National Socialist Party (UK)
National Socialist Party | |
|---|---|
| Secretary | Tom Kennedy |
| Founded | 1916 |
| Dissolved | 1941 |
| Split from | British Socialist Party |
| Merged into | Labour Party |
| Newspaper | Justice |
| Ideology | Social democracy Democratic socialism |
| Political position | Centre-left to left-wing |
The National Socialist Party was a small political party in the United Kingdom, founded in 1916. It originated as a minority group within the British Socialist Party who supported British participation in World War I; while historically linked with the Marxist left, the party broke with internationalism. The National Socialist Party was affiliated to the Labour Party and was eventually absorbed by it.
Origins
[edit]The National Socialist Party was founded by H.M. Hyndman and his followers after his defeat in the leadership elections of the British Socialist Party. They believed that it was desirable to support the United Kingdom in World War I against "Prussian militarism". Although maintaining that they were a Marxist party, after affiliation to the Labour Party in 1918, they renounced vanguardism and saw in the Russian Revolution only the danger that it might weaken the United Kingdom's war effort. The party was grouped around the newspaper Justice.
Three members of the party were elected to Parliament in the 1918 election; Dan Irving and Will Thorne were elected for the Labour Party, and Jack Jones under the National Socialist Party name.[1]
Social Democratic Federation
[edit]In 1919, the group changed its name to the Social Democratic Federation, reverting to the name that the British Socialist Party had used. At one point eleven MPs were members, but after Hyndman died in 1921, the group gradually dissolved into the Labour Party.[2] The party sponsored several candidates at each election until 1924, all of whom ran for Labour. After 1924, its MPs were instead sponsored by their local Labour Party.[3] The party finally disbanded in 1939 due to a lack of funds, although some remaining members formed a "Social Democratic Fellowship".[4]
Other prominent members included Henry W. Lee, Hunter Watts, John Stokes and Joseph Burgess.[1]
Election results
[edit]| Election | Seats won | ± | Total votes | % | Position | Leader |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1918 | 1 / 670
|
|
11,013 (#12) | 0.1% | Henry Hyndman |
1918 UK general election
[edit]| Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position[5] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burnley | Dan Irving | 15,217 | 41.9 | 1 |
| Reading | Lorenzo Quelch | 1,462 | 5.2 | 4 |
| Romford | Arthur Whiting | 2,580 | 14.4 | 3 |
| Silvertown | John Joseph Jones | 6,971 | 51.6 | 1 |
By-elections, 1918-1922
[edit]| Election | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1921 Kirkcaldy Burghs by-election | Tom Kennedy | 11,674 | 53.4 | 1 |
1922 UK general election
[edit]| Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Burnley | Dan Irving | 17,385 | 39.1 | 1 |
| Kirkcaldy Burghs | Tom Kennedy | 12,089 | 48.6 | 2 |
1923 UK general election
[edit]| Constituency | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckingham | Edward J. Pay | 11,824 | 47.0 | 2 |
| Burnley | Dan Irving | 16,848 | 37.8 | 1 |
| Islington South | William Sampson Cluse | 7,764 | 37.0 | 1 |
| Islington West | Frederick Montague | 7,955 | 41.4 | 1 |
| Kirkcaldy Burghs | Tom Kennedy | 14,221 | 54.4 | 1 |
1924 UK general election
[edit]| Election | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Position |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Buckingham | Edward J. Pay | 8,939 | 30.6 | 2 |
| Islington South | William Sampson Cluse | 10,347 | 42.8 | 1 |
| Islington West | Frederick Montague | 10,174 | 45.3 | 1 |
| Kirkcaldy Burghs | Tom Kennedy | 14,038 | 52.7 | 1 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b Max Beer, A History of British Socialism
- ^ Peter Barberis, John McHugh and Mike Tyldesley, Encyclopedia of British and Irish Political Organizations
- ^ Craig, F. W. S. (1975). Minor Parties in British By-elections, 1885-1974. London: Macmillan Press. pp. 104–105.
- ^ "End of the S.D.F.", Manchester Guardian, 2 November 1939, p.3
- ^ Martin Crick, The History of the Social-Democratic Federation, p.332