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List of off-season Australian region tropical cyclones

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Cyclone Billy–Lila near peak strength off the western coast of Australia on 10 May 1986

An off-season Australian tropical cyclone is a tropical cyclone that existed in the Australian Region, between 90°E and 160°E, outside of the official season. The World Meteorological Organization currently defines the season as occurring between 1 November and 30 April, of the following year, which is when the majority of all tropical cyclones exist. During the off-season, systems are more likely to either develop during or persist until May, with approximately 52% of such storms occurring during that month. Occasionally, however, storms develop in October, with approximately 34% of such storms occurring during that month. As of 2022, there have been 94 tropical cyclones known to have occurred off-season.

Off-season cyclones are most likely to occur in the Coral Sea, with most affecting land in some way. Cumulatively, at least 4 deaths occurred due to the storms, the most recent off-season storm was a Tropical Cyclone 01U in July 2022.

Systems

[edit]

The wind speeds listed are maximum ten-minute average sustained winds, while the pressure is the minimum barometric pressure, both of which are estimates taken from the archives of either Météo-France, the Australian Bureau of Meteorology, the Fiji Meteorological Service, and New Zealand's MetService. If there are no known estimates of either the winds or pressure then the system is listed as "Not specified" under winds or pressure, if there is no known estimated winds or pressure. For deaths and damages "None" indicates that there were no reports of fatalities, although such storms may have impacted land. The damage totals are the United States dollar of the year of the storm.

Name Dates Peak intensity Areas affected Damage
(USD) 		Deaths Refs
Category Wind speed Pressure
Unnamed 4 – 8 May 1898 Not specified Not specified Not specified N/A N/A N/A
Unnamed 7 – 10 July 1904 Not specified Not specified Not specified New South Wales None None [1]
Unnamed 25 April – 2 May 1908 Not specified Not specified Not specified Western Australia, Tasmania None None [2]
Unnamed 27 April – 2 May 1908 Not specified Not specified Not specified Indonesia None None [3]
Unnamed 11–16 July 1912 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [4]
Unnamed 14–20 May 1919 Not specified Not specified Not specified New Zealand None None [5]
Unnamed 1–2 July 1921 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [6]
Unnamed 20–28 July 1921 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [7]
Unnamed 1–6 October 1921 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland, New Zealand None None [8]
Unnamed 1–7 June 1925 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [9]
Unnamed 1–6 May 1926 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [10]
05U 15–20 May 1926 Not specified Not specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [11][12]
Unnamed 1–4 June 1929 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [13]
09U 13–17 June 1929 Not specified Not specified 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None None None [11]
Unnamed 1–4 July 1932 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [14]
Unnamed 1–4 July 1934 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [15]
06U 24–27 May 1935 Not specified Not specified 1002 hPa (29.59 inHg) None None None [11][16]
Unnamed 30 August – 3 September 1935 Not specified Not specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [17]
03U 28–30 May 1941 Not specified Not specified 999 hPa (29.50 inHg) Queensland None None [11]
09U 29 April – 1 May 1948 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [11]
01U 26–28 October 1952 Not specified Not specified 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) None None None [11][18]
20U 30 April – 1 May 1956 Not specified Not specified 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) None None None [11]
01U 29–30 August 1956 Not specified Not specified Not specified None None None [11]
02U 26 October – 1 November 1956 Not specified Not specified 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) None None None [11]
32P 4–15 June 1958 Not specified Not specified 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia
New Zealand		 None None [19]
18U 4–12 June 1958 Not specified Not specified 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) Queensland None None [20]
33P 19–22 June 1958 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [21]
24P 24–29 May 1960 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [22]
15U 15–21 July 1960 Not specified Not specified 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None [11]
49P 3–9 May 1963 Not specified Not specified Not specified Solomon Islands, Queensland None None [23]
32U 2–9 May 1963 Not specified Not specified 1007 hPa (29.74 inHg) Solomon Islands, Queensland None None [11][24]
33U 6–13 May 1963 Not specified Not specified 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) None None None [11]
34U 7–8 May 1963 Not specified Not specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) None None None [11]
35U 7–14 May 1963 Not specified Not specified 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu
New Caledonia		 None None [11][25]
53P 10–12 May 1963 Not specified Not specified Not specified New Caledonia None None [26]
37U 22–25 June 1963 Not specified Not specified 1,001 hPa (29.56 inHg) New Caledonia None None [11][27]
38U 23 June – 4 July 1963 Not specified Not specified 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) New Caledonia None None [11][28]
Esther 26 April – 2 May 1969 Not specified Not specified 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Papua New Guinea None None [29]
Lulu 4–9 May 1970 Unknown Unknown 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Western Australia None None [30]
32P 22–23 June 1970 Not specified Not specified Not specified None None None [31]
Hannah 7–11 May 1972 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea None None [32]
Ida 30 May – 1 June 1972 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia [33]
Marcelle 29 April – 9 May 1973 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) South-Western Australia None None [34]
02P 8–14 July 1973 Not specified Not specified Not specified Queensland None None [35]
Marcia 17–25 October 1974 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) Cocos Island None None [36]
Unnamed 17–19 October 1974 Tropical depression Not specified Not Specified None None None [36]
Norah 28 October – 4 November 1974 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Christmas Island, Cocos Island None None [37]
Denise 19–25 May 1975 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) Cocos Island Minor None [38]
Carol 3–9 May 1976 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [39]
Verna 28 April – 3 May 1977 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 130 km/h (80 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Northern Territory None None [40]
Kevin 2–12 May 1979 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) None None None [41][42]
Paddy 25–30 May 1981 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 973 hPa (28.73 inHg) Western Australia None None [43]
Alex 19–27 October 1981 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 964 hPa (28.47 inHg) None None None [44]
Claudia 13–18 May 1982 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands None None [45][46]
Naomi 21 April – 2 May 1983 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) None None None [47]
Oscar 22 October – 1 November 1983 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 140 km/h (85 mph) 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) None None None [48]
Billy –
Lila		 5–12 May 1986 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 175 km/h (110 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Western Australia None None [49][50]
Namu 15–22 May 1986 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 150 km/h (90 mph) 960 hPa (28.35 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia $20 million 63-150 [51]
Meena 1–10 May 1989 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Cape York Peninsula None None [52][53]
Ernie 9 – 13 May 1989 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Vanuatu, Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea Unknown Unknown [54][55]
02S 14–16 July 1989 Tropical cyclone Not specified Not specified None None None [56][57]
Lisa 7–11 May 1991 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Solomon Islands, Vanuatu None None [58][59]
Adel 11 – 16 May Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 970 hPa (28.64 inHg) Papua New Guinea Minimal 3 [60][61]
Willy 26 April – 1 May 1994 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Cocos Islands None None [62][63]
Jenna 1 – 6 May 1996 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 984 hPa (29.06 inHg) None None None
Unnamed 30 April – 5 May 1996 Tropical low 85 km/h (50 mph) Not specified Queensland None None
Rhonda 10–16 May 1997 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 175 km/h (110 mph) 935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Cocos Island, Western Australia None None [64][65]
Lindsay 9 – 13 July 1996 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [66]
Melanie –
Bellamine		 28 October – 1 November 1997 Category 2 tropical cyclone 95 km/h (60 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [67]
Zelia 7–10 October 1998 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [68]
26F 20–27 May 1999 Tropical depression 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Queensland, New Zealand [69][70]
20F 26 April – 2 May 2000 Tropical depression 95 km/h (60 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Queensland [71][72][73]
21F 28 April – 2 May 2000 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1000 hPa (29.53 inHg) Queensland [71][72][73]
Alex – Andre 26–31 October 2001 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) None None None [74]
Errol 8–14 May 2002 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None [75]
Upia 21 – 29 May 2002 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Budelun Island Unknown Unknown [76][citation needed]
Epi 5 – 6 June 2003 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 993 hPa (29.32 inHg) Papua New Guinea Unknown Unknown [77]
Phoebe 1 – 5 September 2004 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) None None None [78]
Pierre 15 – 23 May 2007 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands, Papua New Guinea
Torres Straits		 Unknown Unknown [79]
01U/01S 26 July – 1 August 2007 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) None None None [80]
Kirrily 18 April – 1 May 2009 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) Indonesia Unknown Unknown [81]
24U 10 – 18 May 2009 Tropical low 45 km/h (30 mph) 1009 hPa (29.80 inHg) None None None
Anggrek 28 October – 4 November 2010 Tropical low 75 km/h (45 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Cocos (Keeling) Islands None None [nb 1][82]
19S 7 – 14 May 2012 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) Indonesia, East Timor None None
21P 27 – 30 June 2012 Category 1 tropical cyclone 55 km/h (35 mph) 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) None N/A None [83]
Zane 27 April – 1 May 2013 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 981 hPa (28.97 inHg) Papua New Guinea, Queensland None None [11]
Quang 27 April – 1 May 2015 Category 4 severe tropical cyclone 185 km/h (115 mph) 950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Western Australia Minor None [84]
Raquel 30 June – 5 July 2015 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands Significant 1 [85][86][87]
Frances 21 April – 1 May 2017 Category 3 severe tropical cyclone 120 km/h (75 mph) 980 hPa (28.94 inHg) Papua New Guinea, Indonesia
East Timor		 None None [88]
Greg 29 April – 1 May 2017 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) None None None [89]
Lili 4 – 11 May 2019 Category 1 tropical cyclone 75 km/h (45 mph) 997 hPa (29.44 inHg) Eastern Indonesia, East Timor, Top End Unknown Unknown [90]
Ann 9 – 18 May 2019 Category 2 tropical cyclone 100 km/h (65 mph) 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Queensland None None [91]
TD 3 – 9 May 2020 Tropical depression 55 km/h (35 mph) 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Western Indonesia, Christmas Island, Cocos Islands None None
Mangga 19 - 23 May 2020 Category 1 tropical cyclone 65 km/h (40 mph) 995 hPa (29.38 inHg) Western Australia Unknown Unknown [citation needed]
TL 31 May 2021 – 4 June 2021 Tropical low Not specified Not specified None None None
Karim 7 – 11 May 2022 Category 2 tropical cyclone 110 km/h (70 mph) 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) None None None [92]
TL 28 – 31 May 2022 Tropical low Not specified 1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Christmas Island, Western Australia None None
01U 26 – 31 July 2022 Category 1 tropical cyclone 85 km/h (50 mph) 994 hPa (29.35 inHg) Cocos Islands None None [93]

Systems by month

[edit]
Number of recorded off-season cyclones by month
Month Number of cyclones
April[nb 2]
15
May
36
June
12
July
12
August
2
September
2
October
12

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Anggrek was declassified as a tropical cyclone during the post storm analysis by the BoM, as gale force winds never extended more than halfway around the system centre.[82]
  2. ^ The April statistic only show those systems that formed during the month and either dissipated on 30 April, or persisted into the off-season.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "1904 Not Named (1904190S33142)". International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 27 May 2022.
  2. ^ 1908 MISSING (1908117S14124) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  3. ^ 1908 MISSING (1908119S05134) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  4. ^ 1913 Missing (1912194S18135) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  5. ^ 1919 MISSING (1919135S21155) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  6. ^ 1922 MISSING (1921182S24151) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 17 May 2017.
  7. ^ 1922 MISSING (1921202S16158) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  8. ^ 1922 MISSING (1921275S28156) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  9. ^ 1925 MISSING (1925153S19152) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  10. ^ 1926 MISSING (1926122S21154) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q "Australian Tropical Cyclone Database" (CSV). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. 30 June 2023. Retrieved 30 June 2023. A guide on how to read the database is available here.
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  13. ^ 1929 MISSING (1929153S26157) (Report). International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship. Retrieved 15 May 2017.
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  91. ^ Courtney, Joseph B (3 April 2023). Tropical Cyclone Ann (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  92. ^ Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (24 June 2022). Tropical Cyclone Karim (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 6 December 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
  93. ^ Courtney, Joseph B; Boterhoven de Haan, Matthew (August 2022). Unnamed Tropical Cyclone 01U (PDF) (Report). Australian Bureau of Meteorology. Archived (PDF) from the original on 31 October 2022. Retrieved 6 December 2022.
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