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Mahfiruz Hatun

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Mahfiruz Hatun
Bornc. 1590
Circassia
DiedTopkapı Palace, Constantinople, Ottoman Empire
Burial
Eyüp Cemetery, Istanbul, Turkey
Consort ofAhmed I
IssueOsman II
Şehzade Bayezid
Şehzade Süleyman
Şehzade Hüseyin
Names
Turkish: Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun
Ottoman Turkish: ماہ فروز خاتون
ReligionSunni Islam

Hatice Mahfiruz Hatun[1] or Mahfiruze Hatun (Ottoman Turkish: ماه فروز خاتون, "Glorious moon" or "Daytime moon" or "Turquoise Moon"; c. 1590 – disputed) was the first consort of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I (r. 1603–17) and the mother of his firstborn son, Sultan Osman II (r. 1618–22).

Biography

Due to the preeminence of Kösem Sultan during Ahmed's reign, there are not many records about her life, but she may have been of Circassian origin.[citation needed] According to academic historiography, the only things definitively known about her is that her name was Mahfiruz and that she died in 1610, if not earlier.[2] While in the past it was thought she could be Greek, this hypothesis has been debunked when it was proven that it was based on an 18th century novel.[3][2][4] While in the past it was thought she could be Greek, this hypothesis was debunked when it was proven that it was based on an 18th century novel.[5][2][6] She was Ahmed's first concubine, and on 3 November 1604 she gave birth to his firstborn, the future Osman II, making Ahmed I the youngest Ottoman sultan to have fathered a child.[7]

Despite this, she was not given the title of Haseki Sultan, which instead was given to Kösem, the most beloved consort of Ahmed and mother of the majority of his children, which deprived Mahfiruz of all power. However, she received the title of Başkadin (mother of the Sultan's eldest living son).

She disappears from the harem records shortly after Osman was born. While it was initially believed that she was disgraced and exiled, it is now believed that she died between 1608 and 1613, and therefore she was never Valide Sultan, because her son ascended the throne only in 1618.[7]

Indeed, records indicate that, during Osman's reign, she was not in any of the Imperial Palaces, not even in the provinces, and that the duties and salary of the Valide Sultan were instead attributed to Osman's wet nurse, the Daye Hatun.[7][8]

Mahfiruz was buried in the Eyüp Cemetery, in a mausoleum built around 1610, which reinforces the theory that she died prematurely.[9][7]

Issue

With Ahmed I, Mahfiruz had at least four sons:[10]

  • Osman II (3 November 1604, Constantinopleı Palace – 20 May 1622, IstanbulConstantinopleı Palace, buried in the Ahmed I Mausoleum, Sultan Ahmed Mosque).[11][12] His father's firstborn and 16th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He was murdered during a janissary revolt on, becoming the first Ottoman sultan to be executed.
  • Şehzade Bayezid (November 1612 - 27 July 1635), executed upon order of his elder half-brother Murad IV in 1635.[13][14]
  • Şehzade Süleyman (c. 1613/1615 – 27 July 1635), executed upon order of his elder half-brother Murad IV in 1635.[15][16]
  • Şehzade Hüseyin (14 November 1614, Constantinople – 1617, Constantinople, Topkapı Palace, buried in Mehmed III Mausoleum, Hagia Sophia Mosque).[17][18]

See also

Annotations

  1. ^
    Her name is also spelt Mahfiruz and Mâh-ı Feyrûz.[19]
  2. ^
    There was an earlier theory of her being Greek named Eudoxia,[20] but this has been refuted, as it was based on an imaginative 18th-century French novel.[2][21]

References

  1. ^ Sakaoğlu, Necdet [in Turkish] (2008). Bu mülkün kadın sultanları: Vâlide sultanlar, hâtunlar, hasekiler, kadınefendiler, sultanefendiler. Oğlak Publications. p. 238. ISBN 978-9-753-29623-6.
  2. ^ a b c d Tezcan 2007, p. 350Thus the available evidence strongly suggests that Osman’s mother had died by 1610 at the latest, if not earlier. The only other thing we know about her is that her name was probably Mahfiruz. That she was Greek and taught Osman Latin, Greek, and Italian are products of the imagination of an eighteenth century French novelist which surprisingly entered Ottoman historiography as facts. Cite error: The named reference "FOOTNOTETezcan2007350" was defined multiple times with different content (see the help page).
  3. ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu, Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları, 4. baskı, Sayfa: 223
  4. ^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85
  5. ^ Necdet Sakaoğlu, Bu Mülkün Kadın Sultanları, 4. baskı, Sayfa: 223
  6. ^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85
  7. ^ a b c d Baki Tezcan (13 September 2010). The Second Ottoman Empire: Political and Social Transformation in the Early Modern World. Cambridge University Press. pp. 115–. ISBN 978-0-521-51949-6.
  8. ^ a b Fındık, Nida (10 December 2015). "Muhteşem Yüzyıl Kösem". Noluyo.tv (in Turkish). Istanbul. Archived from the original on 11 February 2016. Retrieved 7 March 2017.
  9. ^ Peirce 1993, p. 233.
  10. ^ Thomas F. Madden (2016). Istanbul: City of Majesty at the Crossroads of the World. Mahfiruz Sultan bore him four sons...
  11. ^ Şefika Şule Erçetin (28 November 2016). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments:Examinations of Leadership Using Complexity Theory. Springer. p. 77. ISBN 978-3-319-44758-2.
  12. ^ Mustafa Çağatay Uluçay (2011). Padışahların Kadınları ve Kızları. Ötüken, Ankara. p. 78. ISBN 978-9-754-37840-5.
  13. ^ Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Cem Oğuz (1999). Osmanlı: Kültür ve sanat. 10 (in Turkish). ...başka Mehmed , Süleyman , Bayezid ve Hüseyni adlı 4 şehzade doğmuştur...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ Şefika Şule Erçetin (2016). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments. p. 77. He married with his Haseki Mahfiruz Kadın and had princes called Genç Osman (1604), Mehmed (1605), Süleyman (1611), Beyazid (1612) and Hüseyin (1613)
  15. ^ Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Cem Oğuz (1999). Osmanlı: Kültür ve sanat. 10 (in Turkish). ...başka Mehmed , Süleyman , Bayezid ve Hüseyni adlı 4 şehzade doğmuştur...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  16. ^ Şefika Şule Erçetin (2016). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments. p. 77. He married with his Haseki Mahfiruz Kadın and had princes called Genç Osman (1604), Mehmed (1605), Süleyman (1611), Beyazid (1612) and Hüseyin (1613)
  17. ^ Güler Eren, Kemal Çiçek, Cem Oğuz (1999). Osmanlı: Kültür ve sanat. 10 (in Turkish). ...başka Mehmed , Süleyman , Bayezid ve Hüseyni adlı 4 şehzade doğmuştur...{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  18. ^ Şefika Şule Erçetin (2016). Women Leaders in Chaotic Environments. p. 77. He married with his Haseki Mahfiruz Kadın and had princes called Genç Osman (1604), Mehmed (1605), Süleyman (1611), Beyazid (1612) and Hüseyin (1613)
  19. ^ Çakıroğlu, Ekrem (1999). Osmanlılar ansiklopedisi. Yapı Kredi Kültür Sanat Yayıncılık. p. 53. ISBN 978-975-08-0071-9. Hatice Mâhferūza, Mâhferūz, Mâh-e Fay'rūz (Mâh-ı Fey'rûz in Persian means Mâh=Moon and Fay'rūz=daytime shadow.)
  20. ^ İsmail Metin (2010). Osmanlı sarayında cinsel sapkınlıklar. Parşömen Yayınları. p. 179. ISBN 978-605-4452-20-0. Birinci Ahmet'in gözdelerinden ilki Evdoksia idi.
  21. ^ Tezcan, Baki (2002). "The 1622 Military Rebellion in Istanbul : A Historiographical Journey". International Journal of Turkish Studies. University of Wisconsin: 40. Stanford Shaw, the author of an Ottoman history that has been widely used as a textbook and reference work, claims, on the basis of information from an eighteenth-century French novel,84 that the sultan was "[t]rained in Latin, Greek, and Italian by his Greek mother, as well as Ottoman Turkish, Arabic, and Persian."85

Sources

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