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Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais

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Coordinates: 19°55′52″S 43°57′1″W / 19.93111°S 43.95028°W / -19.93111; -43.95028
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19°55′52″S 43°57′1″W / 19.93111°S 43.95028°W / -19.93111; -43.95028

Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais

Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais
19th Legislature
A coat of arms with a large red star in the middle bearing mining equipment. Above the star are the words "Libertas Quae Sera Tamen." The coat of arms is surrounded by a wreath of red berries and green leaves, with two stems of leaves sprouting from the bottom and framing a banner stating "Estado de Minas Gerais." A green ribbon is at the bottom; on the left tail, it says "15 de junho" and on the right, "de 1891."
Minas Gerais coat of arms
Type
Type
Leadership
President
Vice Presidents
Secretaries
Tadeu Martins Leite, MDB (1st); Carlos Henrique, REP (2nd); Arlen Santiago, PTB (3rd)
Structure
Seats77
Political groups
Government (17)
  • Deputy Luiz Humberto Carneiro
  •   AVANTE (3)
  •   PSDB (3)
  •   UNIÃO (3)
  •   NOVO (2)
  •   PSC (2)
  •   PMN (1)
  •   PODE (1)
  •   PP (1)
  •   Solidariedade (1)
Opposition (16)
Independents (34)
No block (10)
  •   PL (10)
Elections
Proportional representation
Last election
2021 (Board)
Last election
2019 (Deputies)
Next election
2022 (Board)
Next election
2023 (Deputies)
Meeting place
Palácio da Inconfidência, Belo Horizonte
Website
www.almg.gov.br

The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (Portuguese: Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais) is the state legislature of Brazil's Minas Gerais state.[1] It consists of 77 state deputies elected by proportional representation[2] and is based in Belo Horizonte, the state capital.[1] The Assembly has been based at the Palácio da Inconfidência since the building's 1972 opening; it was made a national heritage site in 2009.[3]

Deputies elected in the 2018 Brazilian state elections took office in February 2019 as part of the 19th Legislature.[4] Their terms will end in February 2023.[4] Agostinho Patrus of Brazil's Green Party is currently the Assembly president.[5]

History

[edit]

Brazil's 1824 Constitution, the first since claiming independence from Portugal in 1822, began establishing governmental and legislative powers; Ouro Preto, then the capital of Minas Gerais, was chosen as the province's main administrative hub.[6] It was written to the benefit of wealthy landowners and put native Brazilians, many of them Indigenous or Black, at a disadvantage, particularly because early laws allowed for slavery.[6][7] An 1834 Amendment allowed its provinces, including Minas Gerais, to establish provincial legislation.[8][9][6] At the time of the provincial legislature's establishment, Minas Gerais had more enslaved people than any other province in Brazil.[7]

In 1889, Emperor Pedro II, the final monarch of the Empire of Brazil, was quietly overthrown by the military, who established the First Brazilian Republic, formally known as the United States of Brazil.[10][11] Wealthy men who had previously owned slaves, as well Minas Gerais and São Paulo, Brazil's largest and richest provinces, headed the coup d'état and the subsequent creation of a republic.[12][10][13] Emperor Pedro II was replaced by Marshal Deodoro da Fonseca, the first president of the new oligarchy.[10][14][15]

The Empire's constitution was nullified and the Republic's federalist constitution replaced it in 1891.[14] Provinces became states and, due to the decentralization of the government and increased state power, began local elections of their own political representatives and legislative bodies.[14][15][10][13] Minas Gerais' first state constitution was also established in 1891 and was used, with amendments added later, until 1989.[16] The constitution created the bicameral Minas Gerais Congress and consisted of a Chamber of Deputies and a Senate.[16] Oligarchs from São Paulo and Minas Gerais took turns as president of the Republic during this period, as they held a significant amount of power in Brazil.[17][18]

Following the Revolution of 1930, failed presidential candidate Getúlio Vargas was able to take control of the government and shift the country into the New Republic era.[19][20][21] This meant the dissolution of state legislatures and state power in the National Congress declined.[16] The constitution did, however, introduce proportional representation, which still exists in Brazilian politics today.[22] The 1935 Minas Gerais Constitution revived the state's unicameral, 48-person Assembly, albeit with diminished power.[16][23] In 1937, Vargas seized absolute power and brought the country into Estado Novo, Brazil's first dictatorship.[24] Estado Novo's first constitution was put in place immediately and was inspired by Poland's 1935 authoritarian constitution.[25] This constitution did away with political parties, further decreased state legislative power by making them into "administrative divisions of a unitary state,"[21] and ended free elections.[26]

In 1945, Vargas was pushed aside and Brazil returned briefly to a democracy.[23] A democratic constitution was introduced and promised full political freedom, reduction of centralized power, and state rights to elect local political representatives.[27][28] In 1947, the Constituent Assembly of Minas Gerais was revived, this time with 72 deputies.[23]

The 1964 military coup plunged the country into another dictatorship, this one lasting for more than 20 years.[29][30] Institutional Acts were introduced and viewed as superior to the constitution.[30] Again, political rights were oppressed, elections were skewed, state autonomy was limited, and political parties were quashed, which created a heavily controlled bipartisan government.[31] In 1967, Minas Gerais' weakened Assembly majoritatively consisted of members of ARENA, one of the two political parties allowed under the Acts.[23] In 1984, civil unrest demanding a return to democracy began cropping up around the country.[32] While dissent from Brazilians continued, José Sarney stepped in as president when his platform partner Tancredo Neves died.[32] Sarney reestablished elections in 1986 to repopulate the National Assembly.[32] A new constitution was passed in 1988 and was the most strongly "democratic Constitution in the history of [the] country."[32] The new constitution restored power to the states, democratic elections, and other freedoms oppressed during the military dictatorship.[33] States could have their own symbols, including flags, and legislative bodies, who could pass state laws.[33] In 1989, the Legislative Assembly was again revived, this time with 77 deputies.[23]

Location

[edit]

The Assembly was located in Ouro Preto for the first century or so of its existence in a free Brazil. The Assembly's library was established in 1892 and resided for 5 years in the building now hosting the Federal University of Ouro Preto's pharmacy school.[34] In 1897, as a symbol of progress, the state capital moved from Ouro Preto to Cidade de Minas, now Belo Horizonte.[35] The Assembly moved into a building on Avenida Afonso Pena and its library settled at Praça da República, now known as the Praça Afonso Arinos.[34] They later moved to a building on Rua Tamoios following a 1959 fire before settling in the newly built Palácio da Inconfidência in 1972.[34]

Organization

[edit]

The Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (ALMG) is made up of 77 deputies.[23] The number of members is established "correspond[ing] to triple the representation of the State in the Chamber of Deputies and, when the number 36 is reached, it will be increased by as many Federal Deputies [minus] twelve."[36] Deputies are elected for four-year terms, called legislatures.[37] Each year of the legislature has a single legislative session.[38] The Plenary is the "deliberative body," where state deputies meet to discuss and vote on proposed bills.[39] The plenary is the highest court within the Assembly, with administrative authority over committees, the assembly table, party leaders, and the cabinet.[40] Some plenary events are open discussions with the public.[41]

Examples of Assembly responsibilities include:

Committees

[edit]

Committees are small groups of deputies working together on a single project or focus; committee foci include public administration, financial and budget inspection, and transportation.[42] Propositions currently under consideration are debated in these sessions.[42] Opinions formed by committee members are powerful; at times, authorities and specialists from the general public are invited to weigh in and offer a different point of view.[43]

The 19th Legislature (2019–2023) has 22 permanent committees:[44]

Current legislature

[edit]

Board of the Assembly

[edit]

The Board of the Assembly is made up of the following politicians for the 2021–2022 term:[45]

Office Name Party Years
President Augustine Patrus Green Party 2019–present[46]
1st VP Antonio Carlos Arantes Brazilian Social Democracy Party
2nd VP Jean Freire Workers' Party 2020–current
3rd VP Alencar da Silveira, Jr. Democratic Labour Party
1st Secretary Tadeu Martins Leite Brazilian Democratic Movement
2nd Secretary Carlos Henrique Republicans 2019–[47]
3rd Secretary Arlen Santiago Brazilian Labour Party

Blocks

[edit]

Each political party that has at least five deputies forms a group called a bench.[48] A block is a group made up of at least 16 deputies.[48] Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin. Blocks must be in place for legislative work to begin.[49] Benches and blocks both have a leader and vice-leader, though party representatives with less than 5 members cannot be either.[48] Parties with large numbers of members can form a block but the limit is one per party.[48]

As of February 2021, the Assembly has three official blocks:[50]

Notable members

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Legislative Assembly of Minas Gerais (ALMG)". Tufts University. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  2. ^ "Deputados são eleitos pelo sistema proporcional; veja como funciona" (in Portuguese). Camara dos Deputados. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  3. ^ "Sede da Assembleia é tombada como patrimônio cultural de BH" (in Portuguese). JusBrasil. 3 July 2009. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  4. ^ a b "Saiba quem são os 77 deputados estaduais eleitos em Minas Gerais" (in Portuguese). G1. 7 October 2018. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  5. ^ "Agostinho Célio Andrade Patrus" (in Portuguese). Diario Cidade. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  6. ^ a b c Papadia, Andrea (1 May 2019). "Slaves, Migrants and Development in Brazil, 1872-1923" (PDF). European University Institute. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  7. ^ a b Parreira Wicks, Nilce (1 January 2017). Pathways to Freedom: Slavery and Emancipation in Nineteenth-Century Ouro Preto, Brazil (PDF) (2017). UCLA. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  8. ^ Machado Oliveira, Kelly Eleutério (1 January 2017). ""O CAVALO DE BATALHA DO REGRESSO": A SEGUNDA LEGISLATURA DA ASSEMBLEIA PROVINCIAL MINEIRA (1838-1839)". Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  9. ^ Damasceno, Alberto (2017). "A instrução no grão-Pará imperial: do ato adicional de 1834 ao relatório Gonçalves Dias". Revista Brasileira de História da Educação. 17 (1): 38–64. doi:10.4025/rbhe.v17n1.829. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  10. ^ a b c d "The Republic". The Library of Congress. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  11. ^ "Chapter 4: Late Imperial Brazil". Brown University Library. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  12. ^ "A HISTÓRIA DA CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS" (in Portuguese). Camara dos Deputados. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  13. ^ a b Ribeiro Viscardi, Cláudia Maria (n.d.). "Elites políticas mineiras na Primeira República Brasileira: um levantamento prosopográfico" (PDF) (in Portuguese). UFJF, Brasil. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  14. ^ a b c "Constituição de 1891". Brasil Escola. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  15. ^ a b "Constituição de 1891" (in Portuguese). Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  16. ^ a b c d "Fundo - CÂMARA DOS DEPUTADOS" (in Portuguese). Arquivo Publico Mineiro. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  17. ^ Daniel, James M. (1946). "The Brazilian Revolution of 1930, Causes and Aftermath". The Historian. 9 (1): 37–42. doi:10.1111/j.1540-6563.1946.tb01103.x. JSTOR 24442263. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  18. ^ Duran, Rebecca (13 February 2014). "History of Brazil Republic". The Brazil Business. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  19. ^ Bethell, Leslie, ed. (2008). Volume 9: Brazil since 1930. Cambridge University Press. doi:10.1017/CHOL9780521395243. ISBN 9781139054232.
  20. ^ "The Rise of the Military in Politics: From the Old Republic to Estado Novo". Brown University Library. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  21. ^ a b Rosenn, Keith S. (2005). "Federalism in Brazil". Duquesne Law Review. 43: 577–598. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  22. ^ "History of TRE-MG" (in Portuguese). Tribunal Regional Eleitoral-MG. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  23. ^ a b c d e f "300 ANOS DE MINAS GERAIS" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Instituto dos Advogados de Minas Gerais. 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  24. ^ Levine, Robert M (1980). "Perspectives on the Mid-Vargas Years 1934-1937". Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs. 22 (1): 57–80. doi:10.2307/165612. JSTOR 165612. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  25. ^ Saunders, JVD (1980). "A Revolution of Agreement Among Friends: The End of the Vargas Era". Hispanic American Historical Review. 44 (2): 197–213. doi:10.1215/00182168-44.2.197.
  26. ^ "The Second Republic". Superior Electoral Court. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  27. ^ "Constituição Dos Estados Unidos Do Brasil (De 18 De Setembro De 1946)" (in Portuguese). Presidency of the Republic Civil House Sub-chief for Legal Affairs. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  28. ^ "A 4A REPÚBLICA" (in Portuguese). Camara dos Deputados. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  29. ^ "HIST 1970E: "Brazil Under Vargas: Shaping a Nation," Spring 2015". Brown University Library. 2015. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  30. ^ a b Cysne, Diogo (n.d.). "Constituição de 1967" (in Portuguese). Info Escola. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Bipartidarismo - Sistema vigorou durante a ditadura militar" (in Portuguese). uol Educacao. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  32. ^ a b c d "Constituição de 1988" (in Portuguese). Brasil Escola. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  33. ^ a b "República Federativa de Brasil/ Federative Republic of Brazil" (in Portuguese). Edmund A Walsh School of Foreign Service. 2008. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  34. ^ a b c "Biblioteca da Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais completa 125 anos" (in Portuguese). encontro. 21 June 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  35. ^ Briskievicz, Danilo Arnaldo. Comarca do Serro do Frio: História da Educação entre os Séculos XVIII ao XX.
  36. ^ Freitas, Raquel (5 May 2018). "Saiba por que 77 é a quantidade de deputados estaduais em Minas Gerais" (in Portuguese). g1. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  37. ^ "Meet the Deputies" (in Portuguese). Minas Gerais Assembly - ALMG. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  38. ^ "ENTENDA A ASSEMBLEIA" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  39. ^ "PLENÁRIO" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  40. ^ "ENTENDA A ASSEMBLEIA" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  41. ^ "Combate à tortura é tema de debate público na ALMG" (in Portuguese). Jusbrasil. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  42. ^ a b "COMISSÕES" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  43. ^ "Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais" (PDF) (in Portuguese). Legislative Assembly of the State of Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  44. ^ "COMISSÕES DA 19ª LEGISLATURA (DE 01/02/2019 A 31/01/2023)" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  45. ^ "Patrus é reeleito para a presidência da ALMG" (in Portuguese). Diario do Comercio. 5 December 2020. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  46. ^ Peixoto, Guilherme (2 January 2021). "Agostinho Patrus é reconduzido à presidência da Assembleia de MG" (in Portuguese). Estado de Minas. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  47. ^ "Carlos Henrique é eleito segundo secretário da Assembleia de Minas Gerais" (in Portuguese). Republicanos 10. 15 February 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  48. ^ a b c d "REPRESENTAÇÃO PARTIDÁRIA" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa de Minas Gerais. n.d. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Trapalhada deixa Zema sem bloco parlamentar e ameaça até secretário" (in Portuguese). Alem do Fato. 4 February 2021. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  50. ^ Muratori, Matheus (12 February 2021). "Bloco de apoio a Zema cresce na ALMG, mas ainda está longe de ser maioria" (in Portuguese). Estado de Minas. Retrieved 30 January 2022.
  51. ^ "RONDON PACHECO" (in Portuguese). GOVERNMENT OF THE STATE OF MINAS GERAIS. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  52. ^ "Aécio Ferreira da Cunha" (in Portuguese). Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  53. ^ "Morre Aureliano Chaves" (in Portuguese). Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de Sao Paulo. 30 April 2003. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  54. ^ "EX-DEPUTADO BONIFÁCIO ANDRADA MORRE EM DECORRÊNCIA DA COVID" (in Portuguese). Congresso em Foco. 5 January 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  55. ^ "BONIFACIO JOSE TAMM DE ANDRADA" (in Portuguese). Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  56. ^ "GARCIA, Hélio" (in Portuguese). Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  57. ^ "STARLING, Sandra" (in Portuguese). Center for Research and Documentation of Contemporary History of Brazil. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  58. ^ "Morre a ex-deputada Sandra Starling, uma das fundadoras do PT" (in Portuguese). Sao Goncalo Agora. 15 December 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  59. ^ "NILMÁRIO MIRANDA" (in Portuguese). Camara dos Deputados. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  60. ^ "Ex-deputado Ivair Nogueira morre vítima da Covid-19 em BH" (in Portuguese). VAconteceu no vale. 31 March 2021. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  61. ^ Alves, Jose Augusto (11 April 2021). "Pinduca, ex-deputado estadual, morre aos 68 anos por complicações da Covid-19" (in Portuguese). O Tempo. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  62. ^ Bouças, Cibelle (17 April 2021). "Morre de covid-19 deputado mineiro Luiz Humberto Carneiro" (in Portuguese). Valor. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  63. ^ "Conheça os 77 deputados estaduais eleitos em Minas Gerais" (in Portuguese). aconteceu no vale. 6 October 2014. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  64. ^ "Lincoln Tejota participará de decisão sobre federação que pode incluir o PSDB" (in Portuguese). O Popular. 20 January 2022. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  65. ^ Ragazzi, Lucas; Pimentel, Thais (16 July 2020). "Após 22 meses, Justiça de MG notifica ex-senador Zezé Perrella, que vira réu por improbidade administrativa" (in Portuguese). G1. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  66. ^ "EROS BIONDINI" (in Portuguese). Camara dos Deputados. n.d. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  67. ^ Ragazzi, Lucas (24 June 2021). "Ex-deputado George Hilton, de 50 anos, se aposenta pela Assembleia" (in Portuguese). Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  68. ^ de Almeida, Raquel (1 December 2020). "Câmara Municipal lamenta o falecimento de Leonardo Moreira" (in Portuguese). Chamber of Bom Jardim de Minas. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
  69. ^ Cotrim, Jonathan (11 October 2018). "Primeira mulher negra da ALMG foi eleita com apoio de movimento de renovação" (in Portuguese). Terra. Retrieved 29 January 2022.
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