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The front view of the Sudan Block of the National Defence Academy.
The Sudan Block of NDA

The Indian National Defence Academy (NDA) is the joint services academy of the Indian Armed Forces, where cadets of the three armed forces (the Army, the Navy and the Air Force) train together before beginning pre-commission training at their respective service academies (Indian Military Academy (IMA), Indian Naval Academy (INA), and Air Force Academy (AFA) for army, navy, and air force cadets respectively). Established in 1954 and located in vicinity of Khadakwasla Dam, near Pune, it is the world's first tri-service academy.[1][2]

NDA is not the only officer training academy in India. Besides NDA, which is tri-service academy, the Indian Army's IMA,[3] Officers Training Academy (OTA),[4][5] Army Cadet College (ACC), the Indian Navy's INA,[6] and the Air Force's AFA are the other officer training academies of India. Besides cadets from NDA, these academies accept cadets separately from several streams. Apart from these, the Indian Army has three establishments for technical stream which include College of Military Engineering (CME),[7] Military College of Telecommunication Engineering (MCTE),[8] and Military College of Electronics and Mechanical Engineering (MCEME).[9] Although cadets are imparted technical training at these three academies, they are commissioned through OTA, Gaya.[10] Excluding all these establishments, which are meant for combat arms, the Indian Army has other commissioning academies for support services such as the Medical Corps,[11] and the Judge Advocate General's Department for example.[12]

Similarly, the Aeronautical Engineers (Electronics) and Aeronautical Engineers (Mechanical) are trained at the Air Force Technical College at Jalahalli, Bengaluru; the Meteorological branch officer cadets get their training at Air Force Administrative College, Coimbatore.

NDA alumni have led and participated in every major conflict in which the Indian Armed Forces have been called into action since the academy was founded.[1] Alumni include three Param Vir Chakra recipients and twelve Ashoka Chakra recipients.[13][14] The NDA has produced 36 service chiefs of staff, including the incumbent chiefs of staff of the Army, Navy and Air Force.[15]

Chiefs of staff

[edit]
General Vijay Kumar Singh
General Vijay Kumar Singh
Admiral Arun Prakash
Admiral Arun Prakash
Admiral Robin Kumar Dhowan
Admiral Robin Kumar Dhowan
Admiral Sunil Lanba
Admiral Sunil Lanba
Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik
Air Chief Marshal Pradeep Vasant Naik
Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Air Chief Marshal Norman Anil Kumar Browne
Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha
Air Chief Marshal Arup Raha

As of September 2023, the academy has produced fourteen Chiefs of the Army Staff (COAS), twelve Chiefs of the Naval Staff (CNS) and ten Chiefs of the Air Staff (CAS). All incumbent service chiefs (Chief of the Army Staff General Manoj Pande, Chief of the Naval Staff Admiral Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar and Chief of the Air Staff ACM Vivek Ram Chaudhari) are NDA alumni.[15]

Chief of the Army Staff

[edit]
No. Name Awards Course number Notes[15]
1 Sunith Francis Rodrigues PVSM,[a] VSM[b] 1 26th Governor of Punjab[16][17]
2 Bipin Chandra Joshi PVSM, AVSM,[c] ADC[d] 5 [18][19]
3 Shankar Roy Chowdhury PVSM, ADC 10 Former Rajya Sabha member[20][21][22]
4 Ved Prakash Malik PVSM, AVSM 14 [23][24]
5 Sundararajan Padmanabhan PVSM, AVSM, VSM 15 [25]
6 Nirmal Chander Vij PVSM, UYSM,[e] AVSM 21 Former National Disaster Management Authority vice-chair; Vivekananda International Foundation director[26][27][28][29]
7 Joginder Jaswant Singh PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC 25 14th Governor of Arunachal Pradesh[30]
8 Deepak Kapoor PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC 30 [31]
9 Vijay Kumar Singh PVSM, AVSM, YSM,[f] ADC 36 Union Minister of State for External Affairs; Union Minister of State for Overseas Indian Affairs; Minister of State for Statistics and Programme Implementation; Former Minister for Development of North Eastern Region; Member of Indian Parliament for Ghaziabad[32][33][34][35]
10 Bikram Singh PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC, LoM 40 [36][37]
11 Dalbir Singh PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC, LoM 44 [38][39]
12 Bipin Rawat PVSM, UYSM, AVSM, YSM, SM, VSM, ADC 53 Former CDS
13 Manoj Mukund Naravane PVSM, AVSM, SM, VSM, ADC 56 Former COAS[40]
14 Manoj Pande PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC 61 Former COAS

Chief of the Naval Staff

[edit]
No. Name Awards Course number Notes[15]
1 Laxmi Narayan Ramdas PVSM, AVSM, VrC,[g] VSM, ADC 1 2004 Ramon Magsaysay Award for Peace and International Understanding[41]
2 Vijai Singh Shekhawat PVSM, AVSM, VrC, ADC 7 Former Vice Chairman of Outward Bound India;[42] Vivekananda International Foundation advisory board member[43]
3 Vishnu Bhagwat PVSM, AVSM, ADC 14 [44]
4 Sushil Kumar PVSM, AVSM, UYSM, YSM, NM,[h] VSM, ADC 16 [45]
5 Madhvendra Singh PVSM, AVSM, ADC 20 [28]
6 Arun Prakash PVSM, AVSM, VrC, VSM, ADC 26 [46]
7 Sureesh Mehta PVSM, AVSM, ADC 29 Former High Commissioner to New Zealand[47][48]
8 Nirmal Kumar Verma PVSM, AVSM 35 24th High Commissioner to Canada[49][50]
9 Robin Kumar Dhowan PVSM, AVSM, YSM, ADC 45 [51]
10 Sunil Lanba PVSM, AVSM, ADC 51 [52]
11 Karambir Singh PVSM, AVSM, ADC 56 former CNS[53][54][55]
12 Radhakrishnan Hari Kumar PVSM, AVSM, VSM, ADC 61 Incumbent

Chief of the Air Staff

[edit]
No. Name Awards Course number Notes[15]
1 Nirmal Chandra Suri PVSM, AVSM, VM,[i] ADC 1 [56]
2 Swaroop Krishna Kaul PVSM, MVC,[j] ADC 5 Maha Vir Chakra recipient[57]
3 Satish Kumar Sareen PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 12 [58]
4 Anil Yashwant Tipnis PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 15 [59]
5 Pradeep Vasant Naik PVSM, VSM, ADC 33 [60]
6 Norman Anil Kumar Browne PVSM, VM, ADC 39 Ambassador to Norway[61][62]
7 Arup Raha PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 44 [63][15]
8 Birender Singh Dhanoa PVSM, AVSM, YSM, VM, ADC 52 [64]
9 Rakesh Kumar Singh Bhadauria PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 56 Former CAS[65]
10 Vivek Ram Chaudhari PVSM, AVSM, VM, ADC 61 Incumbent

Wartime award recipients

[edit]

As of September 2023, 3 Param Vir Chakras, 32 Maha Vir Chakras and 163 Vir Chakras have been awarded to NDA officers.[66]

Param Vir Chakra

[edit]

Three officers from NDA have posthumously received the Param Vir Chakra, India's highest wartime gallantry award. All three were from the Army.[13]

No. Name Course number Unit Year[67]
1 Gurbachan Singh Salaria 9 3/1 Gorkha Rifles 1961[68]
2 Arun Khetarpal 38 17 Poona Horse 1971[69]
3 Manoj Kumar Pandey 90 1/11 Gorkha Rifles 1999[70]

Maha Vir Chakra

[edit]

32 NDA officers have received the Maha Vir Chakra, India's second-highest wartime gallantry award: two from the Air Force, one from the Navy and the remainder from the Army. Ten received the award posthumously. Air Force squadron leader Padmanabha Gautam is the only NDA officer to receive the award twice, in 1965 and 1971 (posthumously).[71]

No. Name Course number Unit Year[72]
1 Raj Mohan Vohra 1 Armoured Corps 1971[73]
2 Hanut Singh 1 Armoured Corps 1971[74]
3 Kulwant Singh Pannu 1 Infantry 1971[75]
4 Narinder Singh Sandhu 2 Infantry 1971[76]
5 Padmanabha Gautam 3 Indian Air Force 1965, 1971[k][71]
6 Sushil Kumar Mathur 3 Artillery 1965[77][78]
7 Sukhjit Singh 4 Armoured Corps 1971[79]
8 Shamsher Singh 5 Infantry 1971[80]
9 Raj Kumar Singh 5 Infantry 1971[81]
10 H. C. Pathak 5 Infantry 1971[82]
11 Swaroop Krishna Kaul 5 Indian Air Force 1971[83][84]
12 Ved Prakash Ghai 5 Infantry 1971[k][85]
13 Surinder Kapoor 7 Infantry 1971[86]
14 Ved Prakash Airy 8 Infantry 1972[87]
15 Bhaskar Roy 9 Armoured Corps 1965[88]
16 Daljit Singh Narang 9 Armoured Corps 1972[k]
17 Santosh Kumar Gupta 10 Indian Navy 1971[89]
18 Vijay Rattan Choudhry 13 Corps of Engineers 1971
19 Vijay Kumar Berry 14 Infantry 1971[90]
20 Manjit Singh 19 Infantry 1987[91]
21 Bhagwan Dutt Dogra 20 Infantry 1962[92]
22 Amarjit Singh Bal 22 Armoured Corps 1971[93]
23 Gautam Mubayi 23 Infantry 1965[k][94]
24 Pradip Kumar Gour 25 Infantry 1971[95]
25 Basdev Singh Mankotia 28 Infantry 1971[96]
26 S. K. Gupta 30 Infantry 1971[k][72]
27 Inder Bal Singh Bawa 30 Infantry 1971[k][97]
28 Devinder Singh Ahlawat 31 Infantry 1971[k][98]
29 Vivek Gupta 80 2 Rajputana 1999[k][99]
30 Anuj Nayyar 90 17 Jat 1999[k]
31 Gurjinder Singh Suri 90 12 Bihar 2001[k][100]
32 Bikkumalla Santosh Babu 105 16 Bihar 2021[101]
[l][m]

Vir Chakra

[edit]

163 NDA alumni have been awarded the Vir Chakra, India's third-highest wartime award. Of these, 96 are from the Army, 13 from the Navy and 54 from the Air Force. Notable recipients include Admiral Laxmi Narayan Ramdas, Admiral Vijai Singh Shekhawat, Wing Commander Abhinandan Varthaman and Admiral Vishnu Bhagwat.[102] & Lt Gen Yogesh Kumar Joshi.

Peacetime award recipients

[edit]

As of September 2023, 12 Ashok Chakras,[14] 45 Kirti Chakras,[103] and 152 Shaurya Chakras,[104] have been awarded to NDA officers.[66]

Ashoka Chakra

[edit]

Twelve NDA officers have received the Ashok Chakra, India's highest peacetime gallantry award. Of them, one is from the Air Force and the remainder are from the Army. Eleven officers received the award posthumously.[66] Wing commander Rakesh Sharma of the Air Force is the only living NDA Air Force officer to receive the award.[105][106]

No. Name Course number Unit Notes
1 Pollur Mutthuswamy Raman 10 3 Sikh Li CI Ops Naga Hill-03 Jun 1956
2 Rakesh Sharma 35 Indian Air Force Only Indian national to go into space; Hero of the Soviet Union[105][106][107]
3 Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair 38 16 Maratha Light Infantry 1994;[k] Kirti Chakra (1983)[108][109]
4 Sudhir Kumar Walia 72 9 Para (SF) 2000;[k] Sena Medal recipient[110][111]
5 Arjun Singh Jasrotia 73 9 Para (SF) 1996;[k] Sena Medal recipient[110][112]
6 Rajiv Kumar Joon 78 22 Grenadiers 1995;[k] Shaurya Chakra recipient[113][114]
7 Rakesh Singh 79 22 Grenadiers 1993[k][115][108]
8 Puneet Nath Datt 87 1/11 Gorkha Rifles 1997[k][116]
9 Mohit Sharma 95 1 Para (SF) 2010;[k] Sena Medal recipient[117][118]
10 Dinesh Raghu Raman 95 Rashtriya Rifles 2008;[k] COAS commendation[119][120]
11 Sandeep Unnikrishnan 94 7 Bihar
51 SAG (NSG)		 2009,[k] Operation Black Tornado[121][122][123][124]
12 Radhakrishnan Nair Harshan 101 2 Para (SF) 2007[k][125]
[l][m]

Kirti Chakra

[edit]

Forty five NDA alumni have received the Kirti Chakra, India's second-highest peacetime gallantry award. Notable recipients include Colonel Neelakantan Jayachandran Nair, who is also an Ashok Chakra recipient[109] Lieutenant colonel Nectar Sanjenbam who is also a Shaurya Chakra recipient.[1] Archived 12 November 2018 at the Wayback Machine

Shaurya Chakra

[edit]

A total of 152 NDA alumni have received the Shaurya Chakra, India's third-highest peacetime gallantry award. Notable recipients include Major Rajiv Kumar Joon, who is also an Ashok Chakra recipient.[126]

Others

[edit]
Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
Colonel Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore
No. Name Military awards Course number Notes
1 Arogyaswami Paulraj AVSM, VSM 25 Professor Emeritus, Stanford University, USA; 2010 Padma Bhushan recipient; 2011 IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal; 2014 Marconi Prize; 2018 United States Patent and Trademark Office, National Inventors Hall of Fame; 2023 IET Faraday Medal; Project lead for APSOH sonar developed for the Indian Navy 1977–83, APSOH was the most advanced sonar system in the world in its class. Later in the US, developed MIMO wireless, the core technology behind 4G/5G mobile and WiFi networks. MIMO triggered massive R&D investments worldwide and is now used universally[127][128]
2 Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore AVSM 77 Minister of State for Information & Broadcasting; Member of Parliament from Jaipur, Rajasthan; Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Award recipient; Padma Shri recipient; Arjuna Award recipient; Silver medal in men's double trap at the 2004 Summer Olympics; 3 gold medals and 1 silver medal in the Commonwealth Games;[n] 1 silver and 1 bronze medal in the Asian Games[o][129][130][131][132][133][134][135]
3 Ian Cardozo AVSM, SM 12 First NDA cadet to receive both gold and silver medals;[136] First war-disabled officer of the Indian Army to command a battalion and a brigade

Notes

[edit]

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^ PVSM—Param Vishisht Seva Medal
  2. ^ VSM—Vishisht Seva Medal
  3. ^ AVSM—Ati Vishisht Seva Medal
  4. ^ ADC—Aide-de-camp
  5. ^ UYSM—Uttam Yudh Seva Medal
  6. ^ YSM—Yudh Seva Medal
  7. ^ VrC—Vir Chakra
  8. ^ NM—Nao Sena Medal
  9. ^ VM—Vayusena Medal
  10. ^ MVC—Maha Vir Chakra
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Posthumous
  12. ^ a b List arranged by course number, then by rank.
  13. ^ a b Rank is that held by the officer on the date of the award or action.
  14. ^ Two gold medals: one in double trap individual and double trap pairs at the 2002 Commonwealth Games. One gold and one silver medal in double trap individual and double trap pairs, respectively, at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
  15. ^ One silver and one bronze medal in double trap teams and double trap, respectively, at the 2006 Asian Games.

Citations

[edit]
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References

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