Leptopilina

Leptopilina
	Leptopilina boulardii (Eucoilinae), a parasitoid of Drosophila
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Family:	Figitidae
Subfamily:	Eucoilinae
Genus:	Leptopilina; Förster, 1862

Leptopilina is a genus of parasitoid wasp in the family Figitidae. The genus is best known for the three Drosophila parasitoids Leptopilina boulardi, Leptopilina heterotoma and Leptopilina clavipes, used to study host-parasite immune interactions. The venom released by L. heterotoma during oviposition contains virus-like particles that delay host larval development and suppress the host cellular immune response.^[2]^[3] There is no evidence that these virus-like particles are the products of viral DNA as described in other parasitoid taxa.^[4]

L. japonica is a parasitoid of Drosophila suzukii which is an important pest in fruit production.^[5]^[6] It was first captured in November 2020 as bycatch from a Vespa mandarinia trap in Washington State^[7]^[8]^[9] - the first find of this species in the United States.^[7]^[8]^[9] This may help to control D. suzukii in North America.^[7]^[8]^[9]

References

^ Förster, A. 1862: Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens 19: 225–288.
^ Rizki, R. M.; Rizki, T. M. (1990). "Parasitoid virus-like particles destroy Drosophila cellular immunity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (21): 8388–8392. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8388R. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8388. PMC 54961. PMID 2122461.
^ Heavner, ME; Gueguen, G; Rajwani, R; Pagan, PE; Small, C; Govind, S (2013). "Partial venom gland transcriptome of a Drosophila parasitoid wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging Hymenoptera". Gene. 526 (21): 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.080. PMC 3905606. PMID 23688557.
^ Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Huguet, Elisabeth; Thézé, Julien; Bézier, Annie; Periquet, Georges; Drezen, Jean-Michel (2013). "When parasitic wasps hijacked viruses: genomic and functional evolution of polydnaviruses". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 368 (1626): 20130051. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0051. PMC 3758193. PMID 23938758.
^ Girod, Pierre; Borowiec, Nicolas; Buffington, Matthew; Chen, Guohua; Fang, Yuan; Kimura, Masahito T.; Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier; Ris, Nicolas; Wu, Hao; Xiao, Chun; Zhang, Jinping; Aebi, Alexandre; Haye, Tim; Kenis, Marc (2018-08-07). "The parasitoid complex of D. suzukii and other fruit feeding Drosophila species in Asia". Scientific Reports. 8 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 11839. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811839G. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29555-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6081417. PMID 30087364.
^ Daane, Kent M.; Wang, Xin-Geng; Biondi, Antonio; Miller, Betsey; Miller, Jeffrey C.; Riedl, Helmut; Shearer, Peter W.; Guerrieri, Emilio; Giorgini, Massimo; Buffington, Matthew; van Achterberg, Kees; Song, Yoohan; Kang, Taegun; Yi, Hoonbok; Jung, Chuleui; Lee, Dong Woon; Chung, Bu-Keun; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Walton, Vaughn M. (2016-02-10). "First exploration of parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in South Korea as potential classical biological agents". Journal of Pest Science. 89 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 823–835. doi:10.1007/s10340-016-0740-0. ISSN 1612-4758. S2CID 18151515.
^ ^a ^b ^c "ASIAN GIANT HORNET STAKEHOLDER UPDATE #17 – DECEMBER 9, 2020" (PDF). Washington State Department of Agriculture. the traps also captured the first United States specimens of parasitoid wasps that prey on SWD. The parasitoid larvae will live off SWD and eventually kill it. Without these traps this parasitoid wasp might have gone unnoticed. This information may help the development of biological control programs to potentially help manage SWD.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Murder Hornet traps yield bonus". 790 KGMI. 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-16.
^ ^a ^b ^c "Catching hope: Possible ally in fight against harmful fruit fly discovered in Asian giant hornet trap". Washington State Department of Agriculture AgBriefs. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-18.

[1] Förster, A. 1862: Synopsis der Familien und Gattungen der Braconen. Verhandlungen des Naturhistorischen Vereines preussischen Rheinlande und Westphalens 19: 225–288.

[Rizki_&_Rizki,_1990-2] Rizki, R. M.; Rizki, T. M. (1990). "Parasitoid virus-like particles destroy Drosophila cellular immunity". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 87 (21): 8388–8392. Bibcode:1990PNAS...87.8388R. doi:10.1073/pnas.87.21.8388. PMC 54961. PMID 2122461.

[Heavner_et_al.,_2013-3] Heavner, ME; Gueguen, G; Rajwani, R; Pagan, PE; Small, C; Govind, S (2013). "Partial venom gland transcriptome of a Drosophila parasitoid wasp, Leptopilina heterotoma, reveals novel and shared bioactive profiles with stinging Hymenoptera". Gene. 526 (21): 195–204. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2013.04.080. PMC 3905606. PMID 23688557.

[Herniou_et_al.,_2013-4] Herniou, Elisabeth A.; Huguet, Elisabeth; Thézé, Julien; Bézier, Annie; Periquet, Georges; Drezen, Jean-Michel (2013). "When parasitic wasps hijacked viruses: genomic and functional evolution of polydnaviruses". Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. 368 (1626): 20130051. doi:10.1098/rstb.2013.0051. PMC 3758193. PMID 23938758.

[Girod-et-al-2018-5] Girod, Pierre; Borowiec, Nicolas; Buffington, Matthew; Chen, Guohua; Fang, Yuan; Kimura, Masahito T.; Peris-Felipo, Francisco Javier; Ris, Nicolas; Wu, Hao; Xiao, Chun; Zhang, Jinping; Aebi, Alexandre; Haye, Tim; Kenis, Marc (2018-08-07). "The parasitoid complex of D. suzukii and other fruit feeding Drosophila species in Asia". Scientific Reports. 8 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 11839. Bibcode:2018NatSR...811839G. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-29555-8. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6081417. PMID 30087364.

[Daane-et-al-2016-6] Daane, Kent M.; Wang, Xin-Geng; Biondi, Antonio; Miller, Betsey; Miller, Jeffrey C.; Riedl, Helmut; Shearer, Peter W.; Guerrieri, Emilio; Giorgini, Massimo; Buffington, Matthew; van Achterberg, Kees; Song, Yoohan; Kang, Taegun; Yi, Hoonbok; Jung, Chuleui; Lee, Dong Woon; Chung, Bu-Keun; Hoelmer, Kim A.; Walton, Vaughn M. (2016-02-10). "First exploration of parasitoids of Drosophila suzukii in South Korea as potential classical biological agents". Journal of Pest Science. 89 (3). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 823–835. doi:10.1007/s10340-016-0740-0. ISSN 1612-4758. S2CID 18151515.

[WSDA-AGH-2020-12-09-parasitoid-7] "ASIAN GIANT HORNET STAKEHOLDER UPDATE #17 – DECEMBER 9, 2020" (PDF). Washington State Department of Agriculture. the traps also captured the first United States specimens of parasitoid wasps that prey on SWD. The parasitoid larvae will live off SWD and eventually kill it. Without these traps this parasitoid wasp might have gone unnoticed. This information may help the development of biological control programs to potentially help manage SWD.

[KGMI-parasitoid-8] "Murder Hornet traps yield bonus". 790 KGMI. 2020-12-16. Retrieved 2020-12-16.

[WSDA-japonica-first-9] "Catching hope: Possible ally in fight against harmful fruit fly discovered in Asian giant hornet trap". Washington State Department of Agriculture AgBriefs. 14 December 2020. Retrieved 2020-12-18.

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