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One China principle

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One China principle
Simplified Chinese一个中国原则
Traditional Chinese一個中國原則
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinYīgè Zhōngguó yuánzé
Wade–GilesI-ko Chungkuo yüantse
IPA[ǐkɤ ʈʂʊ́ŋkwǒ yǎntsɤ̌]

The One China principle is the official position of the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the political status of Taiwan and cross-strait relations, and is also an important guideline of its foreign policy. The government of the People's Republic of China pursues Chinese unification based on this principle and has established it as a national policy through the Constitution of China and the Anti-Secession Law.

The standard statement of the Government of the People's Republic of China on the One China Principle is as follows:

There is only one China in the world. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. The government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China.

Guided by its One China principle, the government of the PRC opposes the Republic of China (or Taiwan) from developing diplomatic relations with other countries in the world, or any relations of a state-to-state nature, and opposes Taiwan from participating in the United Nations system and other intergovernmental international organizations. It requires that Taiwan can only participate in non-governmental international organizations under names that do not carry national characteristics, such as "Chinese Taipei" or "Taiwan, China".

This proposition is different from the "One China Principle" of the Republic of China (Taiwan), and has therefore long been not accepted by the government of the Republic of China. Before the 1970s, the ROC government used its "One China Principle" to implement a policy of " no coexistence between Han and traitors" and a closed policy against the government of the People's Republic of China, believing that it had the right to represent China and suppress the international space of the People's Republic of China. However, with the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2758 in 1971 and Nixon's visit to China in 1972, the diplomatic situation on both sides of the Taiwan Strait changed, and the ROC's international diplomatic recognition decreased. With the change of the international situation after the end of the Cold War, the government of the Republic of China has stopped actively competing with mainland China for the right to represent China with the "One China Principle" since the 1990s, and instead emphasized the equality between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait; in contrast, the government of the People's Republic of China has suppressed the international space of the Republic of China with its own "One China Principle".

History

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On October 2, 1949, the Soviet Union recognized the People's Republic of China and became the first country to establish diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China then issued a statement to sever diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. In 1950, Britain, a member of the Western world, took the lead in recognizing the People's Republic of China and severed diplomatic relations with the Republic of China. After that, both sides did not accept dual recognition in the diplomatic field. The Republic of China government severed diplomatic relations with countries that recognized the People's Republic of China as representing China. On the contrary, the People's Republic of China government would never establish diplomatic relations with countries that recognized the Republic of China as representing China.[1]

In 1971, the United Nations General Assembly passed Resolution 2758, which replaced the Republic of China as China's representative in the United Nations. In the international community, after breaking off diplomatic relations with the Republic of China, other countries established diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. In the communiqués on the establishment of diplomatic relations, all countries agreed to the one-China policy proposed by China, that is, "there is only one China in the world, and the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legal government of China." The attitudes towards the status of Taiwan were different in both text and practice.[1]

In 1982, the preamble of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China stated that "Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. It is the sacred duty of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great cause of unifying the motherland." In 2005, the Anti-Secession Law was enacted to codify the one-China policy.[1]

The "One China Principle" of the People's Republic of China has been expressed in different versions, namely the "old three sentences" and the "new three sentences".[1]

Old Three Sentences

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The old three sentences adhere to the "representative theory of this government", which includes the sentence "The government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing all of China." This version is often used in diplomatic occasions, such as when establishing diplomatic relations with other countries and participating in international organizations.[2][1]

The order of the following three clauses varies slightly in different situations.

There is only one China in the world. The government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing all of China. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China's territory.

There is only one China in the world. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. The government of the People’s Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China.

The One China Principle and the Taiwan Question (White Paper) states: "Foreign countries recognize that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legitimate government representing all of China and that diplomatic relations with the Taiwan authorities shall be severed or not established. These are the principles upon which New China establishes diplomatic relations." It also states that this version of the proposition "constitutes the basic meaning of the One China Principle, the core of which is to safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial integrity."[3]

Use

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Since the 2000s, whenever the People's Republic of China established diplomatic relations with other countries, the other governments would "recognize" this version of the "One China Principle" in the communiqués establishing diplomatic relations.[4][5][6][7][8] On August 4, 2000, China’s permanent representative to the United Nations also used this version of the "One China Principle" in a letter to the UN Secretary-General.[9]

On August 4, 2022, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hua Chunying also used this version of the "One China Principle" during a regular press conference, and stressed that "the One China Principle has only one version and one meaning," and "no private insertion of any premise or suffix is ​​allowed, nor is any misinterpretation or distortion."  On May 10, 2024, Yang Tao, Director General of the Department of North America and Oceania of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, also used this version of the "One China Principle" during a briefing, criticizing the United States for "claiming to adhere to the One China policy, but adding the "Taiwan Relations Act" and "Six Assurances to Taiwan" as prefixes and suffixes."[10]

New Three Sentences

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The new three sentences replaced "this government representative said" with "they all belong to China". After the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party Jiang Zemin delivered a speech entitled "Continue to strive for the completion of the great cause of national reunification," the "One China Principle" had a new expression. In January 1998, the government of the People’s Republic of China proposed the "One China Principle" to Taiwan as follows:[11]

There is only one China in the world. Taiwan is a part of China. China's sovereignty and territorial integrity are indivisible.

The "One China Principle" adopted in the 2000s is expressed as follows:[12]

There is only one China in the world. Mainland China and Taiwan belong to one China. China's sovereignty and territorial integrity are indivisible.

This version gradually changed the sentence "The government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing all of China" to "China's sovereignty and territorial integrity cannot be divided" and changed the sentence "Taiwan is a part of China" to "Mainland China and Taiwan belong to one China." Lawyer Chen Changwen believes that the new version changes the relationship from subordinate to equal. This version is mostly used in dealing with cross-strait relations.[12]

The Taiwan Affairs Office of the CCP Central Committee believes that this version of the statement is "a new elaboration of Comrade Jiang Zemin's personal statement on upholding the one-China principle. It not only upholds the consistency of the one-China principle, but also demonstrates the sincerity of striving for peaceful reunification and respect for Taiwan compatriots. It is very inclusive."[13] The White Paper of the Government of the People’s Republic of China, The One China Principle and the Taiwan Question states that the purpose of this version is "to seek and expand the political foundation for cross-strait relations" and that its application is "before reunification, in handling cross-strait affairs, and especially in cross-strait negotiations".[14]

Use

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On the anniversary of Jiang Zemin's speech "Continue to Strive to Promote the Completion of the Great Cause of National Reunification", then-Vice Premier Qian Qichen used this version of the "One China Principle" in his speeches.[15][16][17] In August 2000, Vice Premier Qian Qichen also used this version of the "One China Principle" when meeting with a delegation from the United Daily News Group of Taiwan. In November 2002, Jiang Zemin also used this version of the "One China Principle" in his report to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party.[14] This version of the "One China Principle" was also used in the Anti-Secession Law passed on March 14, 2005. [18]

1992 Consensus

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Main article: 1992 Consensus

The official view of the People's Republic of China is that the 1992 Consensus is a consensus that both sides of the Taiwan Straits uphold the one-China principle and China's reunification.

Content

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Taiwan

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The white paper released by the government of the People's Republic of China states that the Chinese government  "resumes the exercise of sovereignty over Taiwan" on October 25, 1945, and China has therefore legally and factually recovered Taiwan ; after the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, it replaced the Republic of China 's rule over China, completing the regime change in the sense of international law. Therefore, the government of the People's Republic of China, as the sole legitimate government of China, has the right to exercise sovereignty over Taiwan.[19]

The preamble to the 1982 Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates that "Taiwan is part of the sacred territory of the People's Republic of China. It is the sacred duty of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan, to accomplish the great cause of unifying the motherland." The 2005 Anti-Secession Law stipulates that:

There is only one China in the world . The mainland and Taiwan belong to the same China. China's sovereignty and territorial integrity cannot be divided. Maintaining national sovereignty and territorial integrity is the common obligation of all Chinese people, including our compatriots in Taiwan . Taiwan is a part of China. The state will never allow the "Taiwan independence" secessionist forces to split Taiwan from China in any name or by any means.

Upholding the one-China principle is the basis for achieving the peaceful reunification of the motherland .

Realizing the reunification of the motherland through peaceful means is in the best interests of compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. The country will make the greatest sincerity and efforts to achieve peaceful reunification.

After the peaceful reunification of the country, Taiwan can implement a system different from that of the mainland and enjoy a high degree of autonomy.

Position on the Republic of China

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The White Paper of the Government of the People's Republic of China states that the Chinese people, under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party, overthrew the "Republic of China" government in Nanjing and established the People's Republic of China on October 1, 1949. The government of the People's Republic of China became the only legitimate government in China.[20] "Since the Kuomintang ruling group retreated to Taiwan, although its regime continues to use the names of 'Republic of China' and 'Government of the Republic of China', it has long lost the right to exercise national sovereignty on behalf of China and has always been only a local authority on Chinese territory."[21]

Since the 1980s, the government of the People's Republic of China, news media, and publishing organizations have a series of regulations, including prohibitions, when using terms related to government agencies, personnel identities, laws and regulations of the Republic of China. These are so-called Taiwan-related terms. Specifically:[22]

  1. Administrative agencies at all levels below the city and county level (including cities under the jurisdiction of the Yuan) in Taiwan and their relevant personnel can be addressed directly, such as Taipei Mayor Ko Wen-je and New Taipei City Mayor Eric Chu.
  2. Administrative agencies at or above the city and county level in Taiwan (excluding and including cities under the jurisdiction of the Central Government) must be put in quotation marks, and national-level agencies must be handled flexibly. For example, " Governor of Taiwan Province " Lin Hsi-yao, leader of the Taiwan region Tsai Ing-wen, and Taiwan's administrative departments, etc., are generally referred to as the Taiwan region or the Taiwan authorities.
  3. Taiwanese political parties can be referred to directly, such as Kuomintang Chairman Hung Hsiu-chu.
  4. For Taiwan's official non-governmental organizations, quotation marks are required, such as " Taiwan Economic and Cultural Affairs Representative Office in the United States " and " China Travel Service "
  5. Groups and organizations in Taiwan with the words "National" or " Republic of China " should be avoided, and those with the words " China " or " China " should be put in quotation marks as appropriate.
  6. The laws regarding Taiwan are called "regulations", etc. National terms such as passport, extradition, illegal immigration, and white paper also need to be adapted.
  7. Buildings or tourist attractions with national connotations in Taiwan also need to be avoided, such as the Presidential Office being renamed the "Taiwan Regional Leader's Office" (or simply the "Leader's Office") or "××× Office" (such as "Ma Ying-jeou's Office"), and the Taipei Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall being renamed the "Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hall"

In the legal systems of international law and domestic law, the People's Republic of China does not recognize the legal status of the Republic of China. The political view that the Republic of China exists and can represent China is classified as two Chinas, which is Taiwan independence and is illegal in law. The view that the Taiwan authorities are the legitimate regime and a sovereign and independent country is called One China, One Taiwan, which is Taiwan independence.

In non-governmental affairs, limited non-governmental exchanges between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait are allowed through consultation between the Straits Exchange Foundation and the Association for Relations Across the Taiwan Straits, but they cannot be conducted in the official form of the Republic of China.

Taiwan residents

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The 1991 "Regulations on the Administration of Chinese Citizens’ Travel to and from the Taiwan Region" defines Taiwan residents as "Chinese citizens residing in the Taiwan region ". In the legal system of the People’s Republic of China, it is recognized that the vast majority of citizens of the Republic of China are Chinese citizens (citizens of the People’s Republic of China) and have Chinese nationality (nationality of the People’s Republic of China).[23]: 42 

Relations between international organizations and Taiwan

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The White Paper of the Government of the People's Republic of China states that, as the sole legitimate government of China, the Government of the People's Republic of China has the right and obligation to exercise national sovereignty and represent the whole of China in international organizations. Taiwan's attempt to participate in certain international organizations that only sovereign states can participate in is an act of creating "two Chinas".[24]

The Government of the People's Republic of China believes that all agencies and other intergovernmental international organizations of the United Nations system are intergovernmental international organizations attended by representatives of sovereign states, and Taiwan has no right to participate. After the adoption of UN General Assembly Resolution 2758, the issue of China's representation in the United Nations has been completely resolved. The Government of the People's Republic of China opposes "Taiwan's admission into the United Nations" and believes that there is no question of Taiwan joining again.[24]

The Government of the People's Republic of China also believes that Taiwan's membership in the Asian Development Bank under the name of "Chinese Taipei" and in regional economic organizations such as the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) under the name of "Chinese Taipei" is based on the agreements or understandings reached between the Government of the People's Republic of China and relevant parties, which clearly stipulate that the People's Republic of China participates as a sovereign state and Taiwan participates only as a region of China. This is purely a special arrangement and cannot constitute a "model" for other intergovernmental international organizations and international activities to emulate.[24]

The Government of the People's Republic of China also believes that for non-governmental international organizations, relevant organizations on the Taiwan side can only participate under the name of "Taipei, China" or " Taiwan, China" when the corresponding organizations of the People's Republic of China reach an agreement or understanding with the relevant parties and when national organizations in China participate under the name of "China".[24]

Discussion on cross-strait relations

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  • The Message to Compatriots in Taiwan was discussed and adopted at the Fifth Session of the Standing Committee of the Fifth National People's Congress on December 26, 1978, and published on New Year's Day 1979. The message says:[25]

Today, achieving China's reunification is the will of the people and the general trend. The world generally recognizes that there is only one China and that the government of the People's Republic of China is the only legitimate government of China. The recent signing of the Sino-Japanese Treaty of Peace and Friendship and the normalization of Sino-US relations show that the trend is coming and no one can stop it. At present, the motherland is stable and united, and the situation is better than ever before. People of all ethnic groups on the mainland are working together to achieve the great goal of the four modernizations. We earnestly hope that Taiwan will return to the motherland as soon as possible and jointly develop the great cause of nation-building. Our national leaders have expressed their determination to take into account the actual situation and complete the great cause of national reunification. When solving the issue of reunification, they will respect the current situation in Taiwan and the opinions of people from all walks of life in Taiwan, adopt reasonable policies and measures, and not let the people of Taiwan suffer losses. People from all walks of life in Taiwan have also expressed their homesickness and expressed their wish to "recognize and return", put forward various suggestions, and warmly hope to return to the embrace of the motherland as soon as possible. Today, all conditions are conducive to reunification. It can be said that everything is ready. No one should go against the will of the nation, list Taiwan as a country, and go against the trend of history.”

  • On March 26, 1983, Deng Xiaoping, Chairman of the Central Advisory Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, met with Yang Liyu. The main points of the talks were summarized as Deng's Six Points. In 2001, Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po mentioned that Deng Xiaoping said during the talks that "if reunification is possible, the country's name can also be changed."  By 2022, politicians on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, including former Kuomintang Chairman Hung Hsiu-chu, and ordinary Taiwanese people all said that during the Deng Xiaoping era, the PRC had negotiated on the national flag, the country's name, and the national anthem. In fact, the main points of the talks published in the People's Daily on the same day were " the only country that can represent China in the international community is the People's Republic of China." Although Deng's Six Points did not include the view that "the country's name can be changed for reunification," the view that "under the 'one China' principle, everything can be discussed" was generally accepted.[26]
  • In 2002, Chinese Premier Zhu Rongji stated: Mainland China and Taiwan belong to one China.[27]
  • In 2002, Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, stated in his report to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party that under the 'one China' principle, everything can be discussed, and summarized as three things that can be discussed.[28][29]
  • In 2008, Hu Jintao, General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, said: We will never waver in upholding the one-China principle.[30]
  • On December 31, 2008, a symposium commemorating the 30th anniversary of the publication of the " Message to Compatriots in Taiwan " was held in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Hu Jintao delivered a speech: "The practice of the development of cross-strait relations over the past 30 years has taught us that in order to promote the development of cross-strait relations and achieve the peaceful reunification of the motherland, the most important thing is to follow the principle of " peaceful reunification and one country, two systems " and the eight propositions for developing cross-strait relations and promoting the peaceful reunification of the motherland at this stage. We must never waver in upholding the one-China principle, never give up the efforts to strive for peaceful reunification, never change the policy of placing our hopes on the people of Taiwan, never compromise in opposing "Taiwan independence" separatist activities, firmly grasp the theme of peaceful development of cross-strait relations, sincerely seek the well-being of compatriots on both sides of the strait, seek peace in the Taiwan Strait, safeguard national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and safeguard the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation."[31]
  • In December 2012, Taiwan held a forum to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the " 1992 Consensus ". During the meeting, mainland scholars said that once the two sides reach a consensus on " one China, one Chinese representation ", they can negotiate the country's name. In response to the suggestion of negotiating the country's name, Fan Liqing, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the CCP Central Committee and the State Council, reiterated at a regular press conference that "as long as we adhere to one China, the two sides can discuss anything." [32]
  • In 2013, Premier Li Keqiang of the State Council of the People's Republic of China stated: "Both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China, and those living on both sides are brothers and sisters. The word and concept of "fellow countrymen" are deeply rooted in Chinese culture. I believe this is also the root of the Chinese nation's 5,000 years of unending prosperity. As the saying goes, even if bones are broken, the tendons remain connected. There is no knot that cannot be untied between fellow countrymen and brothers."[33]
  • On January 27, 2014, Ma Xiaoguang, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the CCP Central Committee and the State Council, stated: "The two sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China, which is a fact that cannot be changed by any force or person." He also said: "The leaders of the Democratic Progressive Party, out of their own selfish interests, recently went to the international community to promote the idea of ​​'Taiwan independence', and insisted on holding the mindset of confrontation with the mainland, going against the historical trend of the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. This is not only a futile move, but on the contrary, it once again clearly exposes its 'Taiwan independence' nature to the world, and will inevitably end in complete failure."
  • In 2015, when the leaders of both sides of the Taiwan Strait met, Zhang Zhijun relayed Xi Jinping’s four points, emphasizing the "one China principle", upholding the " 1992 Consensus ", and opposing Taiwan independence.[34]
  • On October 18, 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party opened at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. On behalf of the 18th Central Committee, Xi Jinping, General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party, delivered a report to the Congress entitled "Securing a Decisive Victory in Building a Moderately Prosperous Society in All Respects and Striving for the Great Success of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era". In his report, Xi Jinping emphasized that the "1992 Consensus" that embodies the one- China principle clearly defines the fundamental nature of cross-strait relations and is the key to ensuring the peaceful development of cross-strait relations. By recognizing the historical fact of the "1992 Consensus" and acknowledging that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China, the two sides will be able to engage in dialogue and negotiate to resolve issues of concern to compatriots on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, and there will be no obstacles for any political party or group in Taiwan to interact with the mainland.[35][36]
  • On May 20, 2024, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Wang Wenbin stated at a regular press conference, "There is only one China in the world. Taiwan is an inalienable part of China’s territory. The government of the People’s Republic of China is the only legitimate government representing all of China. No matter how the political situation on the island of Taiwan changes, it cannot change the historical and legal fact that both sides of the Taiwan Strait belong to one China, nor can it change the basic pattern of the international community’s adherence to the one-China principle. It still less can it change the historical trend that China will and will inevitably be unified."[37]

References

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  12. ^ a b 陳長文 (2005). "法律並非重心-從法律分析的角度，看反分裂法的法律分析 侷限性". 律師雜誌 Taipei Bar Journal. 309: 29. doi:10.7030/TBJ.200506.0020.
  13. ^ "9、八项主张发表以来，祖国大陆方面如何进一步阐述坚持一个中国原则的立场？". 中共中央台办、国务院台办. 2003-01-01. Archived from the original on 2024-12-22. Retrieved 2024-07-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  14. ^ a b "《一个中国的原则与台湾问题》（白皮书）". 中国政府网. 2003-01-25. Archived from the original on 2024-09-04. Retrieved 2024-07-03. 一九九八年一月，为寻求和扩大两岸关系的政治基础，中国政府向台湾方面明确提出，在统一之前，在处理两岸关系事务中，特别是在两岸谈判中，坚持一个中国原则，也就是坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。中国政府希望，在一个中国原则基础上，双方平等协商，共议统一。 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  15. ^ "人民日报社论：政治谈判是推动两岸关系发展的关键". 人民日报. 1997-01-27. Archived from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-07-03. 在统一之前，在处理两岸关系事务中，特别是在两岸谈判中，坚持一个中国的原则，就是坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分，中国的主权和领土完整不能分割。 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  16. ^ "北京纪念"江八点"7周年 钱其琛发表讲话". 中国新闻网. 2002-01-24. Archived from the original on 2024-12-22. Retrieved 2024-07-03. 我们多次说过，世界上只有一个中国，大陆和台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。这是海峡两岸坚持一个中国原则的共同基点。 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  17. ^ "首都各界举行江泽民主席《为促进祖国统一大业的完成而继续奋斗》重要讲话发表八周年座谈会". 光明网. 2003-01-25. Archived from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-07-03. 钱其琛强调，世界上只有一个中国，大陆和台湾同属一个中国，中国的主权和领土完整不容分割。 {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  18. ^ "反分裂国家法（主席令第三十四号）". 中国政府网. 2005-06-21. Archived from the original on 2024-05-25. Retrieved 2024-07-03. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  19. ^ 国务院新闻办公室. "台湾问题与新时代中国统一事业". 中国政府网. Archived from the original on 2023年12月17日. Retrieved 2023-12-17. 1941年12月9日，中国政府发布对日宣战布告，宣告"所有一切条约、协定、合同，有涉及中日间之关系者，一律废止"，并宣布将收回台湾、澎湖列岛。1943年12月1日，中美英三国政府发表《开罗宣言》宣布，三国之宗旨在使日本所窃取于中国之领土，例如东北、台湾、澎湖列岛等，归还中国。1945年7月26日，中美英三国共同签署、后来苏联参加的《波茨坦公告》，重申"开罗宣言之条件必将实施"。同年9月，日本签署《日本投降条款》，承诺"忠诚履行波茨坦公告各项规定之义务"。10月25日，中国政府宣告"恢复对台湾行使主权"，并在台北举行"中国战区台湾省受降仪式"。由此，通过一系列具有国际法律效力的文件，中国从法律和事实上收复了台湾。1949年10月1日，中华人民共和国中央人民政府宣告成立，取代中华民国政府成为代表全中国的唯一合法政府。这是在中国这一国际法主体没有发生变化情况下的政权更替，中国的主权和固有领土疆域没有改变，中华人民共和国政府理所当然地完全享有和行使中国的主权，其中包括对台湾的主权。由于中国内战延续和外部势力干涉，海峡两岸陷入长期政治对立的特殊状态，但中国的主权和领土从未分割也决不允许分割，台湾是中国领土的一部分的地位从未改变也决不允许改变。 {{cite web}}: Check date values in: |archive-date= (help); Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  20. ^ 国务院新闻办公室. 台湾问题与中国的统一  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 惟当时以蒋介石为首的国民党集团依仗美国的支持，置全国人民渴望和平与建设独立、民主、富强的新中国的强烈愿望於不顾，撕毁国共两党签订的《双十协定》，发动了全国规模的反人民内战。中国人民在中国共产党领导下被迫进行了三年多的人民解放战争，由於当时的国民党集团倒行逆施，已为全国各族人民所唾弃，中国人民终於推翻了南京的"中华民国"政府。一九四九年十月一日成立了中华人民共和国，中华人民共和国政府成为中国的唯一合法政府。国民党集团的一部分军政人员退据台湾。他们在当时美国政府的支持下，造成了台湾海峡两岸隔绝的状态。
  21. ^ 国务院新闻办公室. 一个中国的原则与台湾问题  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource.
  22. ^ "台灣各界紀念孫中山先生逝世90週年". Archived from the original on 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2015-10-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  23. ^ 季烨 (2018). "台湾居民在大陆的同等待遇法律问题刍议". 台湾研究 (in Simplified Chinese) (2018年第3期). 北京: 中国社会科学院台湾研究所: 40–47. ISSN 1006-6683. Archived from the original on 2023-12-26. Retrieved 2023-12-29. {{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  24. ^ a b c d 国务院新闻办公室. 台湾问题与中国的统一  (in Chinese) – via Wikisource. 每个国家的主权是完整的，既不能分割，也不能分享。中华人民共和国政府作为中国的唯一合法政府，有权利也有义务在国际组织中行使国家主权，代表整个中国。台湾当局企图在某些只有主权国家才能参加的国际组织中搞所谓"一国两席"，就是要制造"两个中国"。中国政府坚决反对这种行径。这一原则立场完全符合包括台湾同胞和海外侨胞在内的全中国人民的根本利益。只有在坚持一个中国原则立场的前提下，中国政府才可以考虑，根据有关国际组织的性质、章程规定和实际情况，以中国政府同意和接受的某种方式，来处理台湾参加某些国际组织活动的问题。
    联合国系统的所有机构，是由主权国家代表参加的政府间国际组织。在恢复中华人民共和国在联合国的合法权利后，联合国系统的所有机构都已通过正式决议，恢复中华人民共和国享有的合法席位，驱逐了台湾当局的"代表"。自此，在联合国组织中的中国代表权问题已获得了彻底的解决，根本不存在台湾再加入的问题。需要指出的是，近一个时期来，台湾当局的某些人又为"重返联合国"而大肆鼓噪。十分明显，这是一种妄图割裂国家主权的行径，它无论在法理上或实际上都是行不通的。中国政府相信各国政府和联合国系统的组织会识破这一图谋，不做有损於中国主权的事情。
    其他政府间国际组织，原则上台湾也无权参加。至於亚洲开发银行(ADB)、亚太经济合作组织(APEC)等地区性经济组织，台湾的加入系根据中国政府与有关方面达成的协议或谅解，明确规定中华人民共和国作为主权国家参加，台湾只作为中国的一个地区以"中国台北"(英文在亚行为TAIPEI，CHINA；在亚太经济合作组织为CHINESETAIPEI)的名称参加活动。这种做法属於特殊安排，不能构成其他政府间国际组织及国际活动效仿的"模式"。
    在民间性质的国际组织中，中华人民共和国的相应组织同有关方面达成协议或谅解，在中国的全国性组织以中国的名义参加的情况下，台湾的相应组织可以以"中国台北"(TAIPEI，CHINA)或"中国台湾"(TAIWAN，CHINA)的名称参加。
  25. ^ 告台湾同胞书  – via Wikisource.
  26. ^ "文汇社评：陈水扁倒打一耙的伎俩" (in Simplified Chinese). 香港文汇报 社评. 2001-11-05. Retrieved 2020-04-19. 祖国大陆多次明确表示，在"一个中国"原则下，什么都可以谈。这当然包括两岸统一之后的国号、国旗、国歌等。而邓小平早在八三年会见美国华人学者杨力宇时就曾表示，"问题的核心是祖国统一"，"如果能够统一，国号也可以改"。可见，祖国大陆为了促进两岸和平统一，在祖国统一即"一个中国"的核心原则之下，展示出了极大的诚意和包容性与灵活性。
  27. ^ 刘丽娟. "政府工作报告——2002年3月5日在第九届全国人民代表大会第五次会议上". www.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-12-23. Retrieved 2024-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  28. ^ "张铭清："三个可以谈"拓展两岸政治谈判空间" (in Simplified Chinese). 搜狐网，中国新闻网. 2002-11-27. Archived from the original on 2016-07-11. Retrieved 2019-03-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  29. ^ "张铭清："三个可以谈"拓展两岸政治谈判空间" (in Simplified Chinese). 搜狐网，中国新闻网. 2002-11-27. Archived from the original on 2016-07-11. Retrieved 2019-03-29. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  30. ^ "胡锦涛在全国政协新年茶话会上的讲话（2008年）". www.cppcc.gov.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  31. ^ "胡锦涛在《告台湾同胞书》30周年座谈会讲话全文——中新网". www.chinanews.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-12-21. Retrieved 2024-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  32. ^ "国台办回应两岸可以协商"国号"建议" (in Simplified Chinese). 人民网，来源：中国网. 2012-12-26. Archived from the original on 2019-03-27. Retrieved 2019-03-27. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  33. ^ "最感人回答：大陆与台湾地区 打断骨头连着筋花好总有月圆时--中国人大新闻--人民网". lianghui.people.com.cn. Archived from the original on 2024-12-22. Retrieved 2024-07-02. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help); no-break space character in |title= at position 14 (help)
  34. ^ "張志軍轉述習近平4點意見 堅持九二共識、反對台獨 - 政治 - 自由時報電子報". Archived from the original on 2021-10-02. Retrieved 2015-11-07. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  35. ^ "习近平十九大报告涉台内容意涵解读". Archived from the original on 2017-10-27. Retrieved 2017-10-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  36. ^ "港台解读中共十九大报告:"九二共识"没有模糊空间". Archived from the original on 2017-10-25. Retrieved 2017-10-25. {{cite web}}: Unknown parameter |dead-url= ignored (|url-status= suggested) (help)
  37. ^ "外交部：坚持一个中国原则是国际社会普遍共识". 中华人民共和国中央人民政府. 2024-05-20. Retrieved 2025-04-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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