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Nipper Winmarti

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Nipper Winmarti also recorded as Nipper Winmati (c. 1920 – 1993) was a Pitjantjatjara man who worked as an Aboriginal tracker at the Uluṟu-Kata Tjuṯa National Park where he was also recognised as a traditional owner.[1][2][3] Winmarti worked as a tracker following the death of Azaria Chamberlain in 1980 and believed that baby Azaria had been taken by a dingo; he was the only Aboriginal tracker to give evidence at the first inquest.[4]

Winmarti was present at the hand back of Uluṟu to traditional owners in 1985 and is featured in many images captured that day alongside Sir Ninian Stephen.[5][6]

Biography

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Few early records exist but Winmarti was likely born in Areyonga and he later married Barbara Winmarti (also known as Tjukadoo/Tjikadu) with whom he had four children.[1][2] He also spent much of his life in Curtin Springs and Docker River (Kaltukatjara) with frequent travel made to Uluṟu.[7]

During World War II Winmarti was employed on a 'Native labour gang' near Darwin and was likely there during the Bombing of Darwin.[8][9]

In August 1980 Winmarti was brought in as one of five trackers following the death of Azaria Chamberlain and became that only tracker to give evidence at the first inquest and clearly stated that the baby had been taken by a dingo. He told the Commission "[i]t was the baby the dingo was carrying and as he was trying to climb up the rise of the sand-hill it was really hard for him to climb up" and assured them that he had seen the tracks with [his] own eyes. They had gone and come out [of the tent]".[4] This testimony was widely shared by the media.[10][11][12] At the same inquest he also stated that he believed Lindy Chamberlain was a "poor harmless woman".[13]

Many doubted his claims and, during a later TV interview with Channel 10 (Australia), he told the TV audience that he was a Christian and he did not tell lies.[14]

Winmarti's wife Barbara also worked as a tracker during this incident and agreed with her husband about the presence of a dingo.[4] It is also recorded that, on the night Azaria was taken, Winmarti and Barbara where very distressed and that they "repeated their story several times to anyone who would listen and were both quite upset. They insisted something was very, very wrong".[15]

His testimony being taken so lightly has been seen by many as a failure of the justice system because his evidence as an expert was devalued while flawed forensic evidence was accepted. This was likely due, in part, to that Winmarti gave his evidence in the Pitjantjatjara language and the difficulty of translating this into English.[10] He was not called to give evidence at any further inquests or trial of Lindy or Michael Chamberlain.[16]

On 18 August 1983 Winmarti also worked as a tracker looking for Douglas Crabbe after he drove his truck into the crowded bar of the Inland Motel near Uluṟu.[17]

In 1985 Winmarti was present at the hand back of Uluṟu to traditional owners and accepted ownership of it from the then Governor-General of Australia Sir Ninan Stephen and, as a part of this ceremony Winmarti handed the ownership to his grandson Kiatipi to symbolise ancestral links.[18][19] In coverage around this event Winmarti stated that he wanted to ensure it was called Uluṟu and not Ayers Rock and that Maggie Springs become known as Mutitjulu Waterhole.[20][21][22] He had been a key witness in the land claim.[23]

Winmarti died in 1993 and his death was discussed in Northern Territory Legislative Assembly where Neil Bell spoke about the many times that they had met and all that Winmarti had taught him of Pitjantjara culture. Bell said:[8]

In the last year or so, Nipper became very aware of his increasing frailty. His dignity never diminished during that time. It was as solid as the Rock which defined him and his place in the order of things. In some ways, death loses a little of its sting with the demise of holders of such an ancient and proud tradition. His presence will be felt whenever we look at the Rock and trace with the eye the tracks of the Mala men carved out over centuries.

— Neil Bell, Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, 17 August 1993

Bell had also, in 1977, donated recordings of songs and speech in Pitjantjatjara by Winmarti to AIATSIS.[24]

Gary Cartwright also spoke of Winmarti, who he had met in 1968, in Parliament. He spoke of him with great regard and said of him:[7]

Nipper Winmarti was a great man in both western and Aboriginal ways. He was a symbol of Uluru, as Uluru is a symbol of Australia.

— Gary Cartwright, Northern Territory Legislative Assembly, 19 August 1993

References

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  1. ^ a b "Areyonga 1963 - 1969". Centre for Indigenous Family History Studies. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Aboriginal Census or Population Statistics Giles 1968 - 1969". Centre for Indigenous Family History Studies. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  3. ^ "Northern Territory of Australia. Welfare Ordinance 1953-1955 : Schedule, Welfare Ordinance, Register of Wards". Territory Stories. Sydney: Government Printer. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  4. ^ a b c "Why Australia! Why? [excerpt from Innocence regained: the fight to free Lindy Chamberlain (1989)]" (PDF). Lindy Chamberlain. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  5. ^ "Handback of Uluru to the Anangu people". National Museum of Australia. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  6. ^ "Acknowledging the handback of Uluru–Kata Tjuta". www.indigenous.gov.au. 24 October 2023. Retrieved 28 March 2024.
  7. ^ a b "Debates of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly". Territory Stories. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory. 19 August 1993. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Debates of the Northern Territory Legislative Assembly". Territory Stories. Darwin: Legislative Assembly of the Northern Territory. 17 August 1993. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  9. ^ "Parliamentary record : Part I debates (28 April 1987)". Territory Stories. Darwin: Northern Territory Legislative Assembly. 28 April 1987. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  10. ^ a b "Dingo's tracks led into tent, Azaria inquiry told". The Canberra Times. Vol. 60, no. 18, 517. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 13 June 1986. p. 17. Retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  11. ^ "Dingo theory supported". The Canberra Times. Vol. 60, no. 18, 516. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 12 June 1986. p. 3. Retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  12. ^ "Evidence on dingo's burden examined Tracker unsure of object". The Canberra Times. Vol. 60, no. 18, 515. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 11 June 1986. p. 7. Retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  13. ^ "Rock rangers need not appear: Morling". Centralian Advocate. 18 June 1986. p. 6.
  14. ^ "Rowan Dalglesh, Nipper Winmarti and Channel 10". Archives Navigator. 5 May 1983. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  15. ^ "Inquiry will hear Uluru evidence 'suppressed'". The Canberra Times. Vol. 60, no. 18, 514. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 10 June 1986. p. 1. Retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  16. ^ "Devil dingo legend goes to inquiry". Centralian Advocate. 11 June 1986. p. 18.
  17. ^ Advocate staff reporters (19 August 1983). "Ayers Rock carnage: four dead as truck crashes into motel". Centralian Advocate. p. 1.
  18. ^ Legge, Kate (25 October 2020). "From the Archives, 1985: Uluru handed back to its traditional owners". The Age. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  19. ^ "Handback of Uluru to traditional custodians commemorated". ABC News. 25 October 2015. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  20. ^ Falconer, Rebecca (30 September 2005). "Chief Minister Tuxworth copped a roasting: the day the rock became Uluru". Centralian Advocate. p. 6.
  21. ^ "How they lawyered Uluru". The Canberra Times. Vol. 60, no. 18, 338. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 15 December 1985. p. 40. Retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
  22. ^ Brands, Jenny (30 October 1985). "The rock 'is still for everyone to enjoy...' but, for Nipper's sake - it's Uluru". Centralian Advocate. pp. 6–7.
  23. ^ Australia. Office of the Aboriginal Land Commissioner; Australia. Department of Aboriginal Affairs; Australia. Department of Home Affairs (1980), Uluru (Ayers Rock) National Park and Lake Amadeus/Luritja land claim : report by the Aboriginal Land Commissioner, Justice Toohey to the Minister for Home Affairs, Australian Government Publishing Service, retrieved 2 April 2024 – via National Library of Australia
  24. ^ "Songs and speech in Pitjantjatjara by Nipper Winmati, Areyonga, NT". AIATSIS. 1 January 1977. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
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