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List of birds of Wallis and Futuna

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Map of globe focused on the Pacific Ocean, with a red circle showing where Wallis and Futuna is located
Location of Wallis and Futuna in the South Pacific Ocean
mottled black and white bird in grass
A subspecies of the Polynesian triller (adult from Fiji pictured) is endemic to Wallis and Futuna.

Wallis and Futuna is a French overseas collectivity in Polynesia in the Pacific Ocean.[1] It consists of three main islands, Wallis (Uvea), Futuna, and Alofi, along with several offshore islets. These islands have a total land area of 145 km2 (56 sq mi) and are outside the three main archipelagoes in Western Polynesia: Fiji, Samoa, and Tonga.[1][2] There are 62 species of birds that have been recorded from Wallis and Futuna, out of which five have been introduced by humans. No species are endemic to the collectivity, but there are endemic subspecies of the collared kingfisher, Polynesian triller, Fiji shrikebill, and Polynesian starling.[3] The shy ground dove has been extirpated from the islands, while the blue-crowned lorikeet is locally extinct on Uvea.[4] A now-extinct imperial pigeon, Ducula david, was described from subfossil remains on the islands and is thought to have been widespread before the arrival of humans.[5]

Uvea is an eroded volcanic island and the largest of the three, while Futuna and Alofi are composite islands made of volcanic rock and limestone.[2] The latter two islands are only 1.7 km (1.1 mi) from each other, but over 230 km (140 mi) southwest of Uvea.[1] The main vegetation types found in Wallis and Futuna are wetlands such as mangroves and swamp forests, coastal strand vegetation, coastal forests, littoral forests, lowland rainforests, montane rainforests and cloud forests, and human-altered vegetation like secondary forests and cultivation.[6] Threats to the avifauna of the islands include deforestation caused by agriculture, introduced species, especially rats, and hunting.[7]

This list's taxonomic treatment (designation and sequence of orders, families and species) and nomenclature (common and scientific names) follow the conventions of the 2022 edition of The Clements Checklist of Birds of the World. The family accounts at the beginning of each heading reflect this taxonomy, as do the species counts found in each family account. The following tags have been used to highlight several categories. Species without any of these tags are native and commonly occurring.

  • (A) Accidental – a species that rarely or accidentally occurs in Wallis and Futuna
  • (I) Introduced – a species introduced to Wallis and Futuna as a consequence, direct or indirect, of human actions
  • (Ex) Extirpated – a species that no longer occurs in Wallis and Futuna although populations may exist elsewhere


Ducks, geese, and waterfowl

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brownish duck with black and white face stripes swimming
Pacific black duck

Order: Anseriformes   Family: Anatidae

Anatidae includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl, such as geese and swans. These birds are adapted to an aquatic existence with webbed feet, flattened bills, and feathers that are excellent at shedding water due to an oily coating.[8]

Megapodes

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Order: Galliformes   Family: Megapodiidae

The megapodes are chicken-like with large feet and unique mound or burrow nests, in which they use heat generated by the environment to incubate their eggs. All but the malleefowl occupy jungle habitats.[9]

Pheasants, grouse, and allies

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Order: Galliformes   Family: Phasianidae

The Phasianidae are a family of terrestrial birds comprising quails, partridges, snowcocks, francolins, spurfowls, tragopans, monals, pheasants, peafowls, grouse, ptarmigans, and junglefowls. In general, they are plump (although they vary in size) and have broad, relatively short wings.[10]

Pigeons and doves

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white pigeon with green wings sitting on branch
Pacific imperial-pigeon

Order: Columbiformes   Family: Columbidae

Pigeons and doves are stout-bodied birds with short necks and short slender bills with a fleshy cere.[11]

Cuckoos

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Order: Cuculiformes   Family: Cuculidae

The family Cuculidae includes cuckoos, roadrunners and anis. These birds are of variable size with slender bodies, long tails and strong legs.[12]

Swifts

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stocky blackish bird with rounded wings flying
Australian swiftlet

Order: Apodiformes   Family: Apodidae

Swifts are small birds which spend the majority of their lives flying. They are highly adapted to an aerial life and some are unable to take off from level ground.[13]

Rails, gallinules, and coots

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Order: Gruiformes   Family: Rallidae

Rallidae is a large family of small to medium-sized birds which includes the rails, crakes, coots and gallinules. Typically they inhabit dense vegetation in damp environments near lakes, swamps or rivers. In general they are shy and secretive birds, making them difficult to observe. Most species have strong legs and long toes which are well adapted to soft uneven surfaces. They tend to have short, rounded wings and to be weak fliers.[14]

brown, white, and black lapwing with bare, yellow face
Masked lapwing

Plovers and lapwings

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Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Charadriidae

The family Charadriidae includes the plovers, dotterels and lapwings. They are small to medium-sized birds with compact bodies, short, thick necks and long, usually pointed, wings. They are found in open country worldwide.[15]

Sandpipers and allies

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tan sandpiper with dark brown markings
Pectoral sandpiper

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Scolopacidae

Scolopacidae is a large diverse family of small to medium-sized shorebirds including the sandpipers, curlews, godwits, shanks, tattlers, woodcocks, snipes, dowitchers and phalaropes. The majority of these species eat small invertebrates picked out of the mud or soil. Some species have highly specialised bills adapted to specific feeding strategies.[16]

Gulls, terns, and skimmers

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whitish-grey tern with black back of neck and eyestripe
Black-naped tern

Order: Charadriiformes   Family: Laridae

Laridae is a family of seabirds consisting of gulls, terns, and skimmers. Gulls are typically grey or white, often with black markings on the head or wings. Terns are generally smaller than gulls with more pointed wings and bills, many also having forked tails which help with aerial manoeuvrability. Both species can be found inland near lakes and rivers, however gulls have adapted well to human presence and can often be found in urban centers.[17]

white seabird with red bill and long red tail
Red-tailed tropicbird

Tropicbirds

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Order: Phaethontiformes   Family: Phaethontidae

Tropicbirds are slender white birds of tropical oceans, with exceptionally long central tail feathers. Their heads and long wings have black markings.[18]

Shearwaters and petrels

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grey-bodied seabird with black-marked white wings
Mottled petrel
greyish seabird with whitish wings
Sooty shearwater

Order: Procellariiformes   Family: Procellariidae

The procellariids are a group of medium-sized petrels, characterised by united nostrils with a medium nasal septum and a long outer functional primary flight feather.[19]

Frigatebirds

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Order: Suliformes   Family: Fregatidae

Frigatebirds are large seabirds usually found over tropical oceans. They are large, black and white or completely black, with long wings and deeply forked tails. The males have coloured inflatable throat pouches. They do not swim or walk and cannot take off from a flat surface. They are essentially aerial, able to stay aloft for days at a time.[20]

Boobies and gannets

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brown bird with large blue bill and white undersides flying
Brown booby in flight

Order: Suliformes   Family: Sulidae

The sulids comprise the gannets and boobies. Both groups are medium to large coastal seabirds that plunge-dive for fish.[21]

Herons, egrets, and bitterns

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Order: Pelecaniformes   Family: Ardeidae

The family Ardeidae contains the bitterns, herons, and egrets. Herons and egrets are medium to large wading birds with long necks and legs. Bitterns tend to be shorter necked and more wary. Members of Ardeidae fly with their necks retracted.[22]

Hawks, eagles, and kites

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orangish-brown harrier with whitish-grey wings flying
Adult male swamp harrier

Order: Accipitriformes   Family: Accipitridae

Accipitridae is a family of birds of prey, which includes hawks, eagles, kites, harriers and Old World vultures. These birds have powerful hooked beaks and strong talons to hunt their typical prey of small vertebrates, although some species have other, highly specialized diets.[23]

Barn-owls

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Order: Strigiformes   Family: Tytonidae

Barn-owls are long-legged and lightly built owls with characteristic heart-shaped faces.[24]

Kingfishers

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orangish kingfisher with blue head and wings and black beak
Sacred kingfisher

Order: Coraciiformes   Family: Alcedinidae

Kingfishers are small to large birds with large bills and a carnivorous diet.[25]

Falcons and caracaras

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Order: Falconiformes   Family: Falconidae

Falconidae is a family of diurnal birds of prey. They feed on a variety of prey and generally inhabit open country, although some live in forests.[26]

Old World parrots

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Order: Psittaciformes   Family: Psittaculidae

Old World parrots are brightly coloured birds with strong, hooked beaks and zygodactyl feet. They are found in a variety of habitats and mostly eat fruit and seeds.[27]

Honeyeaters

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brown bird with yellow wattle
Eastern wattled honeyeater

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Meliphagidae

The honeyeaters are a large and diverse family of birds most common in Australia and New Guinea. They are nectar feeders and inhabit a range of habitats with flowering plants.[28]

Cuckooshrikes

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Campephagidae

The cuckooshrikes are mostly insectivorous passerines found in Asia, Africa, and Australia.[29]

Monarch flycatchers

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Monarchidae

The monarch flycatchers are medium-sized insectivorous flycatchers which hunt by sallying.[30]

Starlings

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brown bird with pale, streaked undersides
Polynesian starling

Order: Passeriformes   Family: Sturnidae

Starlings are passerine birds that live in a variety of habitats in Asia and Africa. They are generally dark-colored, but some species have bold, bright, iridescent plumage.[31]

Waxbills and allies

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Order: Passeriformes   Family: Estrildidae

The estrildid finches are small passerine birds of the Old World tropics and Australasia. They are gregarious and often colonial seed eaters with short and thick, but pointed, bills. They are all similar in structure and habits, but have wide variation in plumage colours and patterns.[32]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b c Thibault, Cibois & Meyer 2015, p. 30.
  2. ^ a b Steadman 2006, p. 22.
  3. ^ Thibault, Cibois & Meyer 2015, pp. 34–35.
  4. ^ Thibault, Cibois & Meyer 2015, pp. 32, 34.
  5. ^ Steadman 2006, pp. 203, 207.
  6. ^ Thibault, Cibois & Meyer 2015, p. 31.
  7. ^ Thibault, Cibois & Meyer 2015, pp. 35–36.
  8. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl (Anatidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.anatid1.01. S2CID 216505323. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  9. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Megapodes (Megapodiidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.megapo1.01. S2CID 243461546. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  10. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Pheasants, Grouse, and Allies (Phasianidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.phasia1.01. S2CID 216315583. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  11. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Pigeons and Doves (Columbidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.columb2.01. S2CID 216304444. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  12. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Cuckoos (Cuculidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.cuculi1.01. S2CID 241787139. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  13. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Swifts (Apodidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.apodid1.01. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  14. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Rails, Gallinules, and Coots (Rallidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.rallid1.01. S2CID 216475559. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  15. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Plovers and Lapwings (Charadriidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.charad1.01. S2CID 216164780. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  16. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Sandpipers and Allies (Scolopacidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.scolop2.01. S2CID 216445504. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  17. ^ Elphick, Jonathan (2019). The Handbook of Bird Families. Richmond Hill, Ontario: Firefly Books. pp. 127–129. ISBN 0-2281-0119-0.
  18. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Tropicbirds (Phaethontidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.phaeth1.01. S2CID 243054855. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  19. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Shearwaters and Petrels (Procellariidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.procel3.01. S2CID 216494761. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  20. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Frigatebirds (Fregatidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.fregat1.01. S2CID 242682341. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  21. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Boobies and Gannets (Sulidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.sulida1.01. S2CID 216477098. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  22. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns (Ardeidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.ardeid1.01. S2CID 216231772. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  23. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Hawks, Eagles, and Kites (Accipitridae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.accipi1.01. S2CID 216235641. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  24. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Barn-Owls (Tytonidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.tytoni1.01. S2CID 216437168. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  25. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Kingfishers (Alcedinidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.alcedi1.01. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  26. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Falcons and Caracaras (Falconidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.falcon1.01. S2CID 216488975. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  27. ^ Billerman, Shawn M. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Old World Parrots (Psittaculidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.psitta4.01. S2CID 216162081. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  28. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Honeyeaters (Meliphagidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.meliph3.01. S2CID 241635246. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  29. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Cuckooshrikes (Campephagidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.campep2.01. S2CID 242781888. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  30. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Monarch Flycatchers (Monarchidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.monarc2.01. S2CID 216162172. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  31. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Starlings (Sturnidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.sturni1.01. Retrieved 2022-05-04.
  32. ^ Winkler, David W.; Billerman, Shawn M.; Lovette, Irby J. (2020-03-04). Billerman, Shawn M.; Keeney, Brooke K.; Rodewald, Paul G.; Schulenberg, Thomas S. (eds.). "Waxbills and Allies (Estrildidae)". Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. doi:10.2173/bow.estril1.01. S2CID 216266025. Retrieved 2022-05-04.

Works cited

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