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Operation Uttaran

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Not to be confused with Operation Dabanal.

Operation Uttaran
Part of Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict
DateSeptember 2001—present
Location
Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh
Status

Ongoing[3]

Belligerents

Government of Bangladesh

Insurgents:
Kuki-Chin National Front

Logistical support:

 India[2]
Commanders and leaders

Previously:

Shantu Larma[8]
Tatindra Lal Marma
Bimal Kanti Chakma
Sadhon Chakma †
Kalomoy Chakma †
Mohan Tripura †
Unumang Royel †

Prasit Bikash Khisa
Tapan Jyoti Chakma †
Anoti Ranjan Chakma †
Anol Bikash Chakma †
Mithun Chakma †
Notun Moni Chakma †
Jhony Tanchangya †
Sunil Bikash Chakma †
Junel Chakma †
Miton Chakma †
Shantimoy Chakma †
Niran Chakma
Rabi Chakma
Angya Marma
Sree Ubamong Marma
Nathan Bom
Cheosim Bom Surrendered
Units involved

Bangladesh Armed Forces

Strength
  • : 80,000[10]
  • : 25,000
  • : 8,000
  • : 1,500
 : 2,000—15,000 (initial phase)[2]
Casualties and losses
Unknown

: 83 killed (initial phase)[11]
: 358 killed (initial phase)[11]

: 6—12 killed[12][13][14]
50—60 captured or arrested (2023—2024)[15][12][13][14]
3,500–25,000 civilians killed (initial phase)[2]
400–900 civilians killed (2014–2019)[2][11]
70,000 externally displaced (initial phase)[2][16]
100,000 internally displaced[16]

Operation Uttaran (Bengali: অপারেশন উত্তরণ, lit. 'Operation Upliftment') is a military operation in the Chittagong Hill Tracts in Bangladesh that has been ongoing since September 2001.[17][18][19][1][20] It replaced Operation Dabanal.[21][22][23][1][18][24]

Background

[edit]
Main article: Operation Dabanal
Shanti Bahini militants in Khagrachhari in 1994

From 1976 to 1978, the Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board was established with several programmes and deployments and a conflict occurred between Bangladeshi security forces and insurgent groups from 1977 to 1997,[25][26] which resulted in thousands of deaths until the Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord in 1997,[27] leading to the end of Operation Dabanal which was launched by the Bangladesh Armed Forces, however the accord was not fully implemented leading to tensions between insurgents and the Bangladeshi government.[2][28][29][1][18][20]

History

[edit]

Operation Uttaran was launched by the caretaker government of Bangladesh in September 2001,[20][18][27][30][1] After the BNP—Jamaat alliance took power in October 2001 after a victory in the 2001 Bangladeshi general election, Bangladeshi security forces expanded its military operation against insurgents in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and Operation Uttaran came into effect.[1][18][31][23] At least one-third of total personnel of the Bangladesh Army were deployed to Operation Uttaran.[10] Operation Uttaran replaced Operation Dabanal and the Bangladeshi administration established de facto military rule in the Chittagong Hill Tracts via Operation Uttaran.[19][32][17][33][34][1][18][20]

Administration

[edit]
See also: Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Board

Under the jurisdiction of Operation Uttaran, Bangladesh Army received 10,000 tons of rice which was used to develop settler villages for Bengali Muslims in the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[35] After the operation was launched, the military maintained control over local resources, education, judiciary and civil administration.[19][30][27][22][25][1] Operation Uttaran allowed the Bangladeshi military and paramilitary to intervene in civil society and political matters in the Chittagong hill tracts.[36][37][1][18][20]

Governance

[edit]

After the establishment of CHTDB, the local administration and military have carried out educational and welfarist campaigns in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the Government of Bangladesh was praised for its pro-development programmes.[25]

Jurisdiction

[edit]

Several operations, development programmes and raids in the Chittagong Hill Tracts are often under the jurisdiction of Operation Uttaran.[38][39]

Deployment

[edit]

Personnel and officers of the Bangladesh Armed Forces were deployed to Operation Uttaran and operations and raids under the jurisdiction of Operation Uttaran and members of law enforcement and paramilitary organizations were also deployed, the 24th Infantry Division of the Bangladesh Army, the Bangladesh Police and 16 battalions of the Bangladesh Ansar are particularly important in the operation but other security organizations and branches have also been deployed to the Chittagong Hill Tracts.[40][20][36][37]

Events

[edit]
Main article: Military history of Bangladesh
  • September 2001 — the then caretaker government of Bangladesh launches Operation Uttaran[27]
  • October 2001 — The Bangladesh Nationalist Party and Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh after a victory in the 2001 Bangladeshi general election, forms a government, and supports Operation Uttaran and as a result, Operation Uttaran comes into effect resulting in massive deployment of troops to the Chittagong Hill Tracts[23]
  • September 2002 — Bangladesh Army arrests militants in Baghmara Union, Roangchari Thana, Baghicharapara, Amtoli, Saopara[30]
  • August 2003 — More than 350 houses of 14 villages in the Chittagong Hill Tracts housing indigenous Jummas are burnt down and attacked and 1 person is killed and 10 women are raped by settlers in those attacks[20]
  • 2004 — Foreign militants from Arakan, Myanmar, abducted a retired Bangladesh Army member and farmer[21]
  • May 2004 — 50 individuals including activists and militants are arrested in Khagrachhari District by Bangladesh Police[20]
  • April 2005 — Militants abducted Bengali workers in Roangchari, Chittagong Hill Tracts[21]
  • May 2005 — Bangladesh Army launches raids in Bandarban[21]
  • 2006 — Clashes occured in Naniarchar between the Bangladesh Army and Shanti Bahini in which the commander of Ghilachhari Camp of Bangladesh Army, Captain Nurul Alam Gazi, was killed[41]
  • 2013—2019 — More than 321 individuals including hundreds of militants and civilians in the Chittagong Hill Tracts were killed and many were abducted or arrested[42]
  • 2016 — 41 individuals including 23 natives and militants and civilians were killed in the Chittagong Hill Tracts[43]
  • December 2017 — 2 UPDF commanders were gunned down in the Chittagong Hill Tracts[43]
  • January—February 2018 — 3 UPDF commanders were gunned down in the Chittagong Hill Tracts[43]
  • March—April 2018 — 5 UPDF militant commanders, 2 PCJSS (MNL) commanders and 2 civilians were gunned down in the Chittagong Hill Tracts[43]
  • May 2018 — The president of UPDF-D, Tapan Jyoti Chakma, and leaders of affiliate organizations were gunned down in the Chittagong Hill Tracts, and almost a dozen UPDF commanders were killed nearby and the chairman of Naniarchar Upazila, Shaktimaan Chakma was also killed[43]
  • January 2019 — Gunfire occurred in Ramgarh, Khagrachhari which resulted in the assassination of a PCJSS-MN Larma commander, Mohan Tripura, in Jagannathpara, Ramgarh, Khagrachhari[44]
  • March 2019 — Shanti Bahini launched a attack on the Bangladesh Police and government, at least 8 policemen and government officials were killed and 16 were injured in the ambush[41]
  • August 2019 — Clashes occurred between the Bangladesh Army and UPDF in Dighinala, Khagrachhari and the clashes led to 3 UPDF militants being killed and the Bangladesh Army launched raids in the area and seized 2 pistols and a few pieces of American equipment with ammunition, and clashes also occurred between the Bangladesh Army and UPDF in Rangamati and the Bangladesh Army assassinated a UPDF commander known as Shantimoy Chakma in retaliation and ambushes also occurred which killed 2 Bangladesh Army personnel and injured 2 Bangladesh Army personnel[41][45]
  • October 2020 — The Bangladesh Army and UPDF clashed in Rangamati and 2 UPDF militants were killed and 1 Bangladesh Army member was injured in the incident[46]
  • March 2022 — Gunfire occurred in Bandarban which resulted in the assassination of a key PCJSS commander, Unumang Royel, a chief collector of PCJSS (MNL)[47]
  • February 2023 — Numerous battles and incidents of gunfire results in 25 deaths and crime incidents results in 23 rapes in the Chittagong Hill Tracts,[11] RAB also arrested 17 radical Islamic militants of Jamaatul Ansar and several KNF members in Bandarban[48]
  • March 2023 — According to reports, a few officers of the Bangladesh Army were killed and army personnel were injured in Bandarban, the incident occurred as a result of gunfire from the Kuki-Chin National Army[49]
  • May 2023 — Two Bangladesh army personnel were killed as a result of explosions of Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) and gunfire from the Kuki-Chin National Army in Bandarban[49]
  • July 2023 — Bangladesh Army and UPDF clashed in Rangamati and a few UPDF militants surrendered and Bangladesh Army seized weapons and German-made equipment[50]
  • December 2023 — Battles and gunfire occurred in Khagrachhari resulting in the assassinations of almost a dozen UPDF commanders and attacks on local BNP and AL members occur, UPDF launches local boycott campaigns and attacks and Bangladeshi security forces eventually cracks down on local militants and UPDF militant hideouts[51][11]
  • January 2024 — Gunfire and 2 battles occur in Khagrachhari resulting in the deaths of at least 8 individuals and UPDF members[11]
  • February 2024 — Gunfire and battles occur in Rangamati, resulting in the deaths of several UPDF members and commanders[11]
  • April 2024 — Battles occur between Bangladesh Army and KNF in Bandarban, and at least 2 KNF militants are killed after KNF militants robbed 2 banks and kidnapped individuals and looted arms of Ansar and Police and law enforcement arrested 55 KNF militants including KNF commanders[15][14][52]
  • May 2024 — Bangladesh Army kills KNF militants in Bandarban[13]
  • July 2024 — Gunfire occurred in Dighinala, Khagrachhari and one UPDF commander, Junel Chakma, was killed[53]
  • August—December 2024 — According to the Bangladesh Hindu—Buddhist—Christian Unity Council, at least 174 incidents of communal violence occurred in the Chittagong Hill Tracts where 23 were killed, 9 women were raped, 64 places of worship were vandalized, 38 businesses and homes were vandalized and attacked and 25 incidents of land grabbing occurred and at least 804 sub-inspectors were dismissed and 227 individuals were excluded from Bangladesh Civil Service and more attacks on ethnic minorities occurred and numerous natives were expelled from jobs or service[54]
  • September 2024 — Clashes occur between locals and Bengali settlers as well as law enforcement and at least 4 are killed in those clashes in Khagrachhari and Rangamati,[55] Jumma youths also clashed with Bengali settlers in Rangamati in the following days and eventually the government imposed Section 144[55]
  • October 2024 — Clashes occur between Bengalis and Jummas in Khagrachhari resulting in attacks on businesses, homes and teachers which later resulted in the government banning unauthorised rallies in the area at 3 pm, 1 October 2024,[55] and 4 UPDF commanders were gunned down in Latiban Union, Panchhari[51]
  • November 2024 — Battles occur between Bangladesh Army and KNF militants in Bandarban, at least 3 KNF militants are killed,[12] Border Guard Bangladesh also launched raids on KNF hideouts and seized arms and ammunition in Bandarban,[56] and battles occurred in Panchhari which resulted in the assassination of 1 UPDF commander who was known as Miton Chakma, an organizer of UPDF[51]
  • December 2024 — 17 homes of Christians in Bandarban are burnt down and attacked[55]
  • January 2025 — Bangladesh Army arrested numerous KNF militants in Bandarban,[57] and killed UPDF militants in raids in Rangamati,[58]
  • February 2025 — Law enforcement arrests individuals in Lama, Bandarban[55]
  • March 2025 — The Bangladesh Army raided UPDF strongholds in Rangamati and seized weapons[59]
  • April 2025 — Bangladesh Army launches raids in Khagrachhari against UPDF militants and captured weapons and targeted militant hideouts[60]
  • May 2025 — Bangladesh Police seized 20,000 uniforms and pieces of equipment of KNF and arrested KNF members,[61] and the Bangladesh Army launched raids against UPDF militants in Laxmichari, Khagrachhari and raids resulted in UPDF casualties and capture of arms and ammunition[62]
  • June 2025 — Bangladesh Army arrested UPDF militants in Khagrachhari and captured arms supplied by Myanmar,[63] and the Bangladesh Army also launched raids in Rangamati and arrested UPDF militants and also seized weapons[64]

Medals

[edit]
Main article: Awards and decorations of the Bangladesh Armed Forces

Uttaran Padak is the medal provided by the government of Bangladesh for members of Border Guard Bangladesh and Bangladeshi security forces who played an important role during Operation Uttaran.[65][66][67][68]

References

[edit]
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  63. ^ মিয়ানমারে তৈরি অস্ত্রসহ ইউপিডিএফ সন্ত্রাসী আটক [UPDF terrorist arrested with Myanmar-made weapons] (in Bengali). 8 June 2025. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
  64. ^ সেনাবাহিনীর অভিযানে অস্ত্রসহ ইউপিডিএফ প্রসীত গ্রুপের দুজন আটক (in Bengali). Bangla Television. 19 June 2025. Retrieved 21 June 2025.
  65. ^ "Medal Gallery". Bangladesh Army. Retrieved 19 June 2025.
  66. ^ বিজিবির জন্য পার্বত্য এলাকায় ‘উত্তরণ পদক’ ['Uttaran Padak' for BGB in hilly areas]. Jago News 24 (in Bengali). 7 December 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  67. ^ বিজিবির জন্য পাবর্ত্য এলাকায় ‘উত্তরণ পদক’ ['Uttaran Padak' for BGB in hilly areas]. Jaijaidin (in Bengali). 8 December 2018. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
  68. ^ বিজিবিতে প্রবর্তিত পদক ও রিবনসমূহ [Medals and ribbons introduced in BGB] (PDF). Border Guard Bangladesh (in Bengali). 1 November 2022. Retrieved 17 June 2025.
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