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List of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This is a list of Vietnamese inventions and discoveries which includes technological, cultural and historical inventions. This list is incomplete.

Academia

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Arts

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Entertainment & Theatre

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  • Cải lương: a form of modern folk opera that blends southern Vietnamese folk songs, classical music, hát tuồng (a classical theatre form based on Chinese opera), and modern spoken drama. It originated in Southern Vietnam in the early 20th century and blossomed in the 1930s as a theatre of the middle class during the country's French colonial period. Cải lương is now promoted as a national theatrical form. Unlike the other folk forms, it continued to prove popular with the masses as late as the 1970s and the 1980s, although it is now in decline.[6][7]
  • A performance in the Thăng Long water puppet theatre in Hanoi.
    Chèo: a form of generally satirical musical theatre, often encompassing dance, traditionally performed by Vietnamese peasants in northern Vietnam. It is usually performed outdoors by semi-amateur touring groups, stereo-typically in a village square or the courtyard of a public building, although it is today increasingly also performed indoors and by professional performers. Chèo has been a popular art form of the Vietnamese people for many generations and has fostered the national spirit through its lyrical content.
  • Chú Tễu: a typical puppet in Vietnamese water puppetry. Tễu is bigger than other puppets. This character usually introduces the performance and makes humorous actions for the audience.
  • Hát tuồng: a form of Vietnamese theatre. Hát tuồng is often referred to as classical "Vietnamese opera" influenced by Chinese opera. However, the first one to lay the foundation for the art of tuồng in Vietnam is Dao Duy Tu.[8] Under the Nguyen dynasty which he served for, tuồng reached its highest point and was favored by Nguyen kings. Many great playwrights including Đào Tấn were also in this time.
  • Water puppetry: (Vietnamese: Múa rối nước) a tradition that dates back as far as the 11th century, when it originated in the villages of the Red River Delta, in the north of the country. Vietnamese water puppetry is a variation on the ancient Asian puppet tradition.

Food

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A typical Vietnamese bánh cuốn dish.
  • Bánh Chưng: a traditional Vietnamese food made from glutinous rice, mung beans, pork and other ingredients. Considered an essential element of the family altar on the occasion of Tết, the making and eating of bánh chưng during this time is a well-preserved tradition of Vietnamese people.
  • Bánh Cuốn: a Vietnamese dish made from a thin, wide sheet of fermented rice batter filled with a mixture of cooked seasoned ground pork, minced wood ear mushroom, and minced shallots.
  • Bánh Mì: a Vietnamese baguette sandwich that is a fusion of meats and vegetables from native Vietnamese cuisine such as chả lụa (Vietnamese sausage), coriander (cilantro), cucumber, pickled carrots, and pickled daikon combined with condiments from French cuisine such as pâté, along with red chili and mayonnaise.
  • Bún bò Huế: a Vietnamese rice noodle (bún) dish with sliced beef (), chả lụa, and sometimes pork knuckles. The dish originated from the city of Huế in central Vietnam in the late 1500s and early 1600s, when the city was ruled by the Nguyễn Lords.[9][10] In its native city Huế, bún bò is typically served only in the mornings as a main meal rather than a breakfast item. However, in other major Vietnamese cities, it can be found at various meal times.[11][12]
  • Bún chả: a dish consisting of charcoal roasted pork served in a sweet/salty soup with rice noodle vermicelli and lettuce. Bún chả originated from and remains very popular in Hanoi and throughout Vietnam.
    Vietnamese spring rolls (gỏi cuốn).
  • Chả cá Lã Vọng: a Vietnamese grilled fish dish, originally from the capital Hanoi. The dish is traditionally made with hemibagrus (or cá lăng in Vietnamese), which is a genus of catfish. The fish is cut into pieces and marinated in a turmeric-based sauce, which often includes shrimp paste or fish sauce, ginger, and chili peppers. The dish is served in a hot pan coated with marinade sauce and herbs, particularly dill. Other herbs, such as scallions or basil, may be included. It is eaten with vermicelli rice noodles (bún in Vietnamese) and peanuts. Chả cá Lã Vọng is considered a delicacy in Vietnam, as it is nearly exclusively served in restaurants and is not found in street food.
  • Gỏi Cuốn: a Vietnamese dish traditionally consisting of pork, prawn, vegetables, bún (rice vermicelli), and other ingredients wrapped in bánh tráng (commonly known as rice paper or cold roll). In the West, these rolls are called by several different English names, including "salad roll", "spring roll" and "summer roll." Sometimes the word "Vietnamese" is added at the beginning of these words; for example, in Hong Kong, they are called "Vietnamese rolls", and in Australia and the United States they may be called "Vietnamese spring rolls."
  • A bowl of beef phở.
    Nem chua: a fermented pork meat dish served as is or fried, coated by fried rice (thính gạo), mixed with pork skin and then wrapped in country gooseberry leaves (lá chùm ruột) or Erythrina orientalis leaves (lá vông nem).
  • Phở: a Vietnamese soup dish consisting of broth, rice noodles (bánh phở), herbs, and meat (usually beef (phở bò)), sometimes chicken (phở gà). Originating from Van Cu, Nam Dinh province, the dish is traditionally served with a variety of herbs to enhance its flavor.[13][14] Nowadays, there are many different ways to prepare and flavor phở.[15][16] In Vietnam, there are different names to distinguish them: Northern phở (in the North), Huế phở (in the Central region), and Saigon phở (in the South).[17][18][19]
  • Sriracha Sauce: the Huy Fong sriracha chili sauce produced by Huy Fong Foods was created by Vietnamese entrepreneur David Tran in 1980.[20] The primary ingredients are peppers, garlic, and sugar. It was originally made with Serrano peppers and is now made with red Jalapeño peppers, reducing the overall pungency.

Language

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Music and instruments

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Folk music

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Musical instruments

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The musician on the right playing the đàn bầu.

Sports

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  • Vovinam demonstration in France, 2014.
    Vovinam: a Vietnamese martial art founded by Nguyễn Lộc in 1938 with the intent of providing practitioners with an efficient method of self-defense after a short period of study. Nguyễn believed martial arts would contribute to freeing Vietnam from French colonial rule and from foreign invasions. Vovinam added elements of Chinese and Japanese systems to traditional Vietnamese martial arts systems, which were partially created as a response to the French occupation and to promote a sense of national identity for the Vietnamese people.[21][22] Hence, it is similar to Korean taekwondo in that it is an eclectic system with combined elements of Japanese and Chinese martial arts within an indigenous framework.[23]

Technology

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Video Games

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  • Axie Infinity: an NFT-based blockchain game developed by Vietnamese developer Sky Mavis. The game was built on the Ronin network, an Ethereum-linked sidechain, and uses Ethereum-based cryptocurrencies for its in-game economy.
  • Flappy Bird: a 2013 casual mobile game developed by Nguyễn Hà Đông who grew up in Vạn Phúc, a village near Hanoi.[44] Flappy Bird was created and developed by the Vietnamese video game artist under his game development company .Gears in just two to three days. The bird character, Faby, was originally designed in 2012 for a cancelled platform game.[45] The gameplay was inspired by the act of bouncing a ping pong ball against a paddle for as long as possible.[46] Initially the game was significantly easier than what became the final version, but Nguyen said he found this version to be boring and subsequently tightened up the difficulty.[46]
  • Shadow Era: a free online digital collectible card game created by Vietnamese developer Wulven Studios. The game is supported on PC, iOS, and Android, and it was released on February 24, 2011.
  • Tam cúc: a multi-trick card game popular in North Vietnam that uses a deck of 32 Chinese chess cards divided into two suits: red and black.[47][48]
  • Tổ tôm: the origin of tổ tôm is still unclear, but by the 19th century in Vietnam, this card game was very popular, especially among the upper class who considered it an elegant game that required a lot of intelligence.
  • 7554: Glorious Memories Revived: a first-person shooter video game developed by Vietnamese video game developer Emobi Games for Windows. It was released for Vietnamese markets on December 16, 2011.

References

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  20. ^ "Huy Fong Foods, Inc. – Known Worldwide for Our HOT Chili Sauces". www.huyfong.com. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
  21. ^ Thomas A. Green, ed. (2001). Martial Arts of the World : A-Q. Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 441. ISBN 1576071502.
  22. ^ Tri Nguyen. "Vovinam". Atlanta Martial Arts Directory. Archived from the original on 2003-06-14.
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  26. ^ "FPT Smart Cloud Levels up Customer Service Operations with AI". NVIDIA. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
  27. ^ PYMNTS (2024-06-27). "KarmaCheck Raises $45 Million for Background Check, Credentialing Platform". PYMNTS.com. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
  28. ^ "KarmaCheck | Background Checks Reimagined". KarmaCheck. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
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  32. ^ "Paul Tran Founder CEO MANSCAPED". paultran.com. Retrieved 2024-12-18.
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  36. ^ "pdfTeX - TeX Users Group". www.tug.org. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
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