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The Spanish established missions in Spanish Florida from the founding of San Augustin and Santa Elena in 1565 until the History of Florida#British rule (1763–1783)transfer of Florida to Great Britain in 1763. Throughout those two centuries there were mission churches in the present-day states of Florida, and Georgia, and for a brief period from 1655 to 1670, in South Carolina and Virginia.

This list includes doctrinas, missions that normally had one or more resident missionaries, but does not include visitas, which never had a resident missionary, and had less substantial church buildings where services were conducted by visiting missionaries.

Missions in Spanish Florida
Mission Name Location Province
or Region		 Active Period[A] References
Apalo[B] Potano Unknown [1]
Ajacán[B] 37.23796, -76.50743[2] Virginia 1570 [3]
Assumpción del Puerto or Assumpción de Nuestra Señora[C] Apalachee 1675 [4]
Attissimi, or Atisme, or Jizime Jororo 1693–1697 [5]
Cofa[B] (mouth of Suwannee River) Potano Unknown [6]
Escamau-Orista[B] Santa Elena 1566–1570 [3]
Espogache[B][D] Guale 1605–? [7]
Guale[B] 31.62534, -81.17348 Guale 1568–1570 [8]
Guatari[B] Santa Elena 1566–1570 [9]
Ivitachuco at Abosaya[E] Potano 1704–1706 [10]
La Concepción or Santa María de Ayubale Apalachee 1655–1704 [11]
La Concepción de Atoyquime or Atoquime Jororo 1693–1697 [12]
La Encarnación a la Santa Cruz de Sábacola or Santa Cruz de Sábacola El Menor 30.80585, -84.87636 Apalachicola 1674–1677 [13]
La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato (Likely the successor to Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato.) St. Augustine 1620s–1702 [14]
La Purificación de Tama or Nuestra Señora de Candelaria de Tama[F] 30.43251, -84.27395 Apalachee 1675–1704 [15]
Mission to the Calusa Calusa 1697 [16]
Nombre de Dios 29.90378, -81.31636[17] St. Augustine 1566–1587 [18]
Nuestra Señora de la Soledad y San Luís Pensacola 1718–1740s [19]
Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe de Tolomato[D][G] Guale 1587–1597, 1605–? [20]
Ospo or Talapo[B] Guale 1595–1606 [21]
"Our Lady of Guadaloupe" (on St. Joseph Bay)[H] Pensacola 1701–1704 [22]
Palica[B] St. Augustine Early 18th century [23]
San Antón de Carlos 26.42176, -81.86444[24] Calusa 1567–1569 [25]
San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape 29.4335, -81.65423 [26] Agua Dulce 1587–1655 [27]
Señor San Antonio de Anacape/Enacape[I] 29.4335, -81.65423 St. Johns River 1680–1699 [28]
San Antonio de Bacuqua 30.50709, -84.23808[29] Apalachee After 1657–1704 [30]
San Antonio de los Chines Apalachee 1694–1704 [31]
San Antonio de Punta Rasa 30.45382, -87.099 Pensacola 1749–1761 [32]
San Augustín de Urihica Northern Utina 1630-1657 [33]
San Blás de Avino 29.29626, -81.9168[34] Acuera 1612–1620s [35]
San Buenaventura de Guadalquini (moved to St. Johns River as Santa Cruz de Guadalquini) 31.13393, -81.39363[36] Guale/Mocama 1606-1684 [37]
San Buenaventura de Potano 29.49639, -82.2304[38] Potano 1608–1613 [39]
San Carlos de Borromeo (in Achercatane or Yatcatane) Chacato 1674–1675 [40]
San Carlos de los Chacatos[J] Apalachee 1675–1683 or later [41][42]
San Carlos de Çabacola[K] Apalachicola before 1686-1690 [43]
San Cosme y San Damián de Cupaica or Cupahica, Escambi, or Escabi[L] Apalachee 1639–1704 [44]
San Diego de Helaca/Laca, later moved to San Diego de Salamototo (on St. Johns River) 30.03227, -81.66331[45][46] (on St. Johns River as San Diego de Salamatoto) Acuera 1645–1689 [47]
San Diego de Satuache 31.89, -81.20083 Guale 1616–1675 [48]
San Felipe de Alabe[M] Guale 1616–1655 [49]
San Felipe (on Cumberland Island) Mocama 1675–1678 [50]
San Felipe (on Amelia Island) Mocama 1689–1702 [51]
San Francisco de Chuaquin Arapaha 1655–1657 [52]
San Francisco de Oconi[N] Apalachee 1655–1704 [53]
San Francisco de Potano 29.72993, -82.44179[54] Potano 1607–1706 [55]
San Ildefonso de Chamini/Chamile Arapaha 1655–1657 [52]
San Joseph de Escambe or San José de Escambe 30.71891, -87.30174 Pensacola 1741–1761 [56][57]
San Joseph de Jororo 28.14541, -81.07598 Jororo 1693–1679 [58]
San Joseph de Ocuya or San José de Ocuya Apalachee 1655–1704 [59]
San Joseph de Sapala or San José de Zapala
( Sapelo Island) 		31.51544, -81.24218[60] Guale 1616–1684 [61]
San Juan de Aspalaga Apalachee 1655–1704 [62]
San Juan (de) Guacara (on the Suwannee River) 30.1341, -83.13402[63] Northern Utina 1612–1689 [64]
San Juan del Puerto 30.42801, -81.42546 Mocama 1587–1702 [65]
San Julian Agua Dulce 1598–1602 [66]
San Lorenzo de Ibihica Ibi 1612–1630 [67]
San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco 30.34583, -83.87488[68] Apalachee 1612(?)–1704 [69]
San Luis de Acuera/Avino Agua Dulce 1616–1655 [70]
San Luis de Apalachee
or San Luis de Talimali[O] 		30.44865, -84.32005[71] Apalachee 1633(?)–1704 [72]
San Luis de Eloquale 29.23823, -81.96749[73] Acuera Unknown [74]
San Martín de Timucua/Ayacutu/Ayaocuto 29.95341, -82.77498[75] Northern Utina 1610–1659 [76]
San Martín de Tomole Apalachee 1655–1704 [77]
San Matheo de Tolapatafi Yustaga 1656–1689 [78]
San Miguel de Asile 30.34246, -83.82431[79] Yustaga 1651–1689 [80]
San Miguel de Potano Potano Unknown [81]
San Nicolás de Tolentino Chacato 1674–1675 [82]
San Nicolás de Los Chatos[P] Apalachicola 1689 [83]
San Pedro de Atulteca
or San Felipe de Athulteca[Q] 		Guale 1616–1695 [84]
San Pedro de Mocama (Cumberland Island) 30.75415, -81.47263[85][86] Mocama 1587–1655(?) [87]
San Pedro de los Chines Apalachee 1677(?)–1689(?) [88]
San Pedro de Medellin[R] Apalachee 1681 [89]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Patale[S]
or San Pedro de Patali 		30.46661, -84.15007 Apalachee 1655–1704 [90]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Potohiriba
or San Pedro de Potohiriba 		30.36537, -83.48464 Yustaga 1630–1705 [91]
San Pedro y San Pablo de Puturiba(to) Guale 1597(?)–1604(?) [92]
San Salvador de Mayaca Mayaca 1655, 1680–1701 [93]
San Sebastian St. Augustine 1587–1601 or 1602 [94]
Santa Ana de Potano[T] Potano Uncertain [95]
Santa Catalina de Ajoica or Afuica, Ahoica, Ahojica, Nihoica, or Nihayca Northern Utina 1655–1685 [96]
Santa Catalina de Guale (St. Catherines Island,
Sapelo Island and Amelia Island, in succession) 		31.62534, -81.17348 Guale 1595–1597,
1602–1702		 [97]
Santa Catalina or Santa María de Guale 30.57008, -81.45583[98][99][100] Mocama 1689–1702 [101]
Santa Catarina de Guale St. Augustine 1711–1717 [101]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Sapelo River) Guale 1595–1597 [102]
Santa Clara de Tupiqui (Amelia Island) Mocama c. 1616 [103]
Santa Cruz de Cachipile 30.66337, -83.20622

[104]

Arapaha 1655–1657 [52]
Santa Cruz de Guadalquini
(Moved from San Buenaventura de Guadalquini) 		30.44419, -81.46259[36] Mocama 1684–1695 [105][106]
Santa Cruz de Ytuchafun or Ychuntafun Capoli
or Santa Cruz y San Pedro de Alcantara de Ychuntafun 		Apalachee 1672–1704 [107]
Santa Cruz de Tarihica Northern Utina 1612–1695 [108]
Santa Elena de Machaba Yustaga 1655–1705 [109]
Santa Fe de Toloca/Teleco/Toloco 29.92456, -82.50545 Potano 1616–1702 [70]
Santa Isabel de Utinahica Unknown[U] 1616 [110]
Santa Lucia de Acuera 29.09504, -81.90663[111] Acuera 1655 [112]
Santa María de Bacuqua Apalachee 1640–1657 [113]
Santa María de Loreto Tequesta 1743 [114]
Santa María de los Angeles de Arapaha Arapaha 1630–1657 [115]
Santa María de los Yamasee
or Santa María de Guale 		Mocama 1675 [116]
Santa Rosa de Ivitanayo Yustaga 1680s [117]
Santiago de Oconi
(near the Okefenokee Swamp) 		Oconi Early 16th century - 1655 [118]
Santo Domingo de Asao[V]
or Santo Domingo de Talaje[W] 		31.36433, -81.41751 [119](on the mainland) Guale 1595(?)–1680s [120]
Santo Domingo (Napa or Napoyca) Mocama 1602 [121]
Tequesta[B] 25.77588, -80.1919 Tequesta 1567–1570 [122]
Tocoy[B] Aqua Dulce 1602–1606 [66]
Tupiqui[B][D] Guale 1569–1570 [8]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Documentation of when missions were active is incomplete. Years listed in this column may not represent either the earliest or the latest year in which a mission was in use.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Place name. Mission name unknown.
  3. ^ Assumpción served Amacano, Chine, and Pacara people living in Apalachee Province.
  4. ^ a b c Espogache, Tolomato, and Tupiqui were neighboring towns in Guale which seem to have merged, or to have hosted the mission of Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe in sequence.
  5. ^ Refugees from San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco tried to settle here, but were driven on to St. Augustine by Muscogee and other raiders.
  6. ^ La Purificación served Yamassee people living in Apalachee Province.
  7. ^ Some residents of the mission may have moved to La Natividad de Nuestra Señora de Tolomato near St. Augustine.
  8. ^ A short-lived Spanish lookout post on St. Joseph Bay had two churches, one for the Spanish, and one for Chacatos living in the area.
  9. ^ The second San Antonio mission served Yemasee people at the same site as the earlier Agua Dulce mission.
  10. ^ San Carlos de Los Chacatos served Chacato people.
  11. ^ San Carlos de Çabacola served people from Sabacola and may have served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Nicolás de Los Chatos.
  12. ^ Moved to San Damián de Ilcombe after 1686.
  13. ^ San Felipe may have merged with San Pedro de Atulteca.
  14. ^ The mission was in an Apalachee village with no connection to either the Timuqua Oconi or the Hitchiti Oconee.
  15. ^ The mission was at Xinayca (also called Nixaxipa) until 1656.
  16. ^ San Nicolás de Los Chatos served Chacato people. The mission may have been near San Carlos de Çabacola.
  17. ^ The Atulteca mission had moved to Cumberland Island by 1675, then to Amelia Island by 1695.
  18. ^ San Pedro served Chine people living in Apalachee Province.
  19. ^ The mission may have moved more than once.
  20. ^ Hann indicates that historical mentions of a mission at Santa Ana are unreliable.
  21. ^ Santa Isabel was located somewhere in the southern part of the Altamaha River basin, northeast of the mission at Santa Cruz de Tarihica.
  22. ^ Originally by the Altamaha River on the mainland, Santo Domingo moved to St. Simon's Island by 1675.
  23. ^ Asao and Talafe were distinct towns that were later merged. Both names of the mission were used at various times.

References

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  1. ^ Hann 1990, p. 468.
  2. ^ "AJACAN Mission of Spanish La Florida". flspmissions.tripod.com. Retrieved 2024-08-29.
  3. ^ a b Hann 1990, p. 430.
  4. ^ Gannon 1983, p. 63.
  5. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 509–510.
  6. ^ Milanich 1995, p. 176.
  7. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 447–449.
  8. ^ a b Hann 1990, p. 429.
  9. ^ Hann 1990, p. 432.
  10. ^ Hann 1990, p. 513.
  11. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 447–478.
  12. ^ Hann 1990, p. 509.
  13. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 494–495.
  14. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 501–502.
  15. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 489–490.
  16. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 511–513.
  17. ^ "Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084". Mission Nombre de Dios Museum · 89 A1A Scenic and Historic Coastal Byway, St. Augustine, FL 32084. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  18. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 426–427.
  19. ^ Worth, John E. "Persacola Colonial Frontiers Project". Faculty Homepage: Dr. John E. Worth. Retrieved July 5, 2024.
  20. ^ Hann 1990, p. 445.
  21. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 449–450.
  22. ^ Saccente & White 2015, pp. 301–302.
  23. ^ Hann 1990, p. 431.
  24. ^ Marquardt, William; Newsom, Lee Ann; Thompson, Victor (2020-01-01). "Discovering San Antón de Carlos: The Sixteenth-Century Spanish Buildings and Fortifications of Mound Key, Capital of the Calusa". Historical Archaeology.
  25. ^ Hann 1990, p. 427.
  26. ^ "UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. pp. 272–273. Retrieved 2024-12-08.
  27. ^ Hann 1990, p. 439.
  28. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 504–506.
  29. ^ Kinni, Natalie (2023). Closing the Gap between Archaeologist-Collector Collaboration (Report). Florida State University Libraries. pp. 38, 42. Retrieved August 26, 2024.
  30. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 482–483.
  31. ^ Hann 1990, p. 491–492.
  32. ^ "John Worth Faculty Homepage - PCF Project - Mission San Antonio". pages.uwf.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  33. ^ Hann 1990, p. 470.
  34. ^ "UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  35. ^ Boyer 2009, pp. 46–47.
  36. ^ a b Ashley, Keith H.; Rolland, Vicki L.; Thunen, Robert L. (2013). "Missions San Buenaventura and Santa Catalina de Guadalquini: Retreat from the Georgia Coast". In Thompson, David V.; Thomas, David Hurst (eds.). Life Among the Tides: Recent Archaeology on the Georgia Bight. New York: American Museum of Natural History. pp. E–book, unpaged. doi:10.5531/sp.anth.0098. ISSN 0065-9452.
  37. ^ Hann 1990, p. 442.
  38. ^ Willet A. Boyer III; Dennis Blanton; Gary Ellis; Rochelle Marrinan; Jeffrey M. Mitchem; Marvin T. Smith; John E. Worth (2022). ""Then Potano": Archaeological investigations at the Richardson and White Ranch sites in northern-central Florida" (PDF). doi:10.1080/0734578X.2022.2033449. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-08-16.
  39. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 459–460.
  40. ^ Hann 2006, p. 29.
  41. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 492–493.
  42. ^ Hann 2006, pp. 27, 46.
  43. ^ Hann 2006, pp. 46–47.
  44. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 483–485.
  45. ^ "Scenic Highway Archaeological Sites | William Bartram Scenic and Historic Highway". Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  46. ^ "The Landings at St. Johns (Active Adult), a request to rezone approximately 581 acres of land from Open Rural and Residential, Single Family to Planned Unit Development to allow for a maximum 761 age-restricted single family homes" (PDF). pp. 96, 99, 124–125.
  47. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 488, 502–504.
  48. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 466–467.
  49. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 467–468.
  50. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 498–499.
  51. ^ Hann 1990, p. 499.
  52. ^ a b c Hann 1990, p. 471.
  53. ^ Hann 1990, p. 478.
  54. ^ "CMAP - Fox Pond". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  55. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 458–459.
  56. ^ "John Worth Faculty Homepage - PCF Project - Mission San Joseph de Escambe". pages.uwf.edu. Retrieved 2024-06-30.
  57. ^ Worth, John E.; Harris, Norma J.; Melscher, Jennifer (2011), "San Joseph de Escambe: A 18th-Century Apalachee Mission in the West Florida Borderlands" (PDF), 2011
  58. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 507–509.
  59. ^ Hann 1990, p. 479.
  60. ^ Jeffries, Richard W.; Moore, Christopher (2009). In Search of Mission San Joseph de Sapala: Mission Period Archaeological Research on Sapelo Island, Georgia 2003-2007. pp. 52–53.
  61. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 456–458.
  62. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 479–480.
  63. ^ "CMAP - Baptizing Spring". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  64. ^ Hann 1990, p. 462.
  65. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 436–437.
  66. ^ a b Hann 1990, p. 451.
  67. ^ Hann 1996a, pp. 153–154.
  68. ^ Messer, Haley (2016). "Analysis of Cultural Materials from Mission San Lorenzo de Ivitachuco (8JE100)". Florida State University Libraries: 35 – via FSU Digital Repository.
  69. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 476–477.
  70. ^ a b Hann 1990, p. 460.
  71. ^ "Mission San Luis · 2100 W Tennessee St, Tallahassee, FL 32304". Mission San Luis · 2100 W Tennessee St, Tallahassee, FL 32304. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  72. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 485–486.
  73. ^ "UF Digital Collections". ufdc.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  74. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 469–470.
  75. ^ "CMAP - Fig Springs". cmap.floridamuseum.ufl.edu. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  76. ^ Hann 1990, p. 461.
  77. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 486–487.
  78. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 474–475.
  79. ^ Slade, Alissa (2006). "Analysis of Artifacts and Archaeology at 8JE106, a Spanish Mission Site in Florida". Florida State University Libraries: 15, 34–42 – via FSU Digital Repository.
  80. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 475–476.
  81. ^ Hann 1990, p. 459.
  82. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 493–494.
  83. ^ Hann 1990, p. 494.
  84. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 464–466.
  85. ^ Hellman, Robert (2007). Archaeological Investigations at Dungeness Historical District: Cumberland Island National Seashore (PDF) (Report). Southeastern Archaeology Conference. p. 33. Retrieved August 24, 2024.
  86. ^ Rock, Carolyn (May 1, 2010). "The San Pedro Mission Village on Cumberland Island, Georgia" (PDF). Journal of Global Initiatives: 87.
  87. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 437–438.
  88. ^ Hann 1990, p. 491.
  89. ^ Hann 2006, pp. 25–27.
  90. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 480–482.
  91. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 473–474.
  92. ^ Hann 1990, p. 438.
  93. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 487, 506–507.
  94. ^ Hann 1990, p. 435.
  95. ^ Milanich 1995, p. 187.
  96. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 471–473.
  97. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 440.
  98. ^ "Florida Sites". Historical Archaeology. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  99. ^ "The Doctrina of Santa Catalina de Guale at Santa Maria on Amelia Island (1686-1702) Historical Background and Mortuary Analysis - Publication | Amelia Island Museum of History". ameliaisland.pastperfectonline.com. Retrieved 2024-08-27.
  100. ^ Partridge, Dennis (2021-06-29). "Harrison Cemetery — Amelia Island Genealogical Society". Retrieved 2024-08-27.
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  102. ^ Hann 1990, p. 446.
  103. ^ Hann 1990, p. 499–500.
  104. ^ "Borderland Conferences". Aucilla Research Institute. Retrieved 2024-08-24.
  105. ^ Hann 1996a, pp. 270–71.
  106. ^ Milanich 1999a, p. 174.
  107. ^ Hann 1990, p. 489.
  108. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 462–463.
  109. ^ Hann 1990, p. 474.
  110. ^ Hann 1990, p. 463.
  111. ^ Boyer 2017, p. ?.
  112. ^ Hann 1990, p. 487.
  113. ^ Hann 1990, p. 482.
  114. ^ Milanich 1995, p. 230.
  115. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 470–471.
  116. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 497–498.
  117. ^ Hann 1990, p. 502.
  118. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 463–464.
  119. ^ "Archaeological excavations at the Darien Bluff site, 9MC10 1952-1953" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-07-07.
  120. ^ Hann 1990, pp. 443–445.
  121. ^ Hann 1990, p. 452.
  122. ^ Hann 1990, p. 428.

Sources

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Further reading

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