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SN 2023ixf

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SN 2023ixf
Supernova 2023ixf as seen on 20 May 2023
Type II Supernova
Date19 May 2023, 17:27 UTC by Kōichi Itagaki[1]
ConstellationUrsa Major
Right ascension14h 03m 38.562s[2]
Declination+54° 18′ 41.94″[2]
EpochJ2000
Distancec. 21 million ly[2]
HostPinwheel Galaxy[3]
ProgenitorSupergiant (M=–4.66)[4]
Peak apparent magnitude10.8 (on 22 May 2023)[5][6]
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SN 2023ixf was a Type II-L[7][8] (core collapse) supernova located 21 million light years away from Earth in the Pinwheel Galaxy in the constellation of Ursa Major. It was one of the brightest core collapse supernova to have occurred in the 21st century with an energy output of (0.3–1.4)×1051 ergs. Before becoming a supernova, the progenitor star is believed to have been a supergiant with an absolute magnitude in the near-infrared (814nm) of MF814W = –4.66.[4] It is expected that SN 2023ixf has left behind either a neutron star or black hole based on current stellar evolution models.[citation needed]

The supernova is located near a prominent HII region, NGC 5461, in an outer spiral arm of the bright galaxy Messier 101.[3]

The supernova ejecta produced during the nebular phase contained <0.65 solar masses of the element oxygen, travelling at a speed of 2,250 kilometers per second which is consistent with models of a lower mass progenitor red supergiant star. The luminosity was powered by an estimated 0.049 solar masses of the isotope nickel-56. Its spectum showed broad calcium profiles which dominated later stages of the nebular phase and a broad but complex multi-peaked hydrogen profile. The ejected hydrogen showed high velocity (6,000 kilometers per second) emission features which may be evidence of interaction with a dense region of hydrogen located at an extended distance.[9]

Discovery and History

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SN 2023ixf was first observed on 19 May 2023 by Kōichi Itagaki and immediately classified as a Type II supernova.[2] The apparent magnitude at discovery was 14.9.[2] After discovery, the Zwicky Transient Facility project found a precovery image of the supernova at magnitude 15.87 two days before discovery.[10]

By 22 May 2023, SN 2023ixf had brightened to about magnitude 11.[5][6] It could be seen in telescopes as small as 114 mm (4.5 in)[3] and remained visible with backyard telescopes for several months.[11] The supernova started to fade around 10 June 2023.[12]

The last supernova that close to Earth occurred 9 years previously: SN 2014J in Messier 82, roughly 12 million light-years from Earth.

Recently observed supernovae as bright as SN 2023ixf
Supernova Galaxy Distance Type Peak
apmag
SN 2023ixf Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) 21 Mly (6.4 Mpc) II 10.8
SN 2014J M82 (Cigar Galaxy) 12 Mly (3.7 Mpc) Ia 10.1[13]
SN 2011fe Pinwheel Galaxy (M101) 21 Mly (6.4 Mpc) Ia 9.9[14]
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References

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  1. ^ "Discovery certificate for object 2023ixf". Transient Name Server. Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  2. ^ a b c d e "AstroNote 2023-119". Transient Name Server. Archived from the original on 2023-05-20. Retrieved 2023-05-20.
  3. ^ a b c Bob King (2023-05-22). "Bright Supernova Blazes in M101, the Pinwheel Galaxy". Sky & Telescope. Archived from the original on 2023-05-22. Retrieved 2023-05-23.
  4. ^ a b "Detection of candidate progenitor of SN 2023ixf in HST archival data". Astronomer's Telegram. 2023-05-23. Archived from the original on 2023-05-24. Retrieved 2023-05-24.
  5. ^ a b David Bishop. "2023ixf (ZTF23aaklqou)". Archived from the original on 2023-05-21. Retrieved 2023-05-22.
  6. ^ a b "2023-141: Amateur Follow-up observations in bands V & B". Transient Name Server.
  7. ^ G., Bianciardi; M., Ciccarelli A.; G., Conzo; M., D'Angelo; S., Ghia; M., Moriconi; Z., Orbanić; N., Ruocco; I., Sharp; M., Uhlár; F, Walter (2023). "Multiband Photometry Evolution in the First Weeks of SN 2023ixf, a possible II-L Subtype Supernova". Transient Name Server Astronote. 213: 1. arXiv:2307.05612. Bibcode:2023TNSAN.213....1B.
  8. ^ "VSX : Detail for SN 2023ixf". www.aavso.org. Retrieved 2023-07-31.
  9. ^ Michel, Philip D; Mazzali, Paolo A; Perley, Daniel A; Hinds, K-Ryan; Wise, Jacob L (2025-05-11). "The nebular spectra of SN 2023ixf: a lower mass, partially stripped progenitor may be the result of binary interaction". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 539 (2): 633–649. arXiv:2503.13017. doi:10.1093/mnras/staf443. ISSN 0035-8711.
  10. ^ "ZTF Pre-Discovery Forced Photometry of SN 2023ixf". Transient Name Server.
  11. ^ Kelly Kizer Whitt (2023-05-20). "New supernova! Closest in a decade". Earthsky. Archived from the original on 2023-05-20. Retrieved 2023-05-21.
  12. ^ "AAVSO Magnitude Plot". AAVSO. Archived from the original on 2023-06-11.
  13. ^ List of supernovae sorted by Magnitude for 2014 Archived 2023-05-30 at the Wayback Machine (David Bishop)
  14. ^ List of supernovae sorted by Magnitude for 2011 Archived 2023-05-30 at the Wayback Machine (David Bishop)

See also

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