Portal:Anarchism

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Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that seeks to abolish all institutions that perpetuate authority, coercion, or hierarchy, primarily targeting the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations. A historically left-wing movement, anarchism is usually described as the libertarian wing of the socialist movement (libertarian socialism).

Although traces of anarchist ideas are found all throughout history, modern anarchism emerged from the Enlightenment. During the latter half of the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, the anarchist movement flourished in most parts of the world and had a significant role in workers' struggles for emancipation. Various anarchist schools of thought formed during this period. Anarchists have taken part in several revolutions, most notably in the Paris Commune, the Russian Civil War and the Spanish Civil War, whose end marked the end of the classical era of anarchism. In the last decades of the 20th and into the 21st century, the anarchist movement has been resurgent once more, growing in popularity and influence within anti-capitalist, anti-war and anti-globalisation movements. (Full article...)

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Murray Newton Rothbard (1926–1995) was an influential American economist and political philosopher who helped define modern libertarianism and founded a form of free-market anarchism he termed "anarcho-capitalism". An individualist anarchist of the Austrian School of economics, Rothbard associated with the Objectivists in his early thirties before allying with the New Left in the 1960s and eventually joining the radical caucus of the Libertarian Party. His books Man, Economy, and State (1962) and For a New Liberty (1973) and The Ethics of Liberty (1982) are classics of anarcho-capitalist literature, providing the foundation for natural rights libertarianism. (read more...)

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Credit: Corbis Images for Education database

Anarchists and other radicals awaiting deportation from Ellis Island on January 3, 1920, after being rounded up in raids the previous night in New York City. The passage of Anarchist Exclusion Acts by the United States Congress resulted in the deportation of dozens of illegal immigrants from the United States as a result of their political beliefs.

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Did you know?

...that despite never surpassing 2,500 copies in circulation, the Jewish anarchist journal Germinal (pictured) had a readership on four continents as a result of Eastern European Jewish migration?
...that during the Spanish Civil War, Eduard Pons Prades falsified his identification pages so that he could join the Republican army at age 16?
...that French anarchist Théodule Meunier, responsible for several bombings in Paris in 1902, was featured as a Sherlock Holmes antagonist in René Réouven's L'Assassin du Boulevard?
...that Christian anarchist Dave Andrews was excommunicated from the parachurch Youth With A Mission?
...that Fermin Rocker, son of anarchist writer Rudolf Rocker, once sold a painting to rock star Mick Jagger?

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Its external forms have altered in the course of its historical development, but its functions have always remained the same. They have even been constantly broadened in just the measure in which its supporters have succeeded in making further fields of social activity subservient to their needs. Whether the state be monarchy or republic, whether historically it is anchored to autocracy or in a national constitution, its function remains always the same. And just as the functions of the bodily organs of plants and animals cannot be arbitrarily altered, so that, for example, one cannot at will hear with his eyes and see with his ears, so also one cannot at pleasure transform an organ of social oppression into an instrument for the liberation of the oppressed. The state can only be what it is: the defender of mass exploitation and social privileges, the creator of privileged classes and castes and of new monopolies. Who fails to recognise this function of the state does not understand the real nature of the present social order at all, and is incapable of pointing out to humanity new outlooks for its social evolution.

Anarchism is no patent solution for all human problems, no Utopia of a perfect social order, as it has so often been called, since on principle it rejects all absolute schemes and concepts. It does not believe in any absolute truth, or in definite final goals for human development, but in an unlimited perfectibility of social arrangements and human living conditions, which are always straining after higher forms of expression, and to which for this reason one can assign no definite terminus nor set any fixed goal. The worst crime of any type of state is just that it always tries to force the rich diversity of social life into definite forms and adjust it to one particular form, which allows for no wider outlook and regards the previously exciting status as finished. The stronger its supporters feel themselves, the more completely they succeed in bringing every field of social life into their service, the more crippling is their influence on the operation of all creative cultural forces, the more unwholesomely does it affect the intellectual and social development of any particular epoch.

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—Rudolf Rocker, Anarcho-Syndicalism, 1938.

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Anniversaries for February 22

1879 - Révolte (later La Révolte) was founded in Geneva, Switzerland by Peter Kropotkin, Élisée Reclus, and others, with an initial press-run of 2,000 copies.
1918 - The offices of Cronaca Sovversiva were raided.
1927 - The Dielo Truda group calls for an international anarchist conference to be held in Paris the following April 20th.
1930 - Camillo Berneri (pictured) was sentenced to six months in prison.
1938 - Spanish Civil War: The Battle of Teruel ends in a nationalist victory.
1994 - George Woodcock received the Freedom of the City award from Vancouver, British Columbia.

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