The Sejm of the Republic of Poland of the First Term (Polish: Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej I kadencji was active from 25 November 1991 to 31 May 1993. It was formed following the 1991 Polish parliamentary election.
The Sejm, elected in the first fully democratic elections following the demise of the Polish People's Republic and the creation of the Third Republic of Poland, held in October 1991, proved unstable. Establishing a lasting parliamentary and government majority from among ten entities with at least fifteen-person representation turned to be a complex task. Bronisław Geremek, designated prime minister, and one of the leaders of the winning grouping – the Democratic Union, found out about this right after the elections.[1] His mission to create a government based on broadly understood "middle parties" – from the Democratic Union, through the Liberal Democratic Congress, to the Centre Agreement – ended in failure. After this event, the initiative was taken over by the centre-right with a Solidarity-independence background. However, their joint effort only led to the isolation of the post-communist representation (the Democratic Left Alliance). It was unable to reach an agreement on the appointment of a prime minister and government accepted by all with a permanent parliamentary base. The government of Jan Olszewski, formed with the support of the Centre Agreement, the Christian National Union, the People's Agreement, the Labour Solidarity, the Christian Democracy, the Christian Democratic Party, the NSZZ "Solidarność" and the Polish People's Party, in December 1991 received 235 votes at the start, but it soon turned out that it could actually count on a hundred and a dozen or so certain mandates.[2]
In view of the growing disputes, both internal and external (including with President Lech Wałęsa) in the context of the policy pursued, aimed at departing from the Round Table Agreement (vetting, decommunization) and the Balcerowicz Plan), on 4 June 1992, at the request of President Wałęsa, Olszewski's cabinet was dismissed. In his place, a broad coalition – from the Democratic Union, the Liberal Democratic Congress, the Polish Economic Program, the Confederation of Independent Poland to the Polish People's Party and the Democratic Left Alliance – proposed the leader of the People's Party, Waldemar Pawlak, as prime minister.[3] However, after a month, his mission ended in failure. The leaders of the centrist and some right-wing parties of Solidarity origin returned to talks on selecting a new majority. As a result, in July 1992, the cabinet of Hanna Suchocka was formed, with the participation of politicians from the centre (the Democratic Union, the Liberal Democratic Congress, the Polish Economic Program) and the right (the Christian National Union, the People's Agreement, the Christian People's Party).[4] In the long run, however, both the cabinet and its supporters proved to be incoherent and without a lasting majority, but with an active opposition on the centre-left (Democratic Left Alliance, Polish People's Party) and centre-right (Centre Agreement, Movement for the Republic, Confederation of Independent Poland). At the end of May 1993, the Sejm, at the request of NSZZ "Solidarność", passed by a single vote, a vote of no confidence in the government. President Lech Wałęsa did not accept his resignation and dissolved the parliament, setting the date for early elections to the Sejm and Senate for September.[5]
^Sejm Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej I kadencja – Informacje o pracy w pierwszym roku kadencji (od 25 listopada 1991 do 30 listopada 1992) (in Polish). Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Sejmowe. 1992.
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