Antonio; Hildebrandt, Thomas B.; Goeritz, Frank (December 2011). "Epidemiology, control and management of an EBHS outbreak in captive hares". Veterinary Microbiology. 154 (1–2): 37–48. doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.06.021.

[2] Perera, Krishani Dinali; Johnson, David; Lovell, Scott; Groutas, William C.; Chang, Kyeong-Ok; Kim, Yunjeong. "Potent Protease Inhibitors of Highly Pathogenic Lagoviruses: Rabbit Hemorrhagic Disease Virus and European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus". Microbiology Spectrum. 10 (4): e00142–22. doi:10.1128/spectrum.00142-22. ISSN 2165-0497. PMC 9430360. PMID 35766511.

[3] Najt, David; Lány, Petr; Treml, František; Jurčík, Rastislav; Sládeček, Tomáš; Salaj, Juraj; Supuka, Peter; Zákutná, Ľubica; Ondrejková, Anna; Korytár, Ľuboš (2024-04-30). "Lagoviruses in European brown hares, first serologic evidence for RHDVa". Biologia. 79 (7): 2157–2162. doi:10.1007/s11756-024-01694-6. ISSN 1336-9563.

[4] "European Brown Hare Syndrome Virus" (PDF). World Organisation for Animal Health. 2021.

[5] Hackländer, Klaus (2023), Hackländer, Klaus; Alves, Paulo C. (eds.), "European Hare Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778", Primates and Lagomorpha, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 131–166, doi:10.1007/978-3-030-34043-8_9, ISBN 978-3-030-34042-1, retrieved 2025-01-27

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