Portal:Switzerland
The Switzerland Portal



Switzerland, officially the Swiss Confederation, is a landlocked country located in west-central Europe. It is bordered by Italy to the south, France to the west, Germany to the north, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. Switzerland is geographically divided among the Swiss Plateau, the Alps and the Jura; the Alps occupy the greater part of the territory, whereas most of the country's 9 million people are concentrated on the plateau, which hosts its largest cities and economic centres, including Zurich, Geneva, and Lausanne.
Switzerland is a federal republic composed of 26 cantons, with federal authorities based in Bern. It has four main linguistic and cultural regions: German, French, Italian and Romansh. Although most Swiss are German-speaking, national identity is fairly cohesive, being rooted in a common historical background, shared values such as federalism and direct democracy, and Alpine symbolism. Swiss identity transcends language, ethnicity, and religion, leading to Switzerland being described as a Willensnation ("nation of volition") rather than a nation state.
Switzerland originates from the Old Swiss Confederacy established in the Late Middle Ages as a defensive and commercial alliance; the Federal Charter of 1291 is considered the country's founding document. The confederation steadily expanded and consolidated despite external threats and internal political and religious strife. Swiss independence from the Holy Roman Empire was formally recognised in the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. The confederation was among the first and few republics of the early modern period, and the only one besides San Marino to survive the Napoleonic Wars.
Switzerland remained a network of self-governing states until 1798, when revolutionary France invaded and imposed the centralist Helvetic Republic. Napoleon abolished the republic in 1803 and reinstated a confederation. Following the Napoleonic Wars, Switzerland restored its pre-revolutionary system, but by 1830 faced growing division and conflict between liberal and conservative movements; this culminated in a new constitution in 1848 that established the current federal system and enshrined principles such as individual rights, separation of powers, and parliamentary bicameralism. (Full article...)

Switzerland made detailed plans to acquire and test nuclear weapons during the Cold War. Less than two weeks after the nuclear bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Swiss government started studying the possibility of building nuclear weapons, and continued its military nuclear program for 43 years until 1988. It has since signed and ratified the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Switzerland never possessed biological weapons, but did have a program to develop and test chemical weapons. (Full article...)
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The Protestant Reformation in Switzerland was promoted initially by Huldrych Zwingli, who gained the support of the magistrate, Mark Reust, and the population of Zürich in the 1520s. It led to significant changes in civil life and state matters in Zürich and spread to several other cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy. Seven cantons remained Catholic, however, which led to intercantonal wars known as the Wars of Kappel. After the victory of the Catholic cantons in 1531, they proceeded to institute Counter-Reformation policies in some regions. The schism and distrust between the Catholic and the Protestant cantons defined their interior politics and paralysed any common foreign policy until well into the 18th century.
Despite their religious differences and an exclusively Catholic defence alliance of the seven cantons (Goldener Bund), no other major armed conflicts directly between the cantons occurred. Soldiers from both sides fought in the French Wars of Religion. (Full article...)
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Leonhard Euler (/ˈɔɪlər/ OY-lər; 15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a Swiss polymath who was active as a mathematician, physicist, astronomer, logician, geographer, and engineer. He founded the studies of graph theory and topology and made influential discoveries in many other branches of mathematics, such as analytic number theory, complex analysis, and infinitesimal calculus. He also introduced much of modern mathematical terminology and notation, including the notion of a mathematical function. He is known for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, astronomy, and music theory. Euler has been called a "universal genius" who "was fully equipped with almost unlimited powers of imagination, intellectual gifts and extraordinary memory". He spent most of his adult life in Saint Petersburg, Russia, and in Berlin, then the capital of Prussia.
Euler is credited for popularizing the Greek letter (lowercase pi) to denote the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter, as well as first using the notation for the value of a function, the letter to express the imaginary unit , the Greek letter (capital sigma) to express summations, the Greek letter (capital delta) for finite differences, and lowercase letters to represent the sides of a triangle while representing the angles as capital letters. He gave the current definition of the constant , the base of the natural logarithm, now known as Euler's number. Euler made contributions to applied mathematics and engineering, such as his study of ships which helped navigation, his three volumes on optics contributed to the design of microscopes and telescopes, and he studied the bending of beams and the critical load of columns. (Full article...)
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- Institute for Intelligent Systems and Robotics (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by French Thutmose III (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-28, score: 40
- Jean Geiser (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Munfarid1 (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2025-06-28, score: 47
- Nadine Böhi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Schestos (talk · contribs · new pages (33)) started on 2025-06-28, score: 96
- Noemi Ivelj (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Schestos (talk · contribs · new pages (33)) started on 2025-06-28, score: 101
- Zigomar (film) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Gaggle Zealot (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-28, score: 17
- 42nd Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-27, score: 48
- 41st Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-27, score: 72
- DC Racing Solutions (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SteeledDock541 (talk · contribs · new pages (11)) started on 2025-06-27, score: 70
- Peter Fornaro (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by WikiEditorForF (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-27, score: 71
- Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jusherman (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2025-06-27, score: 59
- Christian Wood and Construction Workers' Union of Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Warofdreams (talk · contribs · new pages (38)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 62
- Christian Metalworkers' Union of Switzerland (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Warofdreams (talk · contribs · new pages (38)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 82
- BAG Turgi (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Theanonymoustypist (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 76
- Switzerland–Liechtenstein–United Kingdom Trade Agreement (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by StevoLaker (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 76
- The Death of Ophelia (Delacroix) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Lord Cornwallis (talk · contribs · new pages (88)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 20
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- Wernli (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Rezakaisar91 (talk · contribs · new pages (9)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 62
- Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1969 (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jusherman (talk · contribs · new pages (2)) started on 2025-06-26, score: 77
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- Swiss Federation of Protestant Trade Unions (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Warofdreams (talk · contribs · new pages (38)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 82
- 40th Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 39
- Marcel Schwerzmann (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 1AmNobody24 (talk · contribs · new pages (4)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 118
- 2024–25 European Women's Basketball League (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by ILoveSport2006 (talk · contribs · new pages (15)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 51
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- Outline of the California genocide (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by TimothyBlue (talk · contribs · new pages (13)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 12
- Ieremias Kalligiorgis (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jmanlucas (talk · contribs · new pages (27)) started on 2025-06-25, score: 17
- 1956 Swissair Convair CV-440 crash (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Squawk7700 (talk · contribs · new pages (8)) started on 2025-06-24, score: 88
- Orllati (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Leeanah (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 79
- Rico Gulda (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Oratas (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2025-06-24, score: 22
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- Paris Art Week (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-24, score: 11
- 2025 Swiss Open Gstaad (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Yimingbao (talk · contribs · new pages (12)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 84
- Alpine Rhine Valley (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by 2601:196:180:DC0:CDC1:4BEB:1549:382 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 156
- Trade Kings Group (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Articleszm (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 20
- Sidney Swierenga (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Verylongandmemorable (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 20
- Tek It (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Skyshifter (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 20
- Paris Internationale (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 18
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- Dacians' Bridge, Timișoara (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Alexandru M. (talk · contribs · new pages (10)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 20
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- Van Leer family (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Mike Selinker (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-23, score: 56
- Art Basel Paris (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 44
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- VitraHaus (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 40
- Miami Art Week (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 30
- Art Basel Miami Beach (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 50
- Art Basel Awards (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 20
- 39th Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-22, score: 42
- 38th Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 52
- 1944–45 Swiss Cup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 326
- 1945–46 Swiss Cup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 338
- Rima (surname) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Luis7M (talk · contribs · new pages (92)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 20
- 2025 IHF Men's U21 Handball World Championship squads (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Stojan212 (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 24
- Paris+ par Art Basel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 18
- Messeplatz (Basel) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 40
- CHOIR (art installation) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Jenny8lee (talk · contribs · new pages (16)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 14
- Arthur F. Barbezat (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Bdwagner (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-21, score: 62
- Volta (art fair) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 44
- Africa Basel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 40
- Basel Social Club (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 40
- Photo Basel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 40
- Liste Art Fair Basel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 40
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- Messe Basel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Phibeatrice (talk · contribs · new pages (21)) started on 2025-06-20, score: 37
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- Made in Switzerland (song) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Axel1382004 (talk · contribs · new pages (11)) started on 2025-06-15, score: 60
- Anna Eichberg King (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by FloridaArmy (talk · contribs · new pages (109)) started on 2025-06-06, score: 26
- Tobias Jehle (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by TheBritinator (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-19, score: 28
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- Berger Action Fund (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Marquardtika (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-18, score: 14
- 36th Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by SquawkGuard (talk · contribs · new pages (7)) started on 2025-06-18, score: 48
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- Swiss Junior Mixed Doubles Curling Championship (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Алексей Густов (talk · contribs · new pages (11)) started on 2025-06-16, score: 139
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- Littau (disambiguation) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Altenmann (talk · contribs · new pages (123)) started on 2025-06-16, score: 40
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- Made in Switzerland (Eurovision song) (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Axel1382004 (talk · contribs · new pages (11)) started on 2025-06-15, score: 60
- 78th Locarno Film Festival (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Rickyurs (talk · contribs · new pages (17)) started on 2025-06-15, score: 62
- Natural History Museum of the University of Zurich (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by GleisReis (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-15, score: 100
- 1946–47 Swiss Cup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 308
- 1947–48 Swiss Cup (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Huligan0 (talk · contribs · new pages (5)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 298
- Detroit Freeze (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by PensRule11385 (talk · contribs · new pages (141)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 12
- Monochrome Rose (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Grizma (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 71
- Stadler European Mixed Doubles Invitational (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Earl Andrew (talk · contribs · new pages (6)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 66
- History of Savoy from 1815 to 1860 (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Cactusisme (talk · contribs · new pages (10)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 57
- Jajce Citadel (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Santasa99 (talk · contribs · new pages (3)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 12
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Geneva County, Alabama (edit | talk | history | links | watch | logs | tools) by Magicpiano (talk · contribs · new pages (1)) started on 2025-06-14, score: 12
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