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Iris darwasica

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Iris darwasica
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Iridaceae
Genus: Iris
Subgenus: Iris subg. Iris
Section: Iris sect. Regelia
Species:
I. darwasica
Binomial name
Iris darwasica
Synonyms[1]
  • Iris suworowii Regel

Iris darwasica is a plant species in the genus Iris, it is also in the subgenus Iris and in the section Regelia. It is a rhizomatous perennial, from Tajikistan and northern Afghanistan. It has long and thin glaucous to grey-green leaves, slender stem and greenish cream or greenish yellow, to dark purple or lilac flowers.

Description

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It can be separated in form from Iris korolkowii (another Regelia iris) by the flowers having rounded ends to the longer falls and standards and it also has wider leaves.[2]

It has a short and slender rhizome.[2][3][4][5][6] The top of the rhizome has the fibrous remains of last seasons leaves.[2][5] It has a creeping habit,[3][5][6] which can form large clumps of plants.[2]

It has glaucous,[3] or bluish green,[4] or grey-green leaves,[7] that are generally linear or ensiform (sword shaped).[2][5][6][7] Although the outer leaves can be falcate (sickle-shaped).[2][3] They can grow up to between 15 and 40 cm (6 and 16 in) long,[4] and between 0.4 and 1 cm wide.[2][3][5][6][7] The foliage dies back after flowering and becomes dormant during the summer.[4][8]

It has a slender stem, that can grow up to between 15 and 40 cm (6 and 16 in) tall.[2][3][5][6][9][10][11]

The stems hold 2 to 3 terminal (top of stem) flowers.[2][4][6][9][10]

The stems also have 2 or 3 spathes (leaves of the flower bud), which are keeled,[2] green, oblong or lanceolate (shaped) and 6.3 cm (2 in) long.[3][5]

The fragrant,[4] flowers bloom in spring,[7] between April and May (in Europe and the UK),[2][4] but in June (in Russia).[5] and are 5–6 cm (2–2 in) in diameter,[2][4][7] they come in shades of greenish cream,[4][8][9][11] or greenish yellow,[2][3][5][6] to dark purple,[4] or lilac.[3][7][11]

Iris darwasica is the first of the Regelia section irises to flower.[9]

It has 2 pairs of petals, 3 large sepals (outer petals), known as the 'falls' and 3 inner, smaller petals (or tepals), known as the 'standards'.[12] The obovate or linear,[5] falls are 7 cm (3 in) long and 2.7 cm wide,[2] they are veined with purple,[3][7][8][11] or raspberry red,[5][6] or brown-red.[2][9] In the centre, it has a purple,[4][8] or bluish beard.[3][5][9][10] The standards are similar in size and shape to the falls.[2][5][6] they also have a dark beards.[2]

It has a green, cylindrical perianth tube, which is as long as the ovary.[3][5]

It also has a yellowish green style, which has small narrow, crests[2] and is 2.3 cm long.[3]

It has linear anthers which are 1.27 cm (half an inch) long.[3]

After the iris has flowered, it produces a seed capsule and seeds which have not yet been described.

Biochemistry

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As most irises are diploid, having two sets of chromosomes, this can be used to identify hybrids and classification of groupings.[12] It has a chromosome count: 2n=22.[4][8][11]

Taxonomy

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It is sometimes known as the Darwas Iris,[3] or Davraz Iris,[13] or 'Darvas Iris',[14] It is known as 'Iris Darvasky' in Russia.[15]

The Latin specific epithet darwasica refers to Darvaz mountains (between Tajikistan and Afghanistan), where the iris is found.[2][9]

It was first published and described by Eduard August von Regel in 'Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada' Vol.8 Issue 679 in 1884.[3][5][16][17]

It was described from specimens found in Turkestan,[3] on 'Mount Ala-kisryak', east of the Lulyab mountains.[5]

Iris Suworowi was also published and described by Regel in ' Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada Vol.9 page619 in 1886.[3][5][18] This was later re-classified as a synonym of Iris darwasica.[1]

It was once thought that Iris lineata, was a form of Iris darwasica.[3][4]

It was verified by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 2 October 2014.[17]

Iris darwasica is an accepted name by the RHS.[19]

Distribution and habitat

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It is native to temperate central Asia.[5][17][19]

Range

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It is found in the former region of USSR,[2][7][8][11] (of Turkestan),[9][10] now known as Tajikistan, and also in northern Afghanistan.[2][4][5][6][8][11][17]

Habitat

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It grows on the sunny, rocky, open mountain slopes.[2][4][8]

They can be found at altitudes of between 700 to 1,200 m (2,300 to 3,900 ft) and 2,000 to 2,600 m (6,600 to 8,500 ft) above sea level.[2][14]

Conservation

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It is listed as 'endangered',[8] in the 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants.[20][21] It is still listed on the current Red List.[22]

In 2012, it was listed as 'Davraz iris' in the Red Data book of Tajikistan,[13][23] as a 'declining' species.[14]

It is endangered due to the effects of collecting flowers and economic activity in Tajikistan.[21]

It has been found within the 'Childukhtaron Nature Reserve' in the Darvaz Mountains, the reserve is 270 km south east of Dushanbe,(the capital city of Tajikistan).[13]

Cultivation

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It is hardy to European Zone H3,[7] between USDA Zone 5 and Zone 6.[24] Within the UK, it may be possible to grow the iris within a plant frame.[2]

It prefers to grow in well drained, sunny situations.[24]

It is best planted in October.[9]

It is rare and been in cultivation.[2][8]

A specimen was tested for hardiness at Leningrad Botanical Garden in Russia.[5]

Culture

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On 3 April 1998, a postage stamp of Tajikistan was issued with an illustration of the iris.[25] It was part of a series of 4 plant illustrations.[26]

References

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  1. ^ a b "Iris darwasica Regel is an accepted name". theplantlist.org (The Plant List). 23 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y British Iris Society (1997) A Guide to Species Irises: Their Identification and Cultivation, p. 92, at Google Books
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Pries, Bob (2 January 2015). "(SPEC) Iris darwasica Regel". wiki.irises.org (American Iris Society). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o "Chapitre I (partie 8) Les Regelia". irisbotanique.over-blog.com. Archived from the original on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Komarov, V.L. (1935). "Akademiya Nauk SSSR (FLORA of the U.S.S.R.) Vol. IV". Retrieved 9 October 2014.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Iris darwasica". plantae.se. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) The European Garden Flora Flowering Plants: A Manual for the Identification (2011) , p. 343, at Google Books
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Dominguez, Rafa Diez (27 April 2006). "Iris darwasica". signa.org (Species Iris Group of North America). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i Dykes, William (2009). "Handbook of Garden Irises" (PDF). beardlessiris.org (The Group for Beardless Irises). Retrieved 1 November 2014.
  10. ^ a b c d Cassidy, George E.; Linnegar, Sidney (1987). Growing Irises (Revised ed.). Bromley: Christopher Helm. p. 124. ISBN 0-88192-089-4.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g "Iris summary" (PDF). pacificbulbsociety.org. 14 April 2014. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  12. ^ a b Austin, Claire (2005). Irises; A Garden Encyclopedia. Timber Press. ISBN 0881927309.
  13. ^ a b c Tom, Suzanne (April 2012). "Conservation News, First survey of threatened trees in Childukhtaron Sanctuary, Tajikistan". Oryx. 46 (2). Fauna & Flora International: 169. doi:10.1017/S0030605312000415.
  14. ^ a b c Idrisova, Anastasiya (2010). "Climate change impact on biodiversity and its implications for protected areas management: Case study of Dashtidjum Zakaznik, Tajikistan. Master of Science thesis, Central European University, Budapest" (PDF). etd.ceu.hu. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  15. ^ "Iris darwasica Regel". plantarium.ru. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  16. ^ "Iridaceae Iris darwasica Regel". ipni.org (International Plant Names Index). Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  17. ^ a b c d "Iris darwasica". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 21 May 2015.
  18. ^ "Iris suworowii Regel is a synonym of Iris darwasica Regel". theplantlist.org. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  19. ^ a b "Iris darwasica". www.rhs.org.uk. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  20. ^ Kerry Scott Walter, Harriet J. Gillett and World Conservation Monitoring Centre 1997 IUCN Red List of Threatened Plants, p. 679, at Google Books
  21. ^ a b N. Kharin Vegetation Degradation in Central Asia under the Impact of Human Activities, p. 98, at Google Books
  22. ^ Glavcheva, Valentina. "Action Plan On Conservation And Sustainable Use Of Biodiversity" (PDF). cdb.int. Retrieved 30 May 2015.
  23. ^ Rahmonov, Oimahmad; Michalski, Grzegorz; Rzętała, Mariusz (2003). "Geographical Information Systems – Interdisciplinary Aspects University of Silesia – GIS Forum – SILGIS Association, Sosnowiec" (PDF). gis.us.edu.pl. Retrieved 30 May 2015.[permanent dead link]
  24. ^ a b "Russian Ornamental". efloras.org (Ornamental Plants from Russia). Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  25. ^ "Iris darwasica flowers of Taxhikistan". colnect.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  26. ^ "1998, Flowers 4v". postbeeld.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.

Sources

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  • Czerepanov, S. K. 1995. Vascular plants of Russia and adjacent states (the former USSR).
  • Khassanov, F. O. & N. Rakhimova. 2012. Taxonomic revision of the genus Iris L. (Iridaceae Juss.) for the flora of Central Asia. Stapfia 97:175.
  • Komarov, V. L. et al., eds. 1934–1964. Flora SSSR. [lists as I. darvasica Regel].
  • Mathew, B. 1981. The Iris. 62.
  • Rechinger, K. H., ed. 1963–. Flora iranica.
[edit]

Data related to Iris darwasica at Wikispecies


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