Flora of the Philippines
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The flora of the Philippines boasts a diverse array of plant species given its location in the great Malaysian flora. The Malaysian Phytogeographic zone is considered to be one of the most important centers for plant diversity because of the multitude and variance of species occupying that zone.[1] The archipelago is isolated by a continental and deep ocean.[2]
At the very least, one-third of the more than 9,250 vascular plant species native to the country are endemic.[3] There are, however, no plant families endemic to the country.[4] The families of gingers, begonias, gesneriads, orchids, pandans, palms, and dipterocarps are particularly high in endemic species. For example, two-thirds of the 150 species of palms present in the country are found nowhere else in the world. There are over 137 genera and about 998 species of orchids so far recorded in the Philippines as of 2007.[5]
The broad lowland and hill rain forests of the Philippines, which are mostly gone today,[6] were dominated by at least 45 species of dipterocarps. These massive trees were abundant to up to 1,000 meters above sea level. Considering the dipterocarps originated in India and Malaysia, the existence of the trees in the archipelago demonstrates a connection between the Philippines and western Malaysia.[7] Other important tree species here include giant figs, which provide food for fruit bats, parrots, and monkeys, and Pterocarpus indicus, which like the dipterocarps, is valued for its timber.
Due to environmental changes, finding new species has become more urgent so the island can have an accurate reading of flora and fauna record.[8]
A few species of Rafflesia are found in the Philippines,[9] one of them being Rafflesia philippensis.[10]
List
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- Abaca – Musa textilis
- Acacia (Rain tree) - Samanea saman
- Adelfa - Nerium oleander
- Agoho - Casuarina equisetifolia
- Akle - Albizia acle
- Akleng parang - Albizia procera
- Alagao - Premma odorata
- Albutra - Arcangelesia flava
- Alugbati - Basella alba
- Almaciga – Agathis philippinensis
- Almon -
- Amargoso - Momordica charantia
- Amorseco - Andropogon aciculatus
- Amuyong - Goniothalamus amoyon
- Anahaw - Livistona rotundifolia
- Antipolo - Artocarpus blancoi
- Anubing - Artocarpua communis
- Api-api - Avicennia alba
- Apitong - Dipterocarpus grandiflorus
- Aratiles - Mutingia calabura
- Arbor vitae - Thuja occidentalis
- Atis – Annona squamosa
- Avocado - Persea americana
- Ayangile – Acacia confusa
- Baby's breath - Muscari armeniacum
- Bagtikan - Parashorea malaanonan
- Baho-baho - Lantana camara
- Bakauan(babae) -
- Bakauan(lalaki) - Rhizophora apiculata
- Balete - Ficus balete
- Balinghasai - Buchanania arborescens
- Balitbitan - Cynometra ramiflora
- Balsa - Ochroma pyramidale
- Banaba – Lagerstroemia speciosa
- Banana - Musa spp.
- Bani - Pongamia pinnata
- Bantigue - Pemphis acidula
- Batino - Alstonia macrophylla
- Batwan - Garcinia binucao
- Bayag-usa - Voacanga globosa
- Bignai - Antidesma bunius
- Binunga - Macaranga tanarius
- Black pepper - Piper nigrum
- Bottlebrush -
- Breadfruit – Artocarpus altilis
- Bagawak - Clerodendum quadriloculare
- Banai-banai - Radermachera pinnata
- Bunga - Araca catechu
- Caballero - Caesalpinia pulcherrima
- Cacao - Theobroma cacao
- Caimito - Chrysophyllum cainito
- Calabaza - Cucurbita maxima
- Calachuchi – Plumeria obtusa
- Calamansi - Citrofortunella microcarpa
- Camote - Ipomea batatas
- Carabao grass - Paspalum conjugatum
- Cassava - Manihot esculenta
- Chico - Achras zapota
- Comfrey - Symphytum officinalis
- Dama de Noche – Cestrum nocturnum
- Dampalit - Sesuvium portulacastrum
- Dapdap - Erythrina variegata
- Dao - Dracontomelon dao
- Dilaw - Cucurma longa
- Donya aurora - Mussaenda philippica
- Duhat - Syzygium cumini
- Duguan -
- Fire Tree - Delonix regia
- Ginger - Zingiber officinale
- Golden shower - Cassia fistula
- Gugu - Entada phaseoloides
- Guava - Psidium guajava
- Gumamela – Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
- Guyabano – Annona muricata
- Hagakhak - Dipterocarpus validus
- Hagimit - Ficus minahassae
- Hagonoy - Chromolaena odorata
- Hog plum - Spondias pinnata
- Igem - Podocarpus costalis
- Ipil - Intsia bijuga
- Ipil-ipil - Leucaena leucocephala
- Kadios - Cajanus cajan
- Kalios - Streblus asper
- Kakauate - Glericidia sepium
- Kamias - Averrhoa bilimbi
- Katakataka - Kalanchoe pinnata
- Katmon - Dillenia philippinensis
- Kalamansanay - Terminalia calamansanai
- Kalamansi - Citrus x microcarpa
- Kalimatas - Phaeanthus ebracteolatus
- Kalumpit - Terminalia microcarpa
- Kamagong – Diospyros blancoi
- Kamantigi - Impatiens balsamina
- Kamantigi-gubat - Impatiens platypetala
- Kamatsile - Pithecellobium dulce
- Kamuning - Murraya paniculata
- Kaong - Arenga pinnata
- Kawayang tinik - Bambusa spinosa
- Kulitis - Amarantus spinosus
- Lagundi - Vitex negundo
- Langka – Artocarpus heterophylla
- Lamio - Dracontomelon edule
- Lanete - Wrightia pubescens
- Lanzones – Lansium parasiticum
- Lasong-kainan - Blighia sapida
- Lauan(Red) - Shorea negrosensis
- Lauan(White) - Shorea contorta
- Lila-lilahan - Hibiscus radiatus
- Lipang kalabaw - Dendrocnide meyeniana
- Lirio - Crinum latifolium
- Lupo-lupo - Achyranthes aspera
- Luya-luyahan - Curcuma zeodaria
- Magabuyo - Celtis luzonica
- Makahiya - Mimosa pudica
- Makaasim - Syzygium nitidum
- Makopa - Syzygium malaccense
- Malabulak - Bombax ceiba
- Malakamantigi - Impatiens walleriana
- Malanangka - Parartocarpus venonosus
- Malapapaya - Polycias nodosa
- Malapaputok - Crossandra infundibuliformis
- Malunggay - Moringa oleifera
- Mahogany - Swietenia macrophylla
- Makopa – Syzygium samarangense
- Mamalis - Pittosporum pentandrum
- Mangga – Mangifera indica
- Mangkuno - Xanthostemon verdugonianus
- Marang - Artocarpus odoratissimus
- Marigold - Tagetes erecta
- Mayapis - Shorea palosapis
- Molave – Vitex parviflora
- Mollucan sau - Albizzia falcataria
- Narra – Philippine cedar; Pterocarpus indicus
- Niyog – Cocos nucifera
- Niyog-niyogan - Ficus psedopalma
- Nipa – Nypa fruticans
- Oliva - Cycas revoluta
- Orchid – Phalaenopsis hieroglyphica
- Pagatpat - Sonnetria alba
- Pagsangihin - Canarium luzonicum
- Pagsahingin-bulog - Canarium asperum
- Pakpak lawin - Aglaormorpha quercifolia
- Palawan cherry - Cassia nodosa
- Paliparang-upo- Alsomitra macrocarpa
- Pandan - Pandanus amaryllifolius
- Pansit-pansitan - Pepperomia pellucida
- Pineapple – Ananas comosus
- Philippine Lily – Lilium philippinense
- Pili - Canarium ovatum
- Piling liitan - Canarium luzonicum
- Pitogo - Cycas riuminiana
- Pomelo – Citrus maxima
- Pukingang-kahoi - Clitoria racemosa
- Rafflesia - Rafflesia arnoldii
- Rattan – Calamus
- Rice - Oryza sativa
- Rimas - Artocarpus altilis
- Sampaguita – Jasminum sambac
- Sampaloc - Tamarindus indica
- Santan – Ixora coccinea
- Siniguelas - Spondeas purporea
- Sugarcane - Saccharum officinarum
- Sweet potato - Ipomea batatas
- Tagpo - Ardisia squamolusa
- Talisai - Terminalia catppa
- Talong punay – Datura metel
- Taluto - Pterocymbium tinctorium
- Tambis - Syzygium aqueum
- Tangisang bayawak -
- Tanguile - Shorea polysperma
- Tayabak – Strongylodon macrobotrys
- Tiesa - Pouteria campechiana
- Tobacco - Nicotiana tabacum
- Trompeta - Brugmansia suaveolens, Brugmansia arborea
- Tuba-tuba – Jatropha curcas
- Tugabang - Corchorus olitorius
- Ube – Dioscorea alata
- Waling-waling – Euanthe sanderiana
- Yabnob -
- Yakal – Shorea astylosa
- Ylang-ylang – Cananga odorata
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Stuessy, Tod F.; Sohmer, S. H. (1996). Sampling the Green World: Innovative Concepts of Collection, Preservation, and Storage of Plant Diversity. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-10136-3.
- ^ Jones, Andrew W.; Kennedy, Robert S. (2008-10-30). "Evolution in a tropical archipelago: comparative phylogeography of Philippine fauna and flora reveals complex patterns of colonization and diversification: PHILIPPINE EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 95 (3): 620–639. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.2008.01073.x. S2CID 83860043.
- ^ Das, Indraneil; Tuen, Andrew Alek, eds. (2016). Naturalists, Explorers and Field Scientists in South-East Asia and Australasia. Springer. p. 243. ISBN 978-3-319-26161-4.
- ^ "Philippines - Species | CEPF". www.cepf.net. Retrieved 2024-06-13.
- ^ Agoo, Esperanza Maribel G. (2007). "Status of Orchid Taxonomy Research in the Philippines" (PDF). Philippine Journal of Systematic Biology. 1. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ Langenberger, Gerhard; Martin, Konrad; Sauerborn, Joachim (April 2006). "Vascular Plant Species Inventory of a Philippine Lowland Rain Forest and its Conservation Value". Biodiversity and Conservation. 15 (4): 1271–1301. doi:10.1007/s10531-005-2576-4. ISSN 0960-3115. S2CID 24311228.
- ^ Charles C, Adams (1925). Significance of the Flora of the Philippines. American Geographical Society, Wiley. pp. 163–165.
- ^ Yeo, Darren; Cumberlidge, Neil; Klaus, Sebastian, eds. (2014-01-01), "A new species of Isolapotamon Bott, 1968 (Decapoda, Brachyura, Potamidae) from Mindanao, with notes on the Philippine Isolapotamon species", Advances in Freshwater Decapod Systematics and Biology, BRILL, pp. 135–159, doi:10.1163/9789004207615_009, ISBN 978-90-04-20761-5, retrieved 2021-12-06
- ^ Wikramanayake, Eric D.; et al. (2002). Terrestrial Ecoregions of the Indo-Pacific: A Conservation Assessment. Washington: Island Press. p. 146. ISBN 1-55963-923-7.
- ^ Barcelona, J. F.; Pelser, P. B.; Balete, D. S.; Co, L. L. (2009). "Taxonomy, Ecology, and Conservation Status of Philippine Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)" (PDF). Blumea. 54 (1): 77–93. doi:10.3767/000651909X474122.
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