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Gentiana froelichii

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Gentiana froelichii
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Gentianaceae
Genus: Gentiana
Species:
G. froelichii
Binomial name
Gentiana froelichii
Rchb., 1832[1]
Subspecies[2]
  • Gentiana froelichii froelichii
  • Gentiana froelichii zenariae
Synonyms[3]
  • Favargera froelichii (Jan) Á.Löve & D.Löve
  • Gentiana carnica Welw. ex Rchb.
  • Gentiana hladnikiana Host ex W.D.J.Koch

Gentiana froelichii, commonly known as the Karawanken gentian,[4] is an endemic hemicryptophyte[5] and perennial[6] plant species in the family Gentianaceae,[7] which occurs in southeastern Alps (also called Southern Limestone Alps).[4][8][3] It can be found in Austria and Slovenia, with a few reported occurrences happening in Italy.[2][9]

Species

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Gentiana froelichii was described by German botanist Heinrich Gottlieb Ludwig Reichenbach[4] in his work Fl. Germ. Excurs. from 1832.[2][1] The species' name is dedicated to German doctor, entomologist and botanist Josef Aloys Frölich, who lived between 1766 and 1841, and is an author of a monograph from 1796 dealing with genus Gentiana.[9] There are two reported plant subspecies; Gentiana froelichii subsp. froelichii and Gentiana froelichii subsp. zenariae.[2][9]

Description

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The species appearance is similar to that of related Gentiana clusii[10] and Gentiana frigida[11] species. The plant reaches from 5 to 10 cm of height.[12] Linear to oblanceolate gutter-like leaves are arranged into a rosette. There are only a few stem leaves (usually one or two pairs[5]),[10] which are also visibly smaller.[12] The plant's characteristic are many non-flowering shoots growing nearby a flowering shoot.[10]

A flowering shoot has one, or less often two, flowers.[5] This low growing plant's petals are bright blue[10][12] to violet[12] and its corolla lobes are not spread out like in many other Gentiana species (instead they are set upright).[10] The corolla measures from 3 to 4 cm,[10][12] with a conical corolla tube. The calyx is bell-like, with long, straight, and sharpened calyx teeth. The anthers are fused together right next to the style. The plant's stigma is lobate, its lobes being linear to oblanceolate.[10] The gentian's flowering period is between August and September.[10][13]

Conservation and distribution

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Gentiana froelichii has not yet been studied for the IUCN Red List.[14] It is thought the species is potentially threatened.[12]

In Slovenia and Austria it can be found as an endemic plant in eastern Karawanks and Kamnik–Savinja Alps. Gentiana froelichii also grows elsewhere; different subspecies occurs in Italian Julian Alps and Carnic Alps.[14] The plant grows beyond the tree line; its usual habitat consists of stony meadows and rock crevices, located in alpine zone.[10]

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References

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  1. ^ a b "The Euro+Med Plantbase Project". ww2.bgbm.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  2. ^ a b c d "Gentiana froelichii Jan ex Rchb". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  3. ^ a b "Gentiana froelichii Jan ex Rchb. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  4. ^ a b c "Gentiana froelichii (GETFO)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database". gd.eppo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  5. ^ a b c "Karawanken-Enzian Gentiana froelichii Beschreibung Steckbrief Systematik". www.pflanzen-deutschland.de (in German). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  6. ^ "Gentiana froelichii". www.harriedevries.nl. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  7. ^ "Froelichov svišč (Gentiana froelichii ssp. froelichii) – Slovenska flora" (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  8. ^ "Gentiana froelichii | /RHS Gardening". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  9. ^ a b c "Scheda IPFI, Acta Plantarum Gentiana_froelichii". www.actaplantarum.org. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Svišč ali po domače encijan (Gentiana)". Gore Ljudje (in Slovenian). Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  11. ^ "Gentiana froelichii". Alpine Garden Society. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  12. ^ a b c d e f "Gentiana froelichii". flora.nhm-wien.ac.at. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  13. ^ "Gentiana froelichii". sloveniahiking.rocks. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
  14. ^ a b "Gentiana froelichii - Jan ex Rchb". eunis.eea.europa.eu. Retrieved 2021-08-19.
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