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Imamzadeh

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For places in Iran, see Emamzadeh.

An imamzadeh (Persian: امامزاده, romanized: emāmzādeh, lit. 'Imam descendant') is a Persian term with two related meanings: a type of holy person in Shia Islam, and the shrine-tomb of such a person.

Descendant

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An imamzadeh is an immediate descendant of a Shi'i Imam. The term is also used in Urdu and Azeri. Imamzadeh means "offspring" or descendant of an imam. There are many different ways of spelling the word in English,[1]: 136  such as imamzada, imamzadah and emamzadah.[2][3] Imamzadeh are basically the Syed's or Syeda's as they have descended from the Imams.[citation needed] Imamzadehs are also sayyids, though not all sayyids are considered imamzadehs.[3]

There are many important imamzadehs. Two of these are Fātimah bint Mūsā, the sister of Imam Ali al-Ridha, the eighth Twelver Imam, and Zaynab bint Ali, daughter of Ali, considered by Shi'i Muslims to be the first Imam and by Sunni Muslims as the fourth Rashid. Imamzadehs are not traditionally women.[3]

Shrine tomb

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Imamzadeh is also a term for a shrine-tomb of the descendants of Imams, who are directly related to Muhammad.[1]: 136  The shrines are only for the descendants of Imams and they are not for the Imams themselves.[3] The shrine-tombs are used as centers of Shi'i devotion and pilgrimage. They are believed to have miraculous properties and the ability to heal.[1]: 185  Many of them are located in Iraq, Medina (Saudi Arabia), India and Iran.

A Mullah praying in Imāmzādeh Sayyid Hamzah, Tabriz
The interiors of many Imamzadehs are covered with mirrors to create a brilliant display of light.
Imamzadeh in Ganja, Azerbaijan

Many people visit nearby imamzadehs, and there are specific ziyarat-namas (pilgrimages) dedicated to many of them. Some of these pilgrimages are held annually during particular times of the year[3] However, not all imamzadehs are equally well-maintained; some are in better condition than others. According to Reinisch, one imamzadeh he visited was in ruins, yet it remains an important site[4]

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The Imamzadehs were so influential that some cities or parts of cities are named after the Imamzadehs who are buried there, for example, Torbat-e Heydarieh, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh in Gilan, Astaneh near Arak, and Shahreza.[5]

Notable shrine-tombs

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Main page: List of imamzadeh shrine-tombs

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Esposito, John L., ed. (2003). The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ Glasse, Cyril, ed. (2001). The Concise Encyclopedia of Islam (Revised ed.). London: Stacey International. p. 213.
  3. ^ a b c d e Lambton, A.K.S. (2010). "Imamzada". In Bearman, P.; Bianquis, Th.; Bosworth, C.E.; Van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P. (eds.). Encyclopedia of Islam (2nd ed.). Augustana: Brill. Retrieved 6 April 2010.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ Reinisch, Leo (1897). "Egypt and Abyssinia". The Geographical Journal. 9 (3): 314–318. doi:10.2307/1774943. ISSN 0016-7398.
  5. ^ "Loving Imomzadeh". farhangi.tums.ac.ir.
  6. ^ Iran. Lonely Planet. 2013. p. 211. ISBN 978-8-8663-9974-2.
  7. ^ Dark, Nic. "Ali Ebn-e Hamze Mosque-Travel to Iran". Iran Tourism Center. Archived from the original on 16 November 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
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