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Khomeini family

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Khomeini family
خاندان خمینی

Khomeinis
Earlier spellingsNishapuri
Hindi
Musawi
Founded1834; 190 years ago (1834) in Khomeyn
FounderAhmad Hindi
Current headHassan Khomeini
HeirloomsMausoleum of Khomeini

The Khomeini family (Persian: خاندان خمینی, romanized: Khumaynī, IPA: [xomejˈniː]), also transliterated as Khomeyni, is an Iranian religious Shia family that migrated from Nishapur, to Awadh in the 18th-century, and then finally settling in Khomeyn in the early 19th-century.[1][2][3][4][5][6] They claim descent from the seventh Shiite Imam, Musa al-Kadhim, and hence are a Musawi family.[7]

History and lineage

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The family did not hold a specific surname before 1921, they would normally go by Hindi, which meant "from India", since their grandfather had migrated from there. However, after the 1921 Persian coup d'état, when Reza Shah passed a law ordering all Iranians to take a surname; Ruhullah chose for himself the surname Khomeini (from Khomeyn), whilst his brother Morteza chose Pasandideh (transl. Pleasant), and Nur al-Din chose Hindi.[8]

The lineage of the Khomeini family is as follows:[9]

Ruhullah bin Mustafa bin Ahmad bin Dīn Ali Shah bin Safdar bin Amīr al-Dīn bin Ḥasan bin Yaḥya bin ʿAbd al-Hadī bin Nowrooz bin Ḥasan bin ʿAbd al-Ghanī bin Muḥammad bin Ḥaydar bin Ḥamza bin Musa al-Kāzim bin Jaʿfar as-Sādiq bin Muḥammad al-Bāqir bin ʿAli al-Sajjad bin Ḥusayn al-Shahid bin ʿAli Ibna Abi Talib.

Notable members

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First generation

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  • Ahmad Hindi (1800-1869) was the son of Din Ali Shah and great-great grandson of Zayn al-'Abidin al-Musavi, he was an alim. He left India, escaping colonial rule in 1830, migrating to Najaf, and then finally settling in Khomeyn in 1834.

Second generation

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  • Mustafa Musawi (1862–1903) was the son of Ahmad Hindi, he was a cleric, and was killed months after the birth of his son Ruhollah, over his activism targeting wealthy landowners.[10]

Third generation

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  • Morteza Pasandideh (1893–1996) [11]was the son of Mustafa Musawi, he was a scholar and poet.
  • Nur al-Din Hindi (1898–1986) was the son of Mustafa Musawi, he was an alim and lead the prayers in the Abbas shrine. He is buried in the Husayn shrine.
  • Ruhollah Khomeini (1900–1989) was the son of Mustafa Musawi, he was an Iranian politician, revolutionary, and cleric. He was the founder of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which saw the overthrow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Following the revolution, Khomeini became the country's Supreme Leader, a position created in the constitution of the Islamic Republic as the highest-ranking political and religious authority of the nation, which he held until his death.

Fourth generation

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  • Mostafa Khomeini (1930–1977) was the son of Ruhollah Khomeini, he died before the Iranian revolution.
  • Ahmad Khomeini (1946–1995) was the son of Ruhollah Khomeini, he was the main assistant of his father before, during and after the Iranian Revolution. He acted as the link between his father and the officials and people. He had several decision-making positions.

Fifth generation

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  • Hussain Khomeini (born 1959) is the son of Mostafa Khomeini, he is a cleric, and is considered a liberal secularist and an outspoken critic of the theocratic government in Iran.
  • Hassan Khomeini (born 1972) is the son of Ahmad Khomeini, he is a cleric and was appointed caretaker of the Mausoleum of Khomeini in 1995 where his grandfather and father are buried. He pursued a political career in 2015, and ran for the Assembly of Experts in the 2016 election. His nomination, however was rejected by the Guardian Council.
  • Yasser Khomeini is the son of Ahmad Khomeini, he is a cleric and orator.
  • Ali Khomeini is the son of Ahmad Khomeini

Sixth generation

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  • Ahmad Khomeini (born 1997) is the son of Hassan Khomeini. He is a cleric. It is said that he is often targeted, for being the son of Hassan Khomeini, someone Iran's conservative institutions are suspicious of due to their perceived sympathy for reformers.[12]

Pictures

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Family tree

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References

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  1. ^ Algar, Hamid (2010). "A short biography". In Koya, Abdar Rahman (ed.). Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy. Islamic Book Trust. p. 19. ISBN 978-9675062254.
  2. ^ Sacred space and holy war: the politics, culture and history of Shi'ite Islam by Juan Ricardo Cole
  3. ^ Art and culture: endeavours in interpretation by Ahsan Jan Qaisar, Som Prakash Verma, Mohammad Habib
  4. ^ From Khomein, A biography of the Ayatollah, 14 June 1999, The Iranian
  5. ^ Algar, Hamid (2010). "A short biography". In Koya, Abdar Rahman (ed.). Imam Khomeini: Life, Thought and Legacy. Islamic Book Trust. p. 20. ISBN 978-9675062254.
  6. ^ The Columbia world dictionary of Islamism by Olivier Roy, Antoine Sfeir
  7. ^ A Critical Introduction to Khomeini by Arshin Adib-Moghaddam
  8. ^ "Ayatollah Pasandideh". www.eslam.de. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  9. ^ "Tasalsul Nasab Ajdad al-Imam al-Khomayni (Qudissa Siruh) Min Nahiyat al-Ab" [Patrilineal lineage of Imam Khomeini]. Imam Khomeini (in Arabic). Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  10. ^ "Ayatollah Khomeini's family mostly absent from Iran politics". AP NEWS. 2019-02-01. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  11. ^ https://www.baltimoresun.com/1996/11/15/ayatollah-morteza-pasandideh103-the-brother-of-the/
  12. ^ Esfandiari, Golnaz. "Khomeini's Great-Grandson Fends Off Firestorm Over 'Luxurious' Lifestyle". RadioFreeEurope RadioLiberty.
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