Pangkak
| Pangkak | |
|---|---|
| Originating culture | Kangeanese |
Pangkak, Pangkaq, or Pangka’ (from Kangean pangkak) is one of the traditional Kangeanese cultural performances, native to the Indonesian island of Kangean. It is an integral part of the Kangeanese culture, traditionally associated with harvest celebrations and engagement rituals.[1] Pangkak combines vocal performance, music, dance, and martial arts.[2] It is considered as an important symbol of the Kangeanese identity,[3] reflecting the native community’s connection to agriculture, spirituality, and social celebrations.
Etymology
[edit]The term “pangkak” is Kangeanic in origin, literally means 'reap' (cognates to Madurese peghek (lit. 'break off') and Balinese pegat (lit. 'break off'), etc.), reflects its connection to rice harvesting, during which the performance was traditionally held to celebrate a successful yield.
Form
[edit]Pangkak is characterized by its vocal imitation of traditional musical instruments, including gongs, flutes, and drums. Performed by groups of 10–12 individuals, it features layered vocal arrangements that create rhythm and harmony.
The performance begins with poje-poje, a solo poetic couplet sung in Kangeanic. This is followed by distinct vocal parts:
- Gĕndĕng – imitates drum sounds.
- Pandĕk – repetitive phrases sung in unison.
- Lanjĕng – melodic lines sung by the lead vocalist.
The structure concludes with sections like lelo, a melismatic solo, and panjĕg, a busy and dynamic chorus.
Performers typically wear traditional attire, including white shirt, ekĕt sarong (ikat loincloths), and odeng (headclothing). Dancing may accompany the singing, adding to the celebratory nature of the event.
Cultural significance
[edit]Historically, the Pangkak was performed during harvest festivals as an expression of gratitude for a bountiful crop.[1] It also played a role in engagement ceremonies, where songs expressed themes of love and union. Lyrics often conveyed blessings and aspirations for the couple, such as: “Calm your mind, engaged one; your bride-to-be will come to your home; when you see her, you’ll find your desire”.[1][4]
Preservation and revitalization
[edit]In recent years, the popularity of Pangkak has declined due to modernization and reduced interest among younger generations. However, efforts are being made to preserve this cultural art form. Groups like Pangkak Lambhering at Angon-Angon in Arjasa district of Kangean continue to practice and teach it.
Events like the International Ethnic Music Festival organized by the Jakarta Arts Council (DKJ) have also showcased Pangkak to wider audiences, promoting cultural appreciation for the Kangeanese.
See also
[edit]- Seren taun – Sundanese harvest ceremony
References
[edit]- ^ a b c "Mouth Music: Pangkak Harvest Songs in the Kangean Islands". auralarchipelago.com. Aural Archipelago. 11 April 2018. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "The History of Sumenep State Court". pn-sumenep.go.id. The Sumenep State Court class II. 11 February 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ Amalyah, Lailya Septi (2013). "Analysis of Symbols Used by the Kangean People in Pangkak Traditional Ceremony". Thesis. University of Muhammadiyah Malang. (2013). Retrieved 20 January 2021.
- ^ "Pangkak: Traditional Ceremony From Kangean Island, Indonesia". javaisbeautiful.com. Getaway Tours Indonesia. 21 March 2012. Retrieved 20 January 2021.
