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Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate of the People's Republic of China
中华人民共和国最高人民检察院检察长
Emblem of the Supreme People's Procuratorate
Incumbent
Ying Yong
since 11 March 2023
Supreme People's Court
StatusDeputy-national leader level official
Member ofSupreme People's Court
Reports toNational People's Congress and its Standing Committee
SeatBeijing
NominatorPresidium of the National People's Congress
AppointerNational People's Congress
Term lengthFive years, renewable once consecutively
Constituting instrumentConstitution of China
Formation1 October 1949; 75 years ago (1949-10-01)
First holderLuo Ronghuan
DeputyDeputy Procurator-General
Procurator-General of the Supreme People's Procuratorate
Simplified Chinese中华人民共和国最高人民检察院检察长
Traditional Chinese中華人民共和國最高人民檢察院檢察長
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Zuìgāo Rénmín Jiǎncháyuàn Jiǎncházhǎng
Alternative Chinese name
Simplified Chinese最高人民检察院检察长
Traditional Chinese最高人民檢察院檢察長
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu PinyinZuìgāo Rénmín Jiǎncháyuàn Jiǎncházhǎng

The procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate is the head of the Supreme People's Procuratorate and is the highest-ranking prosecutor in China.

Under the current constitution, the procurator-general is appointed by and serves at the pleasure of the National People's Congress (NPC), the legislature. The incumbent procurator-general is Ying Yong, who took office on 11 March 2023.

History

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The Supreme People's Procuratorate of the Central People's Government was established on 1 October 1949. Luo Ronghuan served as the first procurator-general by the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.[1]

On 27 September 1954, the SPP of the Central People's Government was replaced with the SPP of the People's Republic of China.[citation needed]

Selection

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According to the Organic Law of the National People's Congress (NPC), constitutionally China's highest organ of state power, the prosecutor general is nominated by the NPC Presidium, the Congress's executive organ.[2] However, the nomination is effectively made by the Chinese Communist Party, with the decisions being made among Party leaders.[3] Although the Presidium could theoretically nominate multiple candidates for the prosecutor general, leading the election to be competitive, it has always nominated a single candidate for the office.[3]

After the nomination, the prosecutor general is elected by the NPC, which also has the power to remove him and other state officers from their office. Elections and removals are decided by majority vote only in a NPC plenary session.[4] The length of the prosecutor general's term of office is the same as the NPC, which is 5 years, and the prosecutor general is restricted to two consecutive terms of office.[4] Since 2018, the new or returning prosecutor general is required to recite the constitutional oath of office before assuming office.[3]

List of procurators-general

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No. Chairperson NPC term Took office Left office Political Party
1 Luo Ronghuan

罗荣桓

N/A October 1, 1949 September 27, 1954 Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
2 Zhang Dingcheng

张鼎丞

1st September 27, 1954 April 27, 1959
2nd April 27, 1959 January 3, 1965
3rd January 3, 1965 January 17, 1975
From 17 January 1975 to 5 March 1978, the post of Procurator-general of the Supreme People's Procuratorate was abolished.
3 Huang Huoqing

黄火青

5th March 5, 1978 June 20, 1983 Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
4 Yang Yichen

杨易辰

6th June 20, 1983 April 9, 1988
5 Liu Fuzhi

刘复之

7th April 9, 1988 March 28, 1993
6 Zhang Siqing

张思卿

8th March 28, 1993 March 17, 1998
7 Han Zhubin

韩杼滨

9th March 17, 1998 March 16, 2003
8 Jia Chunwang

贾春旺

10th March 16, 2003 March 16, 2008
9 Cao Jianming

曹建明

11th March 16, 2008 March 15, 2013
12th March 15, 2013 March 18, 2018
10 Zhang Jun

张军

13th March 18, 2018 March 11, 2023
11 Ying Yong

应勇

14th March 11, 2023 Incumbent

Timeline

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Ying YongZhang Jun (politician)Cao JianmingJia ChunwangHan ZhubinZhang SiqingLiu FuzhiYang Yichen (politician)Huang HuoqingZhang DingchengLuo Ronghuan

References

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  1. ^ "1st meeting of the CPPCC" (PDF). The Common Program of the People's Republic of China. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 September 2024. Retrieved 20 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Organic Law of the National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. 11 March 2021. Archived from the original on 11 January 2023. Retrieved 11 January 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Liao, Zewei (2023-03-04). "NPC 2023: How China Selects Its State Leaders for the Next Five Years". NPC Observer. Archived from the original on 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  4. ^ a b "Constitution of the People's Republic of China". National People's Congress. Archived from the original on 3 January 2022. Retrieved 1 November 2023.