Saint-Leu-d'Esserent
Saint-Leu-d'Esserent | |
|---|---|
 The town hall and abbey in Saint-Leu-d'Esserent | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Saint-Leu-d'Esserent  | |
  Saint-Leu-d'Esserent  Saint-Leu-d'Esserent | |
| Coordinates: 49°13′05″N 2°25′22″E / 49.2181°N 2.4228°E | |
| Country | France |
| Region | Hauts-de-France |
| Department | Oise |
| Arrondissement | Senlis |
| Canton | Montataire |
| Intercommunality | CA Creil Sud Oise |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2020–2026) | Frédéric Besset[1] |
| Area 1 | 13.08 km2 (5.05 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[2] | 4,606 |
| • Density | 350/km2 (910/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 60584 /60340 |
| Elevation | 25–137 m (82–449 ft) (avg. 29 m or 95 ft) |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
Saint-Leu-d'Esserent (French pronunciation: [sɛ̃ lø dɛsʁɑ̃]) is a commune in the Oise department in northern France.[3]
Saint Leu is notable for 3,000 square metres (32,000 sq ft) of mushroom caves under the Thiverny plateau.[4]
History
[edit]During World War II, the caves were one of three major underground V-1 flying bomb storage depots. In addition to the caves, the facility included blockhouses, bunkers, flak emplacements and railway links. Allied intelligence firmly identified late in June 1944 that Saint-Leu-d'Esserent and Nucourt were V-1 storage depots.[5] On 27 June 1944, Saint-Leu-d'Esserent was initially bombed by the US Army Air Force,[6][7] then on 4/5 July 1944 by two RAF forces (the first unsuccessfully used Tallboy bombs in an attempt to collapse the limestone roof of the caves).[5][8] Finally on 7 July 1944, an evening RAF raid successfully blocked the tunnels.[9]
The storage dump at Thiverny was bombed in 1944 on 5 May,[10] 11 July,[11] 12 July[12][13] and 19 July.[14][15][16][17]
Population
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 1968 | 3,587 | — |
| 1975 | 4,462 | +3.17% |
| 1982 | 4,459 | −0.01% |
| 1990 | 4,288 | −0.49% |
| 1999 | 4,867 | +1.42% |
| 2007 | 4,724 | −0.37% |
| 2012 | 4,667 | −0.24% |
| 2017 | 4,688 | +0.09% |
| Source: INSEE[18] | ||
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les maires" (in French). data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises. 13 September 2022. Archived from the original on 18 July 2021. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Populations légales 2021" (in French). The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
- ^ "INSEE commune file". Retrieved 24 September 2024.
- ^ Couderchon, Philippe. "The quarries of Saint Leu Esserent". Archived from the original on 3 February 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2009.
- ^ a b Collier, Basil (1976) [1964]. The Battle of the V-Weapons, 1944-1945. Yorkshire: The Emfield Press. pp. 68, 82, 84. ISBN 0-7057-0070-4.
- ^ "8th Air Force 1944 Chronicles". Archived from the original on 10 June 2016. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
- ^ Taylor, Graham. "Leopold". Archived from the original on 19 January 2010. Retrieved 16 May 2007.
- ^ Irving, David (1964). The Mare's Nest. London: William Kimber and Co. pp. 168, 220, 245, 246.
- ^ Richards, Denis (1994) [1964]. The Hardest Victory - RAF Bomber Command in the Second World War. p. 241. Archived from the original on 11 October 2007. Retrieved 10 May 2007.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 10 October 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "July 1944". Bomber Command 60th Anniversary. RAF. Archived from the original on 11 June 2007.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 10 October 2006. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 14 April 2008. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 18 December 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 2 March 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ "tbd". tbd. Archived from the original on 30 May 2009. Retrieved 28 October 2008.
- ^ Population en historique depuis 1968, INSEE
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